作 文
2001 年英语平均分52.79分。作文平均11分 作文在40-70分之间
写作课的学习方法：
八字方针：背诵——精彩词汇；精彩句型；文章里精彩的句子；万能的框架；经典范文 默写、互译、描红
一种文章只用一种写法
三个阶段：牢记、效仿、持之以恒
一、考生写作的困境及其对策
１、滔滔不绝意识流
中文： 情感分段；观点由读者领会
英文： 逻辑分段；观点由作者交待
“猴子原则”：the monkey principle ——提纲原则，注重命题的提纲
量化：２００个字，１２－１５句话
２、无话可说真难受
９１－９６年：社会性的问题 联系生活实际
３、真情流露没必要 只需要“相关”
考作文是制造一个机会展示书面表达英语的能力，应该把构思的时间降低到最低限度 ４、英语表达憋得慌
达到１２分：安全第一：句子结构，语法 简单原则：词汇
达到１７分以上：词汇多变：多使用同义词、近义词
句子结构多变：一定要有复杂的句子结构
树干：谓语部分、核心部分
刺眼的错误：１主谓一致；２动词时态；３定冠词和不定冠词
４名词单复数；５介词、副词的搭配；６拼写错误
树枝：状语从局、定语从局、非谓语从局等
绿叶：各种修饰 对每一个句子，从写作的角度，从这三个层次上用心体会每一个句子 ５、处于被动危害大：写作应是主动的，避免不利于自己的词和句
从错误中提高自己。写２００１年作文题
二、透视91年到2001年真题, 提炼重点题型, 归纳总结经典段落
１、历届真题
从９１年开始——第一次考研作文命题，基本上和托福作文命题差不多
“Where to live ,in the city or the country?”
title 开头有一句话 ：Some people think that people living in the country enjoy more advantages than those who live in the city.
outline
1.convenoences of the city
2.attractions of the country
3.disadvantages of both
4.my preference
Private Car
Nowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car if he can afford it. Outline ：
1.advantages of owning a private car
2.disadvantages of owning a private car
3.should it be necessary to enlarge the private car market? Why or why not? 如果认为不应该发展小汽车，最后一段就写不应该发展小汽车的几个理由。
如果最后一段表示支持，调整结构：
第１段写小汽车的好处
第２段写小汽车的坏处
第３段写为什么要发展小汽车
９２年——标题
For a better understanding between parent and child
1.Present situation: lack of communication between parent and child
2.possible reasons: a different likes and dislikes
b. misunderstanding
c. others
3.suggestions: a. for parents b. for children
第二段不管是单数还是复数，都应该写几个理由
第三段不管是单数还是复数，至少要写到两点
详细记录９２年提纲——经典题型之一
９３年——Advertisement on TV
1.Present state 2.Reasons 3.My comments
９４年——On making friends
1.the need for friendship（为什么要交朋友）
2.true friendship （解释性段落——十大经典段落之一）——参看９７年１月四、六级考试 写掉这三个段落 《大学英语考试高分作文》
3.my principle in making friends
９５年——The project hope
1.present situation 2.necessity of the project 3.my suggestion
９６年（不成功）——Good health
1.importance of good health 2.ways to keep fit 3.my own practice
９７年依然不成功
1.interpret the pictures
2.predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons
９８年图画作文
一只母鸡拿着一张纸，上面写着“如此承诺”——本母鸡承诺下的鸡蛋有蛋清、蛋黄、蛋壳……，旁边有一首打油诗
1.write out the message conveyed by the cartoon
2.give your comments
９９年
Directions:
1.your essay should cover these three points:
2.possible reason for the effect
3.your suggestion for wild life protection
essay:论文——introduction, body, conclusion
历史留给我们的是
１、几个经典段落 ２、outline （思路）
图画作文比较公正客观
９２年是第一个经典题型，９９年是第二个经典题型
２０００年是第３大经典题型
1.Describe the picture(描述图表——十大经典段落之一）
2.Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures（画家的意图——十大经典段落之一）
3.Suggest your countermeasures
９８年命题不成功——没有想到现实生活中人是怎么欣赏漫画的
２０００年 １、看画 ２、画家想干嘛 ３、看了画以后会要采取什么行动
A brief history of world commercial fishing
漫画不需要动很多脑筋 看漫画时不需要想太多
２０００年
As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly that with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes sharply/dramatically decreased. In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900.On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, with(but的重心在后面，with 的重心在前面） many fishing-boats. The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decreased. If we let this situation continue/go as it is, we won't know where fish is in the future. By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction.
Therefore, it is imperative for us to take effective measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a bright future.
１、本文１８５个词 ２、１２个句子 第１段３句话，５３个单词 第２段４句话，６０个单词
第３段５句话，７２个单词
提纲第一点里面要你干什么你就干什么
１。代表一种方向（问题有，又有解决问题的方案，构成整体的漫画）
Today, the earth's deserts are spreading and getting larger and desertification is a serious problem facing the world. The major reason for this is irresponsible cutting down of trees. As is shown in the first cartoon, when people cut down trees desert forces on and becomes irrepressible. 第一段就在分析原因
作文在判卷的时候注重两个方面：语言、内容
１、句子的主语和谓语是否一致 ２、时态 ３、名次的单复数
４、定冠词和不定冠词 ５、搭配 ６、单词的拼写
套用句型时要对句型部分句法结构功能特别清晰
词汇两个方面 ：１词汇面的宽度 ２词汇的难度
语法的两个原则：１语法的精确性 ２语法的复杂性
the caption =the words read 漫画中的说明文字
具体的东西抽象化，抽象的东西具体化。
As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly the relationship between people and the deserts. In the first picture, people are fleeing from greedy sand hills because they have cut down all the trees. The caption reads: As the sand advantages, we retreat in the second picture, the people have returned carrying tools, water and young trees to plant the land again. The caption reads: As we advance, the sand retreats. 描述图片
２００１年（经典题型）
１场景 ２提纲 ３图画
第１段描述图画、画家意图
第２段具体例证
第３段具体做法
２００１年大纲样题
Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies still claim that they male a valuable contribution to the world economy. There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints.
Write an essay to the newspaper
1)criticizing （评论） their view and
2)justify your stand.
In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below. You should write about 200 words on answer sheet 2.
(picture: the year 1997)
原来的经典图表题：提纲＋图表
１、描述图片
２、几个可能的理由
３、建议措施
经典题型之五：
现在的图表题：场景＋提纲＋图表
十大经典段落
１现状 ２解释性段落 ３描述性段落（图表图画） 开头段落
４原因列举（a list of reason）—— 主体段落
５举例（２００１年考研题，参看９７年１月四六级考题）
６意图分析 ７利和弊（自己总结） ——中间段落
８结尾（自己总结） ９建议措施 １０预测未来
学术性英语的功能段落 不是survival 而是academic
范文三
在写一些文章时，不可避免的会有一些核心概念。避免重复。
人口增长、野生动物、灭绝、构成危险
突出写作的语言意识。
The two charts....
increase in the U.S. population has been accompanied...
corresponding
decline
Far too many 太多的
species have been lost already 被动语态——表明立场
This poses a danger to 被……构成危险
As the human population expands, more and more wild animals are hunted for food... or because...
they are thought to...
present a threat to...
but studies show that one of the primary causes...
disappearance
this makes us wonder...
other life forms 与其他生命方式
in harmony 和睦相处
share this planet 共享这个星球
In my opinion,
it is imperative to 迫切的
In my opinion, it is imperative to take step to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts. One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction. But, more importantly, man must learn to stop polluting the environment, or he himself will become extinct.
reverse (a.)相反的(v.)逆转过来
disturbing 令人困惑的
illustrated in the charts
One measure would be to...
But ,more importantly,
forbid
extinction
stop polluting the environment
or 表示否则
１、人口增长了几次？
...the increase in the U.S. population
As the human population expands...
...population growth...
２、野生动物。
...wildlife species...
...species...
...wild animals...
...wildlife...
...other life forms...
...wild life....
３、野生动物的消亡、灭绝
...have been lost already...
...disappearance of wildlife...
...extinction.
...become extinct.
４、构成危险。
...poses a danger to...
...present a thread to...
...is threatened with...
作 文
2001 年英语平均分52.79分。作文平均11分 作文在40-70分之间
写作课的学习方法：
八字方针：背诵——精彩词汇；精彩句型；文章里精彩的句子；万能的框架；经典范文 默写、互译、描红
一种文章只用一种写法
三个阶段：牢记、效仿、持之以恒
一、考生写作的困境及其对策
１、滔滔不绝意识流
中文： 情感分段；观点由读者领会
英文： 逻辑分段；观点由作者交待
“猴子原则”：the monkey principle ——提纲原则，注重命题的提纲
量化：２００个字，１２－１５句话
２、无话可说真难受
９１－９６年：社会性的问题 联系生活实际
３、真情流露没必要 只需要“相关”
考作文是制造一个机会展示书面表达英语的能力，应该把构思的时间降低到最低限度 ４、英语表达憋得慌
达到１２分：安全第一：句子结构，语法 简单原则：词汇
达到１７分以上：词汇多变：多使用同义词、近义词
句子结构多变：一定要有复杂的句子结构
树干：谓语部分、核心部分
刺眼的错误：１主谓一致；２动词时态；３定冠词和不定冠词
４名词单复数；５介词、副词的搭配；６拼写错误
树枝：状语从局、定语从局、非谓语从局等
绿叶：各种修饰 对每一个句子，从写作的角度，从这三个层次上用心体会每一个句子 ５、处于被动危害大：写作应是主动的，避免不利于自己的词和句
从错误中提高自己。写２００１年作文题
二、透视91年到2001年真题, 提炼重点题型, 归纳总结经典段落
１、历届真题
从９１年开始——第一次考研作文命题，基本上和托福作文命题差不多
“Where to live ,in the city or the country?”
title 开头有一句话 ：Some people think that people living in the country enjoy more advantages than those who live in the city.
outline
1.convenoences of the city
2.attractions of the country
3.disadvantages of both
4.my preference
Private Car
Nowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car if he can afford it. Outline ：
1.advantages of owning a private car
2.disadvantages of owning a private car
3.should it be necessary to enlarge the private car market? Why or why not? 如果认为不应该发展小汽车，最后一段就写不应该发展小汽车的几个理由。
如果最后一段表示支持，调整结构：
第１段写小汽车的好处
第２段写小汽车的坏处
第３段写为什么要发展小汽车
９２年——标题
For a better understanding between parent and child
1.Present situation: lack of communication between parent and child
2.possible reasons: a different likes and dislikes
b. misunderstanding
c. others
3.suggestions: a. for parents b. for children
第二段不管是单数还是复数，都应该写几个理由
第三段不管是单数还是复数，至少要写到两点
详细记录９２年提纲——经典题型之一
９３年——Advertisement on TV
1.Present state 2.Reasons 3.My comments
９４年——On making friends
1.the need for friendship（为什么要交朋友）
2.true friendship （解释性段落——十大经典段落之一）——参看９７年１月四、六级考试 写掉这三个段落 《大学英语考试高分作文》
3.my principle in making friends
９５年——The project hope
1.present situation 2.necessity of the project 3.my suggestion
９６年（不成功）——Good health
1.importance of good health 2.ways to keep fit 3.my own practice
９７年依然不成功
1.interpret the pictures
2.predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons
９８年图画作文
一只母鸡拿着一张纸，上面写着“如此承诺”——本母鸡承诺下的鸡蛋有蛋清、蛋黄、蛋壳……，旁边有一首打油诗
1.write out the message conveyed by the cartoon
2.give your comments
９９年
Directions:
1.your essay should cover these three points:
2.possible reason for the effect
3.your suggestion for wild life protection
essay:论文——introduction, body, conclusion
历史留给我们的是
１、几个经典段落 ２、outline （思路）
图画作文比较公正客观
９２年是第一个经典题型，９９年是第二个经典题型
２０００年是第３大经典题型
1.Describe the picture(描述图表——十大经典段落之一）
2.Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures（画家的意图——十大经典段落之一）
3.Suggest your countermeasures
９８年命题不成功——没有想到现实生活中人是怎么欣赏漫画的
２０００年 １、看画 ２、画家想干嘛 ３、看了画以后会要采取什么行动
A brief history of world commercial fishing
漫画不需要动很多脑筋 看漫画时不需要想太多
２０００年
As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly that with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes sharply/dramatically decreased. In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900.On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, with(but的重心在后面，with 的重心在前面） many fishing-boats. The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decreased. If we let this situation continue/go as it is, we won't know where fish is in the future. By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction.
Therefore, it is imperative for us to take effective measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a bright future.
１、本文１８５个词 ２、１２个句子 第１段３句话，５３个单词 第２段４句话，６０个单词
第３段５句话，７２个单词
提纲第一点里面要你干什么你就干什么
１。代表一种方向（问题有，又有解决问题的方案，构成整体的漫画）
Today, the earth's deserts are spreading and getting larger and desertification is a serious problem facing the world. The major reason for this is irresponsible cutting down of trees. As is shown in the first cartoon, when people cut down trees desert forces on and becomes irrepressible. 第一段就在分析原因
作文在判卷的时候注重两个方面：语言、内容
１、句子的主语和谓语是否一致 ２、时态 ３、名次的单复数
４、定冠词和不定冠词 ５、搭配 ６、单词的拼写
套用句型时要对句型部分句法结构功能特别清晰
词汇两个方面 ：１词汇面的宽度 ２词汇的难度
语法的两个原则：１语法的精确性 ２语法的复杂性
the caption =the words read 漫画中的说明文字
具体的东西抽象化，抽象的东西具体化。
As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly the relationship between people and the deserts. In the first picture, people are fleeing from greedy sand hills because they have cut down all the trees. The caption reads: As the sand advantages, we retreat in the second picture, the people have returned carrying tools, water and young trees to plant the land again. The caption reads: As we advance, the sand retreats. 描述图片
２００１年（经典题型）
１场景 ２提纲 ３图画
第１段描述图画、画家意图
第２段具体例证
第３段具体做法
２００１年大纲样题
Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies still claim that they male a valuable contribution to the world economy. There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints.
Write an essay to the newspaper
1)criticizing （评论） their view and
2)justify your stand.
In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below. You should write about 200 words on answer sheet 2.
(picture: the year 1997)
原来的经典图表题：提纲＋图表
１、描述图片
２、几个可能的理由
３、建议措施
经典题型之五：
现在的图表题：场景＋提纲＋图表
十大经典段落
１现状 ２解释性段落 ３描述性段落（图表图画） 开头段落
４原因列举（a list of reason）—— 主体段落
５举例（２００１年考研题，参看９７年１月四六级考题）
６意图分析 ７利和弊（自己总结） ——中间段落
８结尾（自己总结） ９建议措施 １０预测未来
学术性英语的功能段落 不是survival 而是academic
范文三
在写一些文章时，不可避免的会有一些核心概念。避免重复。
人口增长、野生动物、灭绝、构成危险
突出写作的语言意识。
The two charts....
increase in the U.S. population has been accompanied...
corresponding
decline
Far too many 太多的
species have been lost already 被动语态——表明立场
This poses a danger to 被……构成危险
As the human population expands, more and more wild animals are hunted for food... or because...
they are thought to...
present a threat to...
but studies show that one of the primary causes...
disappearance
this makes us wonder...
other life forms 与其他生命方式
in harmony 和睦相处
share this planet 共享这个星球
In my opinion,
it is imperative to 迫切的
In my opinion, it is imperative to take step to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts. One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction. But, more importantly, man must learn to stop polluting the environment, or he himself will become extinct.
reverse (a.)相反的(v.)逆转过来
disturbing 令人困惑的
illustrated in the charts
One measure would be to...
But ,more importantly,
forbid
extinction
stop polluting the environment
or 表示否则
１、人口增长了几次？
...the increase in the U.S. population
As the human population expands...
...population growth...
２、野生动物。
...wildlife species...
...species...
...wild animals...
...wildlife...
...other life forms...
...wild life....
３、野生动物的消亡、灭绝
...have been lost already...
...disappearance of wildlife...
...extinction.
...become extinct.
４、构成危险。
...poses a danger to...
...present a thread to...
...is threatened with...