阅读一 记叙文
记叙文六要素： 时间、地点、人物、事件、起因、经过、结果。读文章时特别关注以上要素。
1. 顺藤摸瓜。记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5w （what, who, when, where, why）要素。
2、左顾右盼。在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3、刨根问底。主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
（二）例题解析：（2014山西）
2002, I wrote a letter for my future self with instructions not to open until my birthday in 2014. It is 2014 now. Yesterday was my birthday and I opened it. This is what I said:
Dear Sherri，
By the time you read this, you will be 30. At the age of 18, I had many dream about you. Right now I hope you have travelled and seen everything you have always wanted to, both in Canada and abroad, maybe you have even settled down somewhere in France, and maybe you are working in the field of art. I hope you are married to Gwynn----the man of your dreams. You’ll probably have two children---a girl and a boy.
If everything goes okay, you’ll be living in France in a big house in a small town with Gwynn and your two children. You are doing research in painting. Gwynn will be a computer programmer and you will be doing all right for yourselves. When I read this, I was surprised. So much of what I wanted has come true.
I did travel to a few more places in Canada. I’ve traveled to the UK, Australia and Egypt. I have been living in France for nearly 4 years in a big house, in a small suburb(郊区), in a major city. I am an art teacher in a university. I have two lovely kids.
But now everything went as I hoped. I married a man named Tom Rees, and he is an excellent artist. We are doing all right for ourselves. I find it cool how the dreams of a young girl can become a grown woman’s reality.
( )1. How long did Sherri wait to open the letter? A. For 12 years. B. For 18 years. C. For 30 years.
( )2. What does the underlined phrase ―settled down mean in Chinese? A. 参观 B. 旅行 C. 定居
( )3. Among all her dreams, which one did not come true?
A.To work in the field of art. B.To be a mother of two kids. C.To marry a computer programmer.
( )4. What can we infer (推断) from the passage?
A. She plans to move to the UK later. B. She enjoys the life with her families now.
C. She loses hope because not everything goes well.
( )5. What is the best title for the passage? A. Dream on the way. B. Dream and Reality. C. How to achieve your dream. 点拨： 文章大意：作者在 2002 年给未来的自己写了一封信，信里提到的很多梦想都成了现实。
1. 细节题。选A 。根据文章第一句In 2002, I wrote a letter for my future self with instructions not to open until my birthday in 2014. It is 2014 now.得知作者等了 12 年才打开信。
2. 猜词题。选C 。由第二段第二句得知：现在我希望你已经旅行或是看过了你所以只希望看到的一切在加拿大或是国外，或许你甚至在法国的某个地方定居了下来。所以 settled down 应该理解为定居。
3. 细节题。选C 。根据第六段的第二句话 I married a man named Tom Rees, and he is an excellent artist 得知。
4. 推断题。选B 。从文章第四段 So much of what I wanted has come true 及文章第六段 We are doing all right for ourselves 可以推断作者对目前的生活是比较享受的。
5. 主旨题。文章主要讲了曾经的梦想及如今的现实的事情，所以 B 项是正确的。
当堂检测
A.2014安徽
Tony Wheeler was born to travel. His father worked for an airline. For the first 16 years of his life. Wheeler and his family lived in many different countries. In the early 1970s, Tony met a young woman named Maureen. They soon married. Before
getting jobs, Tony and Maureen wanted to travel. They took a year-long trip from England, through Asia, to Australia. On the trip, they visited places like Iran( 伊朗) . India, and so on.
When Tony and Maureen arrived in Australia, people asked many questions about their trip. To answer these questions, Wheeler wrote a book called Across Asia on the Cheap. The book told people about different countries' weather, customs, and places to see. But unlike other travel books then, Tony Wheeler's book also talked about places most tourists did not go. He also wrote about unusual things to see and do. The book was very popular.
Tony and Maureen started a company called lonely Planet. They continued travelling. They wrote books for each place they visited. Tod ay, 800 people work for Lonely Planet. The company has over 650 books. Tony Wheeler, the great traveller, still writes about travels to many places and will bring us more surprises.
( )1. Tony Wheeler and his wife ended the year-long trip in _______. A. England B. Iran C. India D. Australia
( )2. Tony Wheeler wrote the book Across Asia on the Cheap to _______
A. make money for his next trip B. tell people about his new company
C. draw people's attention to his family D. answer people's questions about his trip
( )3. How was the book Across Asia on the Cheap different from other travel books then?
A. It was longer and more popular. B. It was the first travel book in the world.
C.It talked about places most tourists did not go. D. It talked about a country's weather and customs.
( )4. Which of the following is TRUE about Tony Wheeler's company?
A. His father started it. B. It is an airline company.
C. Hundreds of people work for it. D. It has no books about travelling
( )5. The passage mainly talks about _______. A. a great traveller and his books
B. a tour of different countries C. a great writer and his family D. different kinds of companies
B.2014陕西
I had hidden the long black bag in the garage for the past two days. Tonight, in the dark, I would finally take it away. If everything went OK, it would be done by morning. But I had to be sure no one, not even my wife, saw me.
It was more difficult to get away from the party than I expected. I said that the children were tired and needed to get to bed. It was partly true. But the main reason for leaving was that I wanted to complete my plan.
First I had to get the kids to sleep. That was never easy at any time and tonight it was even more difficult. The eldest one wanted to know why we left the party early. I told him 10:30 pm was not early. As usual, I read them a bed story, but I had to stop myself reading too quickly or they would learn my secret.
Silence finally came, and feeling like a thief in the night, I went out of the house and into the garage. Taking one end, I dragged the bag out from its hiding place and took it into the garden. I was worried that my neighbor might see me and call the police.
It was already eleven o’clock. By the light of the moon I started working, trying to make a little noise as possible. And that was not easy with a saw（锯子）and a hammer.
After much effort, my work was finally completed. I looked down at my watch. It was exactly 4:00 am. Then I went inside to have a shower and get a few hours of sleep. It wouldn’t be long now before the kids would rush into my room and wake me up to tell me about the new tree-house Father Christmas had brought them this year.
( )1. Why did the man feel nervous?
A. He left the party too late B. He was afraid of the darkness
C. He didn’t know where the black bag was. D. He worried that others would discover his secret.
( )2. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refers to _______ . A. thieves B. parents C. children D. neighbors
( )3. In what order did the man do the following?
a. Read the kids a story. b. Had a shower c. Worked in the moonlight
d. Dragged the bag from the garage. e. Went to a party
A. e-d-a-b-c B. e-a-d-c-b C. a-b-e-d-c D. a-e-d-c-b
( )4. W hat did the man want to do after finishing his plan?
A. Go to sleep B. Wake up his children C. Open the bag D. Call the police
( )5. How would the children feel when they saw the man’s work? A. Confused B. Excited C. Tired D. Angry
C.2014重庆
Rachel Carson was born in the USA on May 27,1907. Her mother, Maria Carson, had been a schoolteacher. She also loved nature. She showed Rachel the beauty of nature. She also taught Rachel a deep love for books. As a quiet child, Rachel liked to read and write stories. At a very early age, she decided she wanted to be a writer some day. Her story first appeared in a children’s magazine when she was ten years old.
Her first books, Under the Sea Wind came out in 1941. In 1948, Miss Carson began working on another book, The Sea Around Us. She always remembered carefully when she wrote. She collected information from more than one thousand places to write The Sea Around Us.When the book came out in 1951, it won the National Book Award. It was No. 1 on the best-seller list for more than a year. The Sea Around Us made Rachel Carson famous.
Rachel Carson’s most famous book, Silent Spring came out in 1962. In this book, she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides(杀虫剂) like DDT would cause the number of birds to because it would kill them as well. Finally, in November 1969, the United Sates government decided that the use of DDT must stop in two years.
Rachel Carson has been regarded as a great environmentalist(环保主义者) and writer. She will be remembered by the world.
( )1.Rachel Carson had a deep love for nature and books because of __________ .
A. her father B. her mother C. her schoolteacher D. her brother
( )2. Rachel decided that she wanted to be a writer when ___________ .
A. she was very young B. she was in college C. she became a teacher D. she became famous
( )3. The Chinese meaning of the word “decline” in this passage is probably ____. A. 增加 B. 减少 C. 维持 D. 翻番
( )4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Rachel Carson was a careful and serious writer. B. The Sea Around Us won the National Book Award.
C. In Silent Spring Rachel said some pesticides were bad for the environment.
D. The use of DDT was stopped as soon as the book Silent Spring came out.
D．2014 南京
Mike Myers is a teacher at Chauncey Rose High School in Terre Haute, Indiana. Last year, he taught his students about the world’s rain forests.They learned that rain forests are important because the plants and animals of the rain forest give us food, wood, and medicine.
Destruction of the world’s rain forests is a serious problem.Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing at a rate of 80 acres per minute! As part of a class project, Myers’students bought three acres of rain forest in Central America.They paid $25 per acre. The students hope that the land they bought will be protected and not destroyed.The students became so interested in rain forests that they decided to get a closer look at a real rain forest.
So last June, Myers and four of his students took a boat ride down a river.They saw alligators and crocodiles.In the middle of the week, a guide took Myers and his students into the rain forest.“The monkeys were not happy that we were in their forest.They broke small branches off the trees and threw them at us,” one of the students said, “It was a great learning experience for all of us,” said Myers.
Each student chose something specific about Costa Rica to study involving the plants, animals, food, and culture.During the last few days the group had time to do fun activities.They went whitewater rafting and horseback riding, and visited Costa Rica’s active volcano.
Myers hopes to make the trip every year with a different group of kids.
( )1. How much did Myers’ students pay for the rain forest they bought? A. $25 B. $75 C. $80 D. $2000
( )2. What did Myers and his students do at the beginning of the trip?
A. They went into the rain forest. B. They bought acres of rain forest.
C. They took a boat ride down a river. D. They visited Costa Rica’s active volcano.
( )3. The word “Destruction” in paragraph 2 probably means “the process of being ______.”
A.. destroyed B. developed C. described D. discovered.
( )4. When the monkeys saw Myers and his students, they ___________.
A. felt excited B. felt angry C. jumped off the trees D. left the rain forest
( )5. The passage mainly shows that Myers and his students __________.
A. did something to protect rain forest B. wanted to buy the rain forest in Costa Rica
C. were interested in the culture of Costa Rica D. went to the rain forest for various fun activities
阅读一 记叙文
记叙文六要素： 时间、地点、人物、事件、起因、经过、结果。读文章时特别关注以上要素。
1. 顺藤摸瓜。记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5w （what, who, when, where, why）要素。
2、左顾右盼。在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3、刨根问底。主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
（二）例题解析：（2014山西）
2002, I wrote a letter for my future self with instructions not to open until my birthday in 2014. It is 2014 now. Yesterday was my birthday and I opened it. This is what I said:
Dear Sherri，
By the time you read this, you will be 30. At the age of 18, I had many dream about you. Right now I hope you have travelled and seen everything you have always wanted to, both in Canada and abroad, maybe you have even settled down somewhere in France, and maybe you are working in the field of art. I hope you are married to Gwynn----the man of your dreams. You’ll probably have two children---a girl and a boy.
If everything goes okay, you’ll be living in France in a big house in a small town with Gwynn and your two children. You are doing research in painting. Gwynn will be a computer programmer and you will be doing all right for yourselves. When I read this, I was surprised. So much of what I wanted has come true.
I did travel to a few more places in Canada. I’ve traveled to the UK, Australia and Egypt. I have been living in France for nearly 4 years in a big house, in a small suburb(郊区), in a major city. I am an art teacher in a university. I have two lovely kids.
But now everything went as I hoped. I married a man named Tom Rees, and he is an excellent artist. We are doing all right for ourselves. I find it cool how the dreams of a young girl can become a grown woman’s reality.
( )1. How long did Sherri wait to open the letter? A. For 12 years. B. For 18 years. C. For 30 years.
( )2. What does the underlined phrase ―settled down mean in Chinese? A. 参观 B. 旅行 C. 定居
( )3. Among all her dreams, which one did not come true?
A.To work in the field of art. B.To be a mother of two kids. C.To marry a computer programmer.
( )4. What can we infer (推断) from the passage?
A. She plans to move to the UK later. B. She enjoys the life with her families now.
C. She loses hope because not everything goes well.
( )5. What is the best title for the passage? A. Dream on the way. B. Dream and Reality. C. How to achieve your dream. 点拨： 文章大意：作者在 2002 年给未来的自己写了一封信，信里提到的很多梦想都成了现实。
1. 细节题。选A 。根据文章第一句In 2002, I wrote a letter for my future self with instructions not to open until my birthday in 2014. It is 2014 now.得知作者等了 12 年才打开信。
2. 猜词题。选C 。由第二段第二句得知：现在我希望你已经旅行或是看过了你所以只希望看到的一切在加拿大或是国外，或许你甚至在法国的某个地方定居了下来。所以 settled down 应该理解为定居。
3. 细节题。选C 。根据第六段的第二句话 I married a man named Tom Rees, and he is an excellent artist 得知。
4. 推断题。选B 。从文章第四段 So much of what I wanted has come true 及文章第六段 We are doing all right for ourselves 可以推断作者对目前的生活是比较享受的。
5. 主旨题。文章主要讲了曾经的梦想及如今的现实的事情，所以 B 项是正确的。
当堂检测
A.2014安徽
Tony Wheeler was born to travel. His father worked for an airline. For the first 16 years of his life. Wheeler and his family lived in many different countries. In the early 1970s, Tony met a young woman named Maureen. They soon married. Before
getting jobs, Tony and Maureen wanted to travel. They took a year-long trip from England, through Asia, to Australia. On the trip, they visited places like Iran( 伊朗) . India, and so on.
When Tony and Maureen arrived in Australia, people asked many questions about their trip. To answer these questions, Wheeler wrote a book called Across Asia on the Cheap. The book told people about different countries' weather, customs, and places to see. But unlike other travel books then, Tony Wheeler's book also talked about places most tourists did not go. He also wrote about unusual things to see and do. The book was very popular.
Tony and Maureen started a company called lonely Planet. They continued travelling. They wrote books for each place they visited. Tod ay, 800 people work for Lonely Planet. The company has over 650 books. Tony Wheeler, the great traveller, still writes about travels to many places and will bring us more surprises.
( )1. Tony Wheeler and his wife ended the year-long trip in _______. A. England B. Iran C. India D. Australia
( )2. Tony Wheeler wrote the book Across Asia on the Cheap to _______
A. make money for his next trip B. tell people about his new company
C. draw people's attention to his family D. answer people's questions about his trip
( )3. How was the book Across Asia on the Cheap different from other travel books then?
A. It was longer and more popular. B. It was the first travel book in the world.
C.It talked about places most tourists did not go. D. It talked about a country's weather and customs.
( )4. Which of the following is TRUE about Tony Wheeler's company?
A. His father started it. B. It is an airline company.
C. Hundreds of people work for it. D. It has no books about travelling
( )5. The passage mainly talks about _______. A. a great traveller and his books
B. a tour of different countries C. a great writer and his family D. different kinds of companies
B.2014陕西
I had hidden the long black bag in the garage for the past two days. Tonight, in the dark, I would finally take it away. If everything went OK, it would be done by morning. But I had to be sure no one, not even my wife, saw me.
It was more difficult to get away from the party than I expected. I said that the children were tired and needed to get to bed. It was partly true. But the main reason for leaving was that I wanted to complete my plan.
First I had to get the kids to sleep. That was never easy at any time and tonight it was even more difficult. The eldest one wanted to know why we left the party early. I told him 10:30 pm was not early. As usual, I read them a bed story, but I had to stop myself reading too quickly or they would learn my secret.
Silence finally came, and feeling like a thief in the night, I went out of the house and into the garage. Taking one end, I dragged the bag out from its hiding place and took it into the garden. I was worried that my neighbor might see me and call the police.
It was already eleven o’clock. By the light of the moon I started working, trying to make a little noise as possible. And that was not easy with a saw（锯子）and a hammer.
After much effort, my work was finally completed. I looked down at my watch. It was exactly 4:00 am. Then I went inside to have a shower and get a few hours of sleep. It wouldn’t be long now before the kids would rush into my room and wake me up to tell me about the new tree-house Father Christmas had brought them this year.
( )1. Why did the man feel nervous?
A. He left the party too late B. He was afraid of the darkness
C. He didn’t know where the black bag was. D. He worried that others would discover his secret.
( )2. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refers to _______ . A. thieves B. parents C. children D. neighbors
( )3. In what order did the man do the following?
a. Read the kids a story. b. Had a shower c. Worked in the moonlight
d. Dragged the bag from the garage. e. Went to a party
A. e-d-a-b-c B. e-a-d-c-b C. a-b-e-d-c D. a-e-d-c-b
( )4. W hat did the man want to do after finishing his plan?
A. Go to sleep B. Wake up his children C. Open the bag D. Call the police
( )5. How would the children feel when they saw the man’s work? A. Confused B. Excited C. Tired D. Angry
C.2014重庆
Rachel Carson was born in the USA on May 27,1907. Her mother, Maria Carson, had been a schoolteacher. She also loved nature. She showed Rachel the beauty of nature. She also taught Rachel a deep love for books. As a quiet child, Rachel liked to read and write stories. At a very early age, she decided she wanted to be a writer some day. Her story first appeared in a children’s magazine when she was ten years old.
Her first books, Under the Sea Wind came out in 1941. In 1948, Miss Carson began working on another book, The Sea Around Us. She always remembered carefully when she wrote. She collected information from more than one thousand places to write The Sea Around Us.When the book came out in 1951, it won the National Book Award. It was No. 1 on the best-seller list for more than a year. The Sea Around Us made Rachel Carson famous.
Rachel Carson’s most famous book, Silent Spring came out in 1962. In this book, she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides(杀虫剂) like DDT would cause the number of birds to because it would kill them as well. Finally, in November 1969, the United Sates government decided that the use of DDT must stop in two years.
Rachel Carson has been regarded as a great environmentalist(环保主义者) and writer. She will be remembered by the world.
( )1.Rachel Carson had a deep love for nature and books because of __________ .
A. her father B. her mother C. her schoolteacher D. her brother
( )2. Rachel decided that she wanted to be a writer when ___________ .
A. she was very young B. she was in college C. she became a teacher D. she became famous
( )3. The Chinese meaning of the word “decline” in this passage is probably ____. A. 增加 B. 减少 C. 维持 D. 翻番
( )4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Rachel Carson was a careful and serious writer. B. The Sea Around Us won the National Book Award.
C. In Silent Spring Rachel said some pesticides were bad for the environment.
D. The use of DDT was stopped as soon as the book Silent Spring came out.
D．2014 南京
Mike Myers is a teacher at Chauncey Rose High School in Terre Haute, Indiana. Last year, he taught his students about the world’s rain forests.They learned that rain forests are important because the plants and animals of the rain forest give us food, wood, and medicine.
Destruction of the world’s rain forests is a serious problem.Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing at a rate of 80 acres per minute! As part of a class project, Myers’students bought three acres of rain forest in Central America.They paid $25 per acre. The students hope that the land they bought will be protected and not destroyed.The students became so interested in rain forests that they decided to get a closer look at a real rain forest.
So last June, Myers and four of his students took a boat ride down a river.They saw alligators and crocodiles.In the middle of the week, a guide took Myers and his students into the rain forest.“The monkeys were not happy that we were in their forest.They broke small branches off the trees and threw them at us,” one of the students said, “It was a great learning experience for all of us,” said Myers.
Each student chose something specific about Costa Rica to study involving the plants, animals, food, and culture.During the last few days the group had time to do fun activities.They went whitewater rafting and horseback riding, and visited Costa Rica’s active volcano.
Myers hopes to make the trip every year with a different group of kids.
( )1. How much did Myers’ students pay for the rain forest they bought? A. $25 B. $75 C. $80 D. $2000
( )2. What did Myers and his students do at the beginning of the trip?
A. They went into the rain forest. B. They bought acres of rain forest.
C. They took a boat ride down a river. D. They visited Costa Rica’s active volcano.
( )3. The word “Destruction” in paragraph 2 probably means “the process of being ______.”
A.. destroyed B. developed C. described D. discovered.
( )4. When the monkeys saw Myers and his students, they ___________.
A. felt excited B. felt angry C. jumped off the trees D. left the rain forest
( )5. The passage mainly shows that Myers and his students __________.
A. did something to protect rain forest B. wanted to buy the rain forest in Costa Rica
C. were interested in the culture of Costa Rica D. went to the rain forest for various fun activities