user password

网上购物平台系统作文1500字

五年级作文

版权所有,翻版必究

需求规约 (网上购物平台系统) Java 阶段项目

目 录

项目功能需求分析

系统的功能性需求说明如下

1用户登录管理

用户登录管理

用户管理模块:

1. 登录功能:管理员可以查看用户信息(姓名,,,角色)、删除用户信息、为用户指定权限角色。

显示用户信息,管理员为指定的用户指定权限。

显示角色信息。

2. 登录功能:普通用户可以查看自己的用户信息,修改自己用户信息。

3. 登录失败:可以根据用户名查看是否有这么一个用户,有,修改密码。没有,就注册。

4. 普通用户登录失败,数据库中没有此用户,可以注册成为会员。

参考代码:

select u.id,u.username,u.password,u.roleId,u.remark1,r.role,r.remark from tb_user u join tb_role r on u.roleId=r.roleId;

+----+----------+----------+--------+-------------+------------+------------------------------+

| id | username | password | roleId | remark1 | role | remark |

+----+----------+----------+--------+-------------+------------+------------------------------+

| 1 | admin | admin | 1 | NULL | 超级管理员 | 超级管理员可以进行任何操作! | | 2 | zhangsan | 123456 | 1 | NULL | 超级管理员 | 超级管理员可以进行任何操作! | | 3 | 李四 | admin123 | 3 | NULL | 一级用户3 | 操作3 | | 4 | testName | testpsw | 3 | testRemark1 | 一级用户3 | 操作3 |

| 5 | wangwu | 123456 | 3 | Remark1 | 一级用户3 | 操作3 | | 6 | 李克强a | admin123 | 4 | Remark1 | 二级用户 | 可以操作简单的功能 | | 7 | 李小明a | admin123 | 4 | Remark1 | 二级用户 | 可以操作简单的功能 | +----+----------+----------+--------+-------------+------------+------------------------------+

购物车

1. 显示商品信息(商品id ,名称,价格,类别名称)

2. 购物:id=2,手机

3. 将id=2,手机的信息添加到购物中,同时指定是哪一个用户的ID

Db_shopping数据库,表名称。

数据库表设计:

用户表:

用户角色表

商品类别表:

商品信息表:

购物车信息表:

版权所有,翻版必究

需求规约 (网上购物平台系统) Java 阶段项目

目 录

项目功能需求分析

系统的功能性需求说明如下

1用户登录管理

用户登录管理

用户管理模块:

1. 登录功能:管理员可以查看用户信息(姓名,,,角色)、删除用户信息、为用户指定权限角色。

显示用户信息,管理员为指定的用户指定权限。

显示角色信息。

2. 登录功能:普通用户可以查看自己的用户信息,修改自己用户信息。

3. 登录失败:可以根据用户名查看是否有这么一个用户,有,修改密码。没有,就注册。

4. 普通用户登录失败,数据库中没有此用户,可以注册成为会员。

参考代码:

select u.id,u.username,u.password,u.roleId,u.remark1,r.role,r.remark from tb_user u join tb_role r on u.roleId=r.roleId;

+----+----------+----------+--------+-------------+------------+------------------------------+

| id | username | password | roleId | remark1 | role | remark |

+----+----------+----------+--------+-------------+------------+------------------------------+

| 1 | admin | admin | 1 | NULL | 超级管理员 | 超级管理员可以进行任何操作! | | 2 | zhangsan | 123456 | 1 | NULL | 超级管理员 | 超级管理员可以进行任何操作! | | 3 | 李四 | admin123 | 3 | NULL | 一级用户3 | 操作3 | | 4 | testName | testpsw | 3 | testRemark1 | 一级用户3 | 操作3 |

| 5 | wangwu | 123456 | 3 | Remark1 | 一级用户3 | 操作3 | | 6 | 李克强a | admin123 | 4 | Remark1 | 二级用户 | 可以操作简单的功能 | | 7 | 李小明a | admin123 | 4 | Remark1 | 二级用户 | 可以操作简单的功能 | +----+----------+----------+--------+-------------+------------+------------------------------+

购物车

1. 显示商品信息(商品id ,名称,价格,类别名称)

2. 购物:id=2,手机

3. 将id=2,手机的信息添加到购物中,同时指定是哪一个用户的ID

Db_shopping数据库,表名称。

数据库表设计:

用户表:

用户角色表

商品类别表:

商品信息表:

购物车信息表:

网络犯罪系列作文作文6200字

六年级作文

网络犯罪

1

Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere, with a few clicks, committing all kinds of cyber crimes. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property. Others subvert deals, snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce. Still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these hackers do a great damage to companies and computer users, causing computer losses up to 10 billion dollars per year.

Naturally, there are many causes for the cyber crimes. In addition to the wicked nature of the hackers, the nature of Internet partially nourish the crimes. Just because there are holes in Internet, the complex software is buggy and often infested, the cyber vandals can find out the weakness in the Website software programs and IV manipulating software glitches, gain access to Website, committing all kinds of crimes.

However, we shouldn't tolerate these cyber criminals any more. And it's high time for us to take all the effective steps to battle the cyber crooks. First we should reinforce the cyber laws to protect the Web, the powerful engine of economy. Besides, we should use high techniques to improve intrusion detection and computer security. Finally, we should train more talented people to build up more firewalls so as to make the net immune to all kinds of viruses and unalienable to all kinds of cyber criminals.

Cyber Crimes

网络犯罪 2

With the popularization of Internet, cyber crimes have become a serious problem facing us. Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on the Internet. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property, others snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce, and still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses.

However, we shouldn’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more. It’s high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes. First, we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly. Moreover, we should develop high techniques as soon as possible to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes. Besides, more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the net immune to all kinds of viruses.

As college students, we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes. For one thing, we should not use others’ computers unless we get permission. For another, we should be honest to others on the Internet and not release or spread unreal information. In a word, it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes.

Registering Online with Real Names

1. 目前网络游戏等领域开始实行网络实名制

2. 对于网络实名制,有人赞成,也有人反对

3. 你的看法

【范文】

Registering Online with Real Names

Online gamers in China will have to begin registering with their real names due to the new government regulations. Netizens may no longer post their comments on websites anonymously either. Because authorities will implement the real-name registration in communication sectors of cyberspace, such as bulletin board system,also known as BBS in short.

The new regulations have provoked different reactions from the public. Some people say that they will benefit the healthy and orderly development of China’s Internet, e.g. protecting minors from Internet addiction and helping prevent irresponsible expression online. Others, however, oppose the regulations. They are concerned about web users’ private information and personal safety.

Personally, I think we should treat online real-name registration separately. For example, it’s necessary to use your real name on games or shopping websites. But online forums are designed to encourage web users to express their views freely. If required to use real names on bulletin boards, web users may not feel free to express their real thoughts.

Stepping Away from On-line Games

Nowadays, more and more college students are addicted to online games. Those games may be funny and exciting, but are very harmful to those addicts.

In my opinions, there are many disadvantages of game addition. Firstly, online games take up a lot of players’ time for study. Many of the addicts found themselves forced to drop out of school for academic performance. Secondly, addicts tend to isolate themselves from the reality. What’s worse, indulging in the virtual world for a long time, they are more liable to suffer mental problems and physical collapse. Thirdly, players are exposed to too much violent and unhealthy material, which is definitely harmful to their growth.

In short, I cannot see any benefits from online games. Study should be the primary concern of college students. Therefore, I do hope they can step away from online games.

Is It Advisable to Look for Friends on Internet网络交友

With the development of internet technology, internet has been replacing the way that we communicate by letter. And, it is also a trend to tell troubles to others, because of the high life speed and stress.

Someone enjoy making friends on internet. Firstly, internet makes the world smaller, you can make friends from all over the world. That is interesting. Secondly, it is a good way to release pressure, if you have something that you don not want to talk to your friends around you, you can talk to your strange friends on internet. Thirdly, it is obviously faster, easier and cheaper than letters or other old communication. Last but not the least, making friends on internet adapts to the modern life. But, someone has the opposite view on looking for friends on internet. They think there exist many cheats, unhealthy things on internet, we can list many examples. And, you can not really know a person just by communication on internet. Even worse, somebody may be drunk in making friends on internet, which is harmful to our mental and body health.

So, in my opinion, everything has two sides, it is very important that the way we take use of internet. I think that making friends on internet is a good way for us to make progress, learn new

things, and so on. However, we should understand clearly what is right and what is not. Then, the most important thing is to take care, as the old saying goes, it is not brilliant to judge someone by appearance.

网络犯罪

1

Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere, with a few clicks, committing all kinds of cyber crimes. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property. Others subvert deals, snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce. Still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these hackers do a great damage to companies and computer users, causing computer losses up to 10 billion dollars per year.

Naturally, there are many causes for the cyber crimes. In addition to the wicked nature of the hackers, the nature of Internet partially nourish the crimes. Just because there are holes in Internet, the complex software is buggy and often infested, the cyber vandals can find out the weakness in the Website software programs and IV manipulating software glitches, gain access to Website, committing all kinds of crimes.

However, we shouldn't tolerate these cyber criminals any more. And it's high time for us to take all the effective steps to battle the cyber crooks. First we should reinforce the cyber laws to protect the Web, the powerful engine of economy. Besides, we should use high techniques to improve intrusion detection and computer security. Finally, we should train more talented people to build up more firewalls so as to make the net immune to all kinds of viruses and unalienable to all kinds of cyber criminals.

Cyber Crimes

网络犯罪 2

With the popularization of Internet, cyber crimes have become a serious problem facing us. Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on the Internet. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property, others snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce, and still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses.

However, we shouldn’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more. It’s high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes. First, we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly. Moreover, we should develop high techniques as soon as possible to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes. Besides, more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the net immune to all kinds of viruses.

As college students, we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes. For one thing, we should not use others’ computers unless we get permission. For another, we should be honest to others on the Internet and not release or spread unreal information. In a word, it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes.

Registering Online with Real Names

1. 目前网络游戏等领域开始实行网络实名制

2. 对于网络实名制,有人赞成,也有人反对

3. 你的看法

【范文】

Registering Online with Real Names

Online gamers in China will have to begin registering with their real names due to the new government regulations. Netizens may no longer post their comments on websites anonymously either. Because authorities will implement the real-name registration in communication sectors of cyberspace, such as bulletin board system,also known as BBS in short.

The new regulations have provoked different reactions from the public. Some people say that they will benefit the healthy and orderly development of China’s Internet, e.g. protecting minors from Internet addiction and helping prevent irresponsible expression online. Others, however, oppose the regulations. They are concerned about web users’ private information and personal safety.

Personally, I think we should treat online real-name registration separately. For example, it’s necessary to use your real name on games or shopping websites. But online forums are designed to encourage web users to express their views freely. If required to use real names on bulletin boards, web users may not feel free to express their real thoughts.

Stepping Away from On-line Games

Nowadays, more and more college students are addicted to online games. Those games may be funny and exciting, but are very harmful to those addicts.

In my opinions, there are many disadvantages of game addition. Firstly, online games take up a lot of players’ time for study. Many of the addicts found themselves forced to drop out of school for academic performance. Secondly, addicts tend to isolate themselves from the reality. What’s worse, indulging in the virtual world for a long time, they are more liable to suffer mental problems and physical collapse. Thirdly, players are exposed to too much violent and unhealthy material, which is definitely harmful to their growth.

In short, I cannot see any benefits from online games. Study should be the primary concern of college students. Therefore, I do hope they can step away from online games.

Is It Advisable to Look for Friends on Internet网络交友

With the development of internet technology, internet has been replacing the way that we communicate by letter. And, it is also a trend to tell troubles to others, because of the high life speed and stress.

Someone enjoy making friends on internet. Firstly, internet makes the world smaller, you can make friends from all over the world. That is interesting. Secondly, it is a good way to release pressure, if you have something that you don not want to talk to your friends around you, you can talk to your strange friends on internet. Thirdly, it is obviously faster, easier and cheaper than letters or other old communication. Last but not the least, making friends on internet adapts to the modern life. But, someone has the opposite view on looking for friends on internet. They think there exist many cheats, unhealthy things on internet, we can list many examples. And, you can not really know a person just by communication on internet. Even worse, somebody may be drunk in making friends on internet, which is harmful to our mental and body health.

So, in my opinion, everything has two sides, it is very important that the way we take use of internet. I think that making friends on internet is a good way for us to make progress, learn new

things, and so on. However, we should understand clearly what is right and what is not. Then, the most important thing is to take care, as the old saying goes, it is not brilliant to judge someone by appearance.

2326配置参数sysname HY作文2400字

初三作文

sysname HY_ChuJihg_S2326 #

vlan batch 1 310 3865

#

bpdu enable

#

cluster enable

ntdp enable

ntdp hop 16

ndp enable

#

interface Vlanif310

ip address 10.40.9.198 255.255.255.252 #

interface Ethernet0/0/1

port default vlan 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/2

port default vlan 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/3

port default vlan 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/4

port default vlan 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/5

port default vlan 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/6

port default vlan 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/7 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/8 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/9 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/10 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/11 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/12 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/13 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/14 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/15 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/16 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/17 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/18 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/19 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/20 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/21 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/22 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/23 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/24 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

port link-type trunk

port trunk allow-pass vlan 310 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2

port link-type trunk

port trunk allow-pass vlan 31 310 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface NULL0

#

aaa

authentication-scheme default

#

authorization-scheme default

#

accounting-scheme default

#

domain default

#

#

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.40.9.93

#

user-interface con 0

user-interface vty 0 4

user privilege level 3

set authentication password cipher TEQ#@MD]@<+Q=^Q`MAF4<1!! #

return

sysname HY_ChuJihg_S2326 #

vlan batch 1 310 3865

#

bpdu enable

#

cluster enable

ntdp enable

ntdp hop 16

ndp enable

#

interface Vlanif310

ip address 10.40.9.198 255.255.255.252 #

interface Ethernet0/0/1

port default vlan 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/2

port default vlan 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/3

port default vlan 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/4

port default vlan 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/5

port default vlan 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/6

port default vlan 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/7 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/8 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/9 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/10 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/11 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/12 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/13 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/14 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/15 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable

#

interface Ethernet0/0/16 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/17 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/18 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/19 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/20 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/21 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/22 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/23 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable ndp enable #

interface Ethernet0/0/24 port default vlan 3865 ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

port link-type trunk

port trunk allow-pass vlan 310 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2

port link-type trunk

port trunk allow-pass vlan 31 310 3865

ntdp enable

ndp enable

#

interface NULL0

#

aaa

authentication-scheme default

#

authorization-scheme default

#

accounting-scheme default

#

domain default

#

#

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.40.9.93

#

user-interface con 0

user-interface vty 0 4

user privilege level 3

set authentication password cipher TEQ#@MD]@<+Q=^Q`MAF4<1!! #

return

热点作文3作文1700字

初三作文

热点作文3

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cyber Crimes. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1)随着互联网的普及和应用,网络犯罪开始摆在世人面前

2)应该如何来打击和预防网络犯罪越来越成为人们必须要解决的一个难题

3)作为大学生,你应该怎么做?

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点提出一个问题,提纲第2点指出解决该问题的紧迫性,提纲第3点要求谈谈大学生应该如何应对该问题,由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述网络犯罪出现的背景及问题现状;指出解决网络犯罪问题的紧迫型,说明解决办法;从大学生的角度谈谈应该如何应对网络犯罪。

【参考范文】

Cyber Crimes

With the popularization of Internet, cyber crimes have become a serious problem facing us. Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on the Internet. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property, others snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce, and still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses.

However, we shouldn ’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more. It ’s high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes. First, we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly. Moreover, we should develop high techniques as soon as possible to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes. Besides, more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the net immune to all kinds of viruses.

As college students, we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes. For one thing, we should not use others ’ computers unless we get permission. For another, we should be honest to others on the Internet and not release or spread unreal information. In a word, it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes.

热点作文3

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cyber Crimes. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1)随着互联网的普及和应用,网络犯罪开始摆在世人面前

2)应该如何来打击和预防网络犯罪越来越成为人们必须要解决的一个难题

3)作为大学生,你应该怎么做?

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点提出一个问题,提纲第2点指出解决该问题的紧迫性,提纲第3点要求谈谈大学生应该如何应对该问题,由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述网络犯罪出现的背景及问题现状;指出解决网络犯罪问题的紧迫型,说明解决办法;从大学生的角度谈谈应该如何应对网络犯罪。

【参考范文】

Cyber Crimes

With the popularization of Internet, cyber crimes have become a serious problem facing us. Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on the Internet. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property, others snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce, and still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses.

However, we shouldn ’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more. It ’s high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes. First, we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly. Moreover, we should develop high techniques as soon as possible to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes. Besides, more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the net immune to all kinds of viruses.

As college students, we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes. For one thing, we should not use others ’ computers unless we get permission. For another, we should be honest to others on the Internet and not release or spread unreal information. In a word, it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes.

UniDAC使用日记作文13700字

四年级作文

UniDAC 使用日记

1. UniQuery默认状态为行提交,使用前根据需要设置readonly 或cachedupdates 属性

2. UniQuery.Filter默认大小写区分,请注意设置FilterOptions 属性([foCaseInsensitive]),TVirtualtable 也存在相同情况

3. UniQuery默认情况下,有些varchar 类型的字段有自动加了一个空格,请注意设置Options.TrimVarChar=true

4. UniQuery在进行Insert 时,若字段不能为null 且前台操作未填写时,可能会报错,请设置RequiredFields=true

5. UniQuery在修改数据集时,默认的方式是按关键字生成SQL 语句进行数据提交。还有另外两种方式:一是设置updateSQL ,一是设置KeyFields (具体请sql 跟踪查看)

6. UniQuery的数据排序属性是IndexFieldNames

7. 数据提交的顺序,一定要注意:

with MyQuery do

begin

Session.StartTransaction;

try

... {Modify data}

ApplyUpdates; {try to write the updates to the database}

Session.Commit; {on success, commit the changes}

except

RestoreUpdates; {restore update result for applied records}

Session.Rollback; {on failure, undo the changes}

raise; {raise the exception to prevent a call to CommitUpdates!}

end;

CommitUpdates; {on success, clear the cache}

end;

对于单数据集的提交:

MyQuery. ApplyUpdates;

MyQuery. CommitUpdates;

8. DataM中提供了一个功能Clone(Source, Dest):一、Dest 是TVirtualTable ,则完整的将源数据集复制;二、Dest 是UniQuery ,则是将Source 的SQL 复制到Dest ,并Open

9. UniQuery.SetReadOnly属性说明

1) 我们经常会用到多表关联,且需要在前台修改数据。举个例子:a 表和b 表,在前台两个表字段都需要修改,则需要将SetReadOnly 设置成false

2) 特别注意:若将一个UniQuery.SetReadOnly 设置成true ,而这个表有一个自增长ID ,那么你在提交数据时会出错,跟踪SQL 会发现,ID 被前台前行传了一个null 值

10.UniQuery. RefreshRecord,可以刷新当前选择的数据

11.我们经常会在UniQuery 的SQL 定义一些参数,在传参时,需要特别注意,例如: QExec.Close;

QExec.SQL.Text:= ‘select * from YHB where sYHBH=:P_YHBH’;

在传参时有两种写法

1) 最稳妥的写法

QExec. ParamByName(‘P_YHBH’).DataType:= ftString;

QExec. ParamByName(‘P_YHBH’).ParamType:= ptInPut;

QExec. ParamByName(‘P_YHBH’).AsString:= ‘张三’;(此处可将AsString 换成Value)

2) 下面这个写法我做了简单测试,也是可以的,但对复杂的SQL 传参是否正确,未知

QExec. ParamByName(‘P_YHBH’).AsString:= ‘张三’;(在不对参数的数据类型和传入传出类型进行指定的情况下,绝对不能使用Value)

UniDAC 的过程中一定要注意,在DataM 中提供了一个函数PrepareParam ,请注意看一下。 在ADO

12.Sybase 的一个特性

update a set a.fSJ=b.fSJ

from table1 a join table2 b on a.sYPBSM=b.sYPBSM

上述SQL 语句在Sybase 下执行不能通过,请改写成如下SQL(在MS 和ASE 中都能执行通过)

update table1 set fSJ=b.fSJ

from table1 a join table2 b on a.sYPBSM=b.sYPBSM

UniDAC 官方网址:

一、连接数据库Connecting to Database

1、 通用连接属性

● Provider

第一个就应该设置的属性,指定要连接的数据库类型,根据指定的数据库连接类型不同其它的设置也会发生相应的变化;

● Username and Password

登录数据的有效用户名和密码;

Server

通常将此设成要连接数据库所在的计算机名或IP 地址,如果将此属性设置为空,对于MySQL, InterBase连接数据库方式, UniDAC 将试图连接本地(Localhost)。

Oracle:

客户端模式下,指定的Server 名称一定要出现在tnsnames.ora 中,且有效,设置效果如下:

with UniConnection1 do

begin

ProviderName := 'Oracle';

Server := 'ORCL';

Username := 'username';

Password := 'password';

end;

直连模式(Direct mode)下:在此模式下,运行软件的计算机可以不安装Oracle 客户端而连接Oracle 数据库,但要做以下设置:

1) 设置直连模式

2) 设置Server

指定Server 格式:Host:Port:SID.

注:客户端模式和直连模式的设置不能混淆,否则无法执行。两种格式严格区分。

效果如下:

with UniConnection1 do

begin

ProviderName := 'Oracle';

Server := '192.168.1.113:1521:ORCL';

Username := ' Username ';

Password := ' Password 3';

end;

SQL Server:

指定要连接的数据库所在的网络IP ,且有效,如果采用的不是默认端口(1433),Server应该这样设置:HostName,PortNumber .

● Database

这个属性只对SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, InterBase, and SQLite 连接方式有效, ●

指定TCP/IP协议访问的有效端口

MySQL – 默认端口 3306

PostgreSQL -默认端口5432

二、UniDAC (版本:2.7)连接数据库必要文件或局限需求

1、Oracle 连接

Oracle 在采用直连模式将受到以下限制:

特别要注意的是(包括:应用TUniLoader ) :

1) 、应用直连模式,本地执行程序的客户机必须要安装TCP/IP协议

2) 、注意防火墙

3) 、数据库的triggers 、check constraints 、clustered tables 、loading of remote objects 、user-defined types将得不到支持

4) 、available, like OBJECT, ARRAY, REF, XML, BINARY_DOUBLE, BINARY_FLOAT这些类型将变为不可用

5) 、TUniLoader 的应用版本应高于Oracle client 8.17

以下是英文原文:

triggers are not supported ●

check constraints are not supported ●

referential integrity constraints are not supported ●

clustered tables are not supported ●

loading of remote objects is not supported ●

user-defined types are not supported ●

LOBs must be specified after all scalar columns ●

LONGs must be specified last ● You cannot use TUniLoader in a threaded OCI environment with Oracle client 8.17 or

lower.

● Connect using the TCP/IP network protocol only.

● Some types are not available, like OBJECT, ARRAY, REF, XML, BINARY_DOUBLE,

BINARY_FLOAT.

● Certain problems may occur when using firewalls.

● NLS conversion on the client side is not supported.

● Transparent Application Failover is not supported.

● Statement caching is not available.

● OS authentication and changing expired passwords features are not available.

● The DES authentication is used.

● Oracle Advanced Security is not supported.

● We do not guarantee stability of multithreaded applications. It is highly recommended to

use the separate TUniConnection component for each thread when using UniDAC from different threads.

2、 SQL Server连接

1) 提供连接支持

服务端: SQL Server 2005 (including Compact and Express editions), SQL Server 2000, SQL Server 7, and MSDE.

客户端: SQL OLE DB and SQL Native Client.

2) 环境需求

MDAC (Microsoft Data Access Components)版本不低于2.5

3、 My SQL连接

My SQL提供的连接也包括直连和客户端连接方式,默认采用的是直连方式,如果要更改连接方式,在应用程序分发时要带上libmysqld.dll

二、Delphi 与各数据库数据类型比较

Delphi 数据类型与各数据库数据类型对比如下表,如有具体说明见表中脚注:

Delphi Type Oracle Types SQL Server

Types MySQL Types InterBase Types PostgreS QL Types SQLite Types

ftSmallin t NUMBER(p, 0) [2] (p < 5) SMALLINT TINYINT(M) (M > 1) SMALLINT SMALLIN T SMALLIN T TINYINT SMALLIN T

ftWord - TINYINT TINYINT(M) - - -

UNSIGNED (M > 1) SMALLINT UNSIGNED YEAR

ftInteger NUMBER(p,

0) [2] (4 < p < 10)

INT

MEDIUMIN T

MEDIUMIN T UNSIGNED INT

INTEGER INTEGER

INTEGER

INT ftLargein t NUMBER(p, 0) [2]

(9 < p <

19)

BIGINT

BIT INT

UNSIGNED

BIGINT BIGINT UNSIGNED

BIGINT BIGINT BIGINT

ftFloat

NUMBER(p, s) [2]

BINARY

FLOAT(FLO

AT)

BINARY DOUBLE

DECIMAL(p,

s) [3]

FLOAT

REAL

DECIMAL(p, s)[3] FLOAT DOUBLE NUMBER(p, s)[3] FLOAT DOUBLE PRECISI ON DECIMAL

[3]

REAL DOUBLE PRECISI

ON

DECIMAL

(p, s)[3] FLOAT DOUBLE PRECISI ON

ftBCD

NUMBER(p, s) [2] (p < 15) and (s < 5) DECIMAL(p,

s) [3]

(p < 15) and (s < 5)

DECIMAL(p, s)[3] (p < 15) and (s < 5) DECIMAL

(p, s)[3] (p < 15) and (s <

5)

DECIMAL [3] DECIMAL [

3]

ftFMTBcd NUMBER(p, s) [2] (14 < p < 39) and> (4 < s < 39) DECIMAL(p, s) (14 < p < 39) and (4 < s < 39) DECIMAL(p, s)[3] (14 < p < 39) and (4 < s < 39) DECIMAL

(p, s)[3] (14 < p < 19) and (4 < s < 19) DECIMAL [3] DECIMAL [

3]

ftCurrenc y -

MONEY

SMALLMONEY

- - MONEY MONEY

ftBoolean - BIT

TINYINT [4]

BOOL [4] BOOLEAN [4

]

BOOLEAN BOOLEAN BOOLEAN

ftString

VARCHAR2 NVARCHAR2 VARCHAR CHAR NCHAR RAW [5]

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND INTERVAL DAY TO MONTH ROWID UROWID CHAR

VARCHAR CHAR

VARCHAR ENUM

SET

BINARY [6] VARBINAR Y [6]

CHAR VARCHAR CHAR VARCHAR CHAR

VARCHAR

ftWideStr ing See note [7] NCHAR NVARCHAR

See note [7] [7]

See

note

[7] See note [7]

ftMemo

LONG

Also see

note [8]

TEXT

NTEXT [9]

TINYTEXT TEXT

MEDIUMTE

XT

LONGTEXT

BLOB

TEXT

TEXT

TEXT CLOB

ftWideMem o See

note[10] NTEXT [11]

See

note[10]

See note[10] See note[10] See

note[10

] ftOraClob

CLOB NCLOB -

-

-

-

-

ftBlob LONG RAW IMAGE

TINYBLOB

BLOB MEDIUMBL OB LONGBLOB Spatial Data Types BLOB

BINARY BYTEA BLOB

ftOraBlob BLOB -

- - LARGE

OBJECT -

ftBytes

-

BINARY TIMESTAMP BINARY

-

- - ftVarByte RAW

VARBINARY

VARBINAR CHAR

-

BINARY

s Y

VARCHAR (CHARSET = OCTETS) VARBINA RY

ftDate

-

-

DATE

DATE

DATE

DATE

ftDateTim

e DATE

DATE

DATETIME

TIMESTA MP TIMESTA MP TIMESTA

MP

DATETIM

E ftTime

-

-

TIME

TIME

TIME

TIME

ftTimeSta mp TIMESTAMP

TIMESTAMP

WITH

TIMEZONE -

- - - -

ftCursor REF CURSOR - - - REFCURS

OR -

ftGuid

-

UNIQUEIDENTI

FIER

-

- - - ftVariant - SQL_VARIANT - -

-

-

NOT

SUPPORTED

BFILE

OBJECT

XML

CURSOR XML TABLE

- - - -

[1] – 如果FieldsAsString 选项被设置 True ,则除BLOB 和TEXT 数据类型外,全部做为ftString 来处理

[2] – Oracle NUMBER数据类型与Delphi 数据类型对应方式:

if scale equals zero, provider checks values of the specific options to choose the correct Delphi type in the following order:

1.1 field precision is less or equal Precision Smallint (default is 4) - uses ftSmallint; 1.2 field precision is less or equal Precision Integer (default is 9) - uses ftInteger; 1.3 field precision is less or equal Precision LargeInt (default is 18) - uses ftLargeint;

if scale is greater than zero, the appropriate Delphi type is chosen using the following sequence of rules:.

2.1 field precision is less or equal PrecisionFloat (default is 0) - uses ftFloat;

2.2 EnableBCD is True and field precision, scale is less or equal PrecisionBCD (default is 14,4) - uses ftBCD;

2.3 EnableFMTBCD is True and field precision, scale is less or equal PrecisionFMTBCD (default is 38,38) - uses ftFMTBCD;

2.4 uses ftFloat.

[3] - The appropriate Delphi type is chosen using the following sequence of rules:

EnableBCD is True and field precision, scale is less or equal 14,4 - uses ftBCD;

EnableFMTBCD is True - uses ftFMTBCD;

uses ftFloat.

[4] - If the EnableBoolean option is True

[5] - If the RawAsString option is True

[6] - If the BinaryAsString is True

[7] - If the UseUnicode option is True, all server types mapped to ftString will be mapped to ftWideString.

[8] - If the LongStrings option is False, and the field length is greater than 255, all server types mapped to ftString will be mapped to ftMemo.

[9] - For all Delphi versions prior to BDS 2006.

[10] - If the UseUnicode option is True, in BDS 2006 and later versions all server types mapped to ftMemo will be mapped to ftWideMemo.

[11] - For BDS 2006 and higher IDE versions.

三、UniDAC 更新数据

1、数据自动更新

TUniTable 、TUniQuery 和TUniStoredProc 是用来检索和编辑数据的UniDAC 控件,

四、主从关系表

五、存储过程

1、TUniConnection, TUniSQL, TUniQuery, TUniStoredProc均可以执行存储过程。 TUniConnection :

是一种最简单的执行存储过程的控件,但他有很多限制。TUniConnection 不能具有SQL 、存储过程名和参数,不支持输出参数也不支持存储执行的预准备。当然,如果只是运行一个既没有返回也没有输出参数设置,那TUniConnection 是一个不错的选择。

TUniSQL :

TUniSQL 是一个被分离出的小控件,执行SQL 语句但不返回结果集。它没有数据存储,但要消耗一些内存,但比TUniQuery 和TUniStoredProc 的执行速度快。

TUniQuery :

TUniQuery 除具有TUniSQL 的执行功能外,还能返回结果集。

TUniStoredProc :

TUniStoredProc 是专门用来执行存储过程的一个控件,可以返回结果集、输出参数、执行准备以及通过CreateProcCall 方法初始化等。

2、 参数类型

UniDAC 支持四种参数类型:input, output, input/output, result

六、事务处理

TUniConnection 通过StartTransaction, Commit, Rollback等方法来控制本地事务,判断一个事务是否开启用InTransaction 。

七、控件详解

1、TUniConnection

建立和控件数据连接的控件,能访问的数据库包括:Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, InterBase, Firebird, 和PostgreSQL.

虽然UniDAC 对不同的数据库提供了统一的访问接口,但是对个别数据库还是要进行一些特殊的设置,这些设置是一个字符串列表,你可以按以下代码进行设置: UniConnection.SpecificOptions.Values['CharLength'] := '1';

1、

Oracle

多线程下使用使用 UniDAC+MSSQL

ADO 线程不安全,UniDAC 在使用MSSQL 也是如此。其实这是微软COM 问题,不怪Devart 公司。

一般解决方法是在线程开始启用 CoInitialize(nil),线程结束调用 CoUninitialize 。如果你使用多种数据库连接,比如三层中经常切换到MSSQL 和Oracle ,我们只需在判断 TUniConnection 的连接前事件 OnBeforeConnect 写下如下代码:

procedure TServDBFunc.ServConnBeforeConnect(Sender: TObject);

begin

if (ServConn <> nil) and SameText(ServConn.ProviderName,'SQL Server');then CoInitialize(nil);

end;

在TUniConnection 的关闭连接后事件 OnAfterDisconnect 写下如下代码:

procedure TServDBFunc.ServConnAfterDisconnect(Sender: TObject);

begin

if (ServConn <> nil) and SameText(ServConn.ProviderName,'SQL Server');then CoUninitialize;

end;

需要注意的是,必须先判断连接控件 (ServConn <> nil) 是否为空,否则,你会陷入指针释放的问题。

unit Unit1;

interface

uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, Grids, DBGrids, DB, DBAccess, Uni, MemDS, UniProvider, InterBaseUniProvider;

type

TForm1 = class(TForm)

UniConnTest: TUniConnection;//用于数据库的连接

InterBaseUniProTest: TInterBaseUniProvider;//ib/FB的数据提供

UniQryTest: TUniQuery;

UniDataSrTest: TUniDataSource;

DBGrid1: TDBGrid;

Button1: TButton;

Button2: TButton;

procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);

private

{ Private declarations }

public

{ Public declarations }

end;

var

Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

begin

with UniConnTest do

begin

ProviderName := 'interbase';//这里确定为interbase 但是可以支持firebird

Password := 'masterkey';//数据库密码

Username := 'sysdba';//数据库密码

Server := '';

Database := 'TD_HOUSE.FDB';//数据库文件的位置,这里在当前目录 SpecificOptions.Clear;

SpecificOptions.Add('InterBase.ClientLClientLClientLClientLibraryibraryibraryibrary=fbembed.dll');

//设置设置设置设置embeddll 驱动位置

SpecificOptions.Add('InterBase.CharLength=0')

;//设置设置设置设置为0让,

unidacunidacunidacunidac 自动读取fb 设置设置设置设置 SpecificOptions.Add('SQLDialet=3');

//设置设置设置设置为3

SpecificOptions.Add('USEUnicode=true');//迟滞unicode 有人说有问题 我没有发现 try

Connect;

ShowMessage('OK');

except

ShowMessage('eer');

end;

end;

end;

procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);

begin

UniQryTest.Close;

UniQryTest.SQL.Text := 'select * from TB_SYS_LOG'; //

UniQryTest.FetchingAll;

UniQryTest.DisableControls;

UniQryTest.Open;

UniQryTest.EnableControls;

end;

end.

有网友问我常用的控件及功能。我先大概整理一下,以后会在文章里面碰到时再仔细介绍。 Devexpress VCL 这个基本上覆盖了系统界面及数据库展示的方方面面,是做桌面系统必备的一套控件,目前的版本是2011.2.3, 支持win32 及win64。

AutoUpgrader 这个是自动更新的一个小控件,适合桌面程序自动更新,但是自从2007 年后,就没有更新了,我对其进行了修改,使其可以安装在delphi XE2 上, 同时支持win64。

Devart 公司出品的UniDAC,ODAC,SDAC,IBDAC, 这几个是目前delphi 数据库存取最好的控件,UniDAC 几乎支持所有的数据库存取,而后面几个则是针对每种 提供专用的访问和控制功能,尤其是ODAC ,可以直接使用TCP/IP 连接oracle ,免去安装Oracle 客户端的麻烦,非常适合各种场合应用(在xe2 里面,已经可以直接支持用 Iphone 访问oracle 了)。

Advanced Data Export 和 Advanced Data Import 这是EMS 公司出品的数据导入、导出控件,几乎可以导入、导出常用的各种数据格式,是数据库转换和备份的必备控件。

NativeXml 是生成和解析XML 文件及格式一个非可视控件(使用时,直接引用单元), 是一个轻量级的xml 解析器,支持windows 和linux, 以前是收费的,

现在是开源了(唉,可惜我当时的银子了)。

Paxcompiler 是目前最快的,最稳定的Pascal 脚本解析器,我前面介绍的delphi web 脚本就是使用它做解释器的,目前还不支持win64, 据作者说今年元月底就会支持win64.

kbmMW 是目前唯一与Remobjects 并驾齐驱的delphi 多层解决方案, 比Remobjects 紧凑、便宜,但是功能绝不输给Remobjects 。我后面后介绍使用kbmMW 实现各种多层应用。

TeeChart Pro 在delphi 的图形显示方面目前唯一的选择,虽然从delphi 3 就随delphi 捆绑发布,但是捆绑的是标准版,很多功能都不全,要展示各种绚丽的统计、分析功能,

还是要用专业版(呵呵,领导们都是喜欢这个的)。最新的TeeChart Pro 已经支持firemonkey 了(兼容性还有点问题),你可以把pc 上的绚丽图形放到Iphone 上了。 从 Delphi 1 开始,delphi 每个版本都会有报表工具,但是每次自带的报表工具都相当不给力,几乎没有人使用,因此出现了几个非常不错的第三方报表工具,例如Reportbuilder,

Fastreport 等,由于今年出的delphi xe2 开始捆绑Fastreport 标准版,同时Reportbuilder 的价格高的离谱,而且fastreport 确实非常不错,建议报表工具还是用Fastreport.

Delphi 目前应该还是windows 平台非常强的开发工具,因此经常会用来写

windows 服务,虽然Delphi 本身支持winservice 的开发,但是功能也就是能开发而已,要开发专业的

winservice , 还是要用Svcom , 这个可以像普通程序一样调试服务程序,同时支持 界面和服务在同一个程序里面,调试、配置、安装都非常方便。

这几年随着web 技术的发展,各种JS 框架越来越多,与delphi 后台结合,基本上都需要使用JSON 格式,delphi XE 开始支持JSON ,但是个人认为语法复杂,理解困难,

幸好有开源的Super Object Toolkit,非常直观和简单,在服务器端运行也非常稳定,我上面的文章也有介绍。

以上就基本上是我常用的控件,当然还有些控件由于比较偏,就不再做介绍了。我个人的原则是只要有现成的控件,我不会再去做类似的,毕竟个人精力和能力有限,而人家专业做控件的,

无论从质量和功能上都有保证,同时只要是正版用户,作者都会很及时的修改bug 的,自己把精力放到实现第三方无法实现的地方就可以了

UniDAC 使用日记

1. UniQuery默认状态为行提交,使用前根据需要设置readonly 或cachedupdates 属性

2. UniQuery.Filter默认大小写区分,请注意设置FilterOptions 属性([foCaseInsensitive]),TVirtualtable 也存在相同情况

3. UniQuery默认情况下,有些varchar 类型的字段有自动加了一个空格,请注意设置Options.TrimVarChar=true

4. UniQuery在进行Insert 时,若字段不能为null 且前台操作未填写时,可能会报错,请设置RequiredFields=true

5. UniQuery在修改数据集时,默认的方式是按关键字生成SQL 语句进行数据提交。还有另外两种方式:一是设置updateSQL ,一是设置KeyFields (具体请sql 跟踪查看)

6. UniQuery的数据排序属性是IndexFieldNames

7. 数据提交的顺序,一定要注意:

with MyQuery do

begin

Session.StartTransaction;

try

... {Modify data}

ApplyUpdates; {try to write the updates to the database}

Session.Commit; {on success, commit the changes}

except

RestoreUpdates; {restore update result for applied records}

Session.Rollback; {on failure, undo the changes}

raise; {raise the exception to prevent a call to CommitUpdates!}

end;

CommitUpdates; {on success, clear the cache}

end;

对于单数据集的提交:

MyQuery. ApplyUpdates;

MyQuery. CommitUpdates;

8. DataM中提供了一个功能Clone(Source, Dest):一、Dest 是TVirtualTable ,则完整的将源数据集复制;二、Dest 是UniQuery ,则是将Source 的SQL 复制到Dest ,并Open

9. UniQuery.SetReadOnly属性说明

1) 我们经常会用到多表关联,且需要在前台修改数据。举个例子:a 表和b 表,在前台两个表字段都需要修改,则需要将SetReadOnly 设置成false

2) 特别注意:若将一个UniQuery.SetReadOnly 设置成true ,而这个表有一个自增长ID ,那么你在提交数据时会出错,跟踪SQL 会发现,ID 被前台前行传了一个null 值

10.UniQuery. RefreshRecord,可以刷新当前选择的数据

11.我们经常会在UniQuery 的SQL 定义一些参数,在传参时,需要特别注意,例如: QExec.Close;

QExec.SQL.Text:= ‘select * from YHB where sYHBH=:P_YHBH’;

在传参时有两种写法

1) 最稳妥的写法

QExec. ParamByName(‘P_YHBH’).DataType:= ftString;

QExec. ParamByName(‘P_YHBH’).ParamType:= ptInPut;

QExec. ParamByName(‘P_YHBH’).AsString:= ‘张三’;(此处可将AsString 换成Value)

2) 下面这个写法我做了简单测试,也是可以的,但对复杂的SQL 传参是否正确,未知

QExec. ParamByName(‘P_YHBH’).AsString:= ‘张三’;(在不对参数的数据类型和传入传出类型进行指定的情况下,绝对不能使用Value)

UniDAC 的过程中一定要注意,在DataM 中提供了一个函数PrepareParam ,请注意看一下。 在ADO

12.Sybase 的一个特性

update a set a.fSJ=b.fSJ

from table1 a join table2 b on a.sYPBSM=b.sYPBSM

上述SQL 语句在Sybase 下执行不能通过,请改写成如下SQL(在MS 和ASE 中都能执行通过)

update table1 set fSJ=b.fSJ

from table1 a join table2 b on a.sYPBSM=b.sYPBSM

UniDAC 官方网址:

一、连接数据库Connecting to Database

1、 通用连接属性

● Provider

第一个就应该设置的属性,指定要连接的数据库类型,根据指定的数据库连接类型不同其它的设置也会发生相应的变化;

● Username and Password

登录数据的有效用户名和密码;

Server

通常将此设成要连接数据库所在的计算机名或IP 地址,如果将此属性设置为空,对于MySQL, InterBase连接数据库方式, UniDAC 将试图连接本地(Localhost)。

Oracle:

客户端模式下,指定的Server 名称一定要出现在tnsnames.ora 中,且有效,设置效果如下:

with UniConnection1 do

begin

ProviderName := 'Oracle';

Server := 'ORCL';

Username := 'username';

Password := 'password';

end;

直连模式(Direct mode)下:在此模式下,运行软件的计算机可以不安装Oracle 客户端而连接Oracle 数据库,但要做以下设置:

1) 设置直连模式

2) 设置Server

指定Server 格式:Host:Port:SID.

注:客户端模式和直连模式的设置不能混淆,否则无法执行。两种格式严格区分。

效果如下:

with UniConnection1 do

begin

ProviderName := 'Oracle';

Server := '192.168.1.113:1521:ORCL';

Username := ' Username ';

Password := ' Password 3';

end;

SQL Server:

指定要连接的数据库所在的网络IP ,且有效,如果采用的不是默认端口(1433),Server应该这样设置:HostName,PortNumber .

● Database

这个属性只对SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, InterBase, and SQLite 连接方式有效, ●

指定TCP/IP协议访问的有效端口

MySQL – 默认端口 3306

PostgreSQL -默认端口5432

二、UniDAC (版本:2.7)连接数据库必要文件或局限需求

1、Oracle 连接

Oracle 在采用直连模式将受到以下限制:

特别要注意的是(包括:应用TUniLoader ) :

1) 、应用直连模式,本地执行程序的客户机必须要安装TCP/IP协议

2) 、注意防火墙

3) 、数据库的triggers 、check constraints 、clustered tables 、loading of remote objects 、user-defined types将得不到支持

4) 、available, like OBJECT, ARRAY, REF, XML, BINARY_DOUBLE, BINARY_FLOAT这些类型将变为不可用

5) 、TUniLoader 的应用版本应高于Oracle client 8.17

以下是英文原文:

triggers are not supported ●

check constraints are not supported ●

referential integrity constraints are not supported ●

clustered tables are not supported ●

loading of remote objects is not supported ●

user-defined types are not supported ●

LOBs must be specified after all scalar columns ●

LONGs must be specified last ● You cannot use TUniLoader in a threaded OCI environment with Oracle client 8.17 or

lower.

● Connect using the TCP/IP network protocol only.

● Some types are not available, like OBJECT, ARRAY, REF, XML, BINARY_DOUBLE,

BINARY_FLOAT.

● Certain problems may occur when using firewalls.

● NLS conversion on the client side is not supported.

● Transparent Application Failover is not supported.

● Statement caching is not available.

● OS authentication and changing expired passwords features are not available.

● The DES authentication is used.

● Oracle Advanced Security is not supported.

● We do not guarantee stability of multithreaded applications. It is highly recommended to

use the separate TUniConnection component for each thread when using UniDAC from different threads.

2、 SQL Server连接

1) 提供连接支持

服务端: SQL Server 2005 (including Compact and Express editions), SQL Server 2000, SQL Server 7, and MSDE.

客户端: SQL OLE DB and SQL Native Client.

2) 环境需求

MDAC (Microsoft Data Access Components)版本不低于2.5

3、 My SQL连接

My SQL提供的连接也包括直连和客户端连接方式,默认采用的是直连方式,如果要更改连接方式,在应用程序分发时要带上libmysqld.dll

二、Delphi 与各数据库数据类型比较

Delphi 数据类型与各数据库数据类型对比如下表,如有具体说明见表中脚注:

Delphi Type Oracle Types SQL Server

Types MySQL Types InterBase Types PostgreS QL Types SQLite Types

ftSmallin t NUMBER(p, 0) [2] (p < 5) SMALLINT TINYINT(M) (M > 1) SMALLINT SMALLIN T SMALLIN T TINYINT SMALLIN T

ftWord - TINYINT TINYINT(M) - - -

UNSIGNED (M > 1) SMALLINT UNSIGNED YEAR

ftInteger NUMBER(p,

0) [2] (4 < p < 10)

INT

MEDIUMIN T

MEDIUMIN T UNSIGNED INT

INTEGER INTEGER

INTEGER

INT ftLargein t NUMBER(p, 0) [2]

(9 < p <

19)

BIGINT

BIT INT

UNSIGNED

BIGINT BIGINT UNSIGNED

BIGINT BIGINT BIGINT

ftFloat

NUMBER(p, s) [2]

BINARY

FLOAT(FLO

AT)

BINARY DOUBLE

DECIMAL(p,

s) [3]

FLOAT

REAL

DECIMAL(p, s)[3] FLOAT DOUBLE NUMBER(p, s)[3] FLOAT DOUBLE PRECISI ON DECIMAL

[3]

REAL DOUBLE PRECISI

ON

DECIMAL

(p, s)[3] FLOAT DOUBLE PRECISI ON

ftBCD

NUMBER(p, s) [2] (p < 15) and (s < 5) DECIMAL(p,

s) [3]

(p < 15) and (s < 5)

DECIMAL(p, s)[3] (p < 15) and (s < 5) DECIMAL

(p, s)[3] (p < 15) and (s <

5)

DECIMAL [3] DECIMAL [

3]

ftFMTBcd NUMBER(p, s) [2] (14 < p < 39) and> (4 < s < 39) DECIMAL(p, s) (14 < p < 39) and (4 < s < 39) DECIMAL(p, s)[3] (14 < p < 39) and (4 < s < 39) DECIMAL

(p, s)[3] (14 < p < 19) and (4 < s < 19) DECIMAL [3] DECIMAL [

3]

ftCurrenc y -

MONEY

SMALLMONEY

- - MONEY MONEY

ftBoolean - BIT

TINYINT [4]

BOOL [4] BOOLEAN [4

]

BOOLEAN BOOLEAN BOOLEAN

ftString

VARCHAR2 NVARCHAR2 VARCHAR CHAR NCHAR RAW [5]

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND INTERVAL DAY TO MONTH ROWID UROWID CHAR

VARCHAR CHAR

VARCHAR ENUM

SET

BINARY [6] VARBINAR Y [6]

CHAR VARCHAR CHAR VARCHAR CHAR

VARCHAR

ftWideStr ing See note [7] NCHAR NVARCHAR

See note [7] [7]

See

note

[7] See note [7]

ftMemo

LONG

Also see

note [8]

TEXT

NTEXT [9]

TINYTEXT TEXT

MEDIUMTE

XT

LONGTEXT

BLOB

TEXT

TEXT

TEXT CLOB

ftWideMem o See

note[10] NTEXT [11]

See

note[10]

See note[10] See note[10] See

note[10

] ftOraClob

CLOB NCLOB -

-

-

-

-

ftBlob LONG RAW IMAGE

TINYBLOB

BLOB MEDIUMBL OB LONGBLOB Spatial Data Types BLOB

BINARY BYTEA BLOB

ftOraBlob BLOB -

- - LARGE

OBJECT -

ftBytes

-

BINARY TIMESTAMP BINARY

-

- - ftVarByte RAW

VARBINARY

VARBINAR CHAR

-

BINARY

s Y

VARCHAR (CHARSET = OCTETS) VARBINA RY

ftDate

-

-

DATE

DATE

DATE

DATE

ftDateTim

e DATE

DATE

DATETIME

TIMESTA MP TIMESTA MP TIMESTA

MP

DATETIM

E ftTime

-

-

TIME

TIME

TIME

TIME

ftTimeSta mp TIMESTAMP

TIMESTAMP

WITH

TIMEZONE -

- - - -

ftCursor REF CURSOR - - - REFCURS

OR -

ftGuid

-

UNIQUEIDENTI

FIER

-

- - - ftVariant - SQL_VARIANT - -

-

-

NOT

SUPPORTED

BFILE

OBJECT

XML

CURSOR XML TABLE

- - - -

[1] – 如果FieldsAsString 选项被设置 True ,则除BLOB 和TEXT 数据类型外,全部做为ftString 来处理

[2] – Oracle NUMBER数据类型与Delphi 数据类型对应方式:

if scale equals zero, provider checks values of the specific options to choose the correct Delphi type in the following order:

1.1 field precision is less or equal Precision Smallint (default is 4) - uses ftSmallint; 1.2 field precision is less or equal Precision Integer (default is 9) - uses ftInteger; 1.3 field precision is less or equal Precision LargeInt (default is 18) - uses ftLargeint;

if scale is greater than zero, the appropriate Delphi type is chosen using the following sequence of rules:.

2.1 field precision is less or equal PrecisionFloat (default is 0) - uses ftFloat;

2.2 EnableBCD is True and field precision, scale is less or equal PrecisionBCD (default is 14,4) - uses ftBCD;

2.3 EnableFMTBCD is True and field precision, scale is less or equal PrecisionFMTBCD (default is 38,38) - uses ftFMTBCD;

2.4 uses ftFloat.

[3] - The appropriate Delphi type is chosen using the following sequence of rules:

EnableBCD is True and field precision, scale is less or equal 14,4 - uses ftBCD;

EnableFMTBCD is True - uses ftFMTBCD;

uses ftFloat.

[4] - If the EnableBoolean option is True

[5] - If the RawAsString option is True

[6] - If the BinaryAsString is True

[7] - If the UseUnicode option is True, all server types mapped to ftString will be mapped to ftWideString.

[8] - If the LongStrings option is False, and the field length is greater than 255, all server types mapped to ftString will be mapped to ftMemo.

[9] - For all Delphi versions prior to BDS 2006.

[10] - If the UseUnicode option is True, in BDS 2006 and later versions all server types mapped to ftMemo will be mapped to ftWideMemo.

[11] - For BDS 2006 and higher IDE versions.

三、UniDAC 更新数据

1、数据自动更新

TUniTable 、TUniQuery 和TUniStoredProc 是用来检索和编辑数据的UniDAC 控件,

四、主从关系表

五、存储过程

1、TUniConnection, TUniSQL, TUniQuery, TUniStoredProc均可以执行存储过程。 TUniConnection :

是一种最简单的执行存储过程的控件,但他有很多限制。TUniConnection 不能具有SQL 、存储过程名和参数,不支持输出参数也不支持存储执行的预准备。当然,如果只是运行一个既没有返回也没有输出参数设置,那TUniConnection 是一个不错的选择。

TUniSQL :

TUniSQL 是一个被分离出的小控件,执行SQL 语句但不返回结果集。它没有数据存储,但要消耗一些内存,但比TUniQuery 和TUniStoredProc 的执行速度快。

TUniQuery :

TUniQuery 除具有TUniSQL 的执行功能外,还能返回结果集。

TUniStoredProc :

TUniStoredProc 是专门用来执行存储过程的一个控件,可以返回结果集、输出参数、执行准备以及通过CreateProcCall 方法初始化等。

2、 参数类型

UniDAC 支持四种参数类型:input, output, input/output, result

六、事务处理

TUniConnection 通过StartTransaction, Commit, Rollback等方法来控制本地事务,判断一个事务是否开启用InTransaction 。

七、控件详解

1、TUniConnection

建立和控件数据连接的控件,能访问的数据库包括:Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, InterBase, Firebird, 和PostgreSQL.

虽然UniDAC 对不同的数据库提供了统一的访问接口,但是对个别数据库还是要进行一些特殊的设置,这些设置是一个字符串列表,你可以按以下代码进行设置: UniConnection.SpecificOptions.Values['CharLength'] := '1';

1、

Oracle

多线程下使用使用 UniDAC+MSSQL

ADO 线程不安全,UniDAC 在使用MSSQL 也是如此。其实这是微软COM 问题,不怪Devart 公司。

一般解决方法是在线程开始启用 CoInitialize(nil),线程结束调用 CoUninitialize 。如果你使用多种数据库连接,比如三层中经常切换到MSSQL 和Oracle ,我们只需在判断 TUniConnection 的连接前事件 OnBeforeConnect 写下如下代码:

procedure TServDBFunc.ServConnBeforeConnect(Sender: TObject);

begin

if (ServConn <> nil) and SameText(ServConn.ProviderName,'SQL Server');then CoInitialize(nil);

end;

在TUniConnection 的关闭连接后事件 OnAfterDisconnect 写下如下代码:

procedure TServDBFunc.ServConnAfterDisconnect(Sender: TObject);

begin

if (ServConn <> nil) and SameText(ServConn.ProviderName,'SQL Server');then CoUninitialize;

end;

需要注意的是,必须先判断连接控件 (ServConn <> nil) 是否为空,否则,你会陷入指针释放的问题。

unit Unit1;

interface

uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, Grids, DBGrids, DB, DBAccess, Uni, MemDS, UniProvider, InterBaseUniProvider;

type

TForm1 = class(TForm)

UniConnTest: TUniConnection;//用于数据库的连接

InterBaseUniProTest: TInterBaseUniProvider;//ib/FB的数据提供

UniQryTest: TUniQuery;

UniDataSrTest: TUniDataSource;

DBGrid1: TDBGrid;

Button1: TButton;

Button2: TButton;

procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);

private

{ Private declarations }

public

{ Public declarations }

end;

var

Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

begin

with UniConnTest do

begin

ProviderName := 'interbase';//这里确定为interbase 但是可以支持firebird

Password := 'masterkey';//数据库密码

Username := 'sysdba';//数据库密码

Server := '';

Database := 'TD_HOUSE.FDB';//数据库文件的位置,这里在当前目录 SpecificOptions.Clear;

SpecificOptions.Add('InterBase.ClientLClientLClientLClientLibraryibraryibraryibrary=fbembed.dll');

//设置设置设置设置embeddll 驱动位置

SpecificOptions.Add('InterBase.CharLength=0')

;//设置设置设置设置为0让,

unidacunidacunidacunidac 自动读取fb 设置设置设置设置 SpecificOptions.Add('SQLDialet=3');

//设置设置设置设置为3

SpecificOptions.Add('USEUnicode=true');//迟滞unicode 有人说有问题 我没有发现 try

Connect;

ShowMessage('OK');

except

ShowMessage('eer');

end;

end;

end;

procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);

begin

UniQryTest.Close;

UniQryTest.SQL.Text := 'select * from TB_SYS_LOG'; //

UniQryTest.FetchingAll;

UniQryTest.DisableControls;

UniQryTest.Open;

UniQryTest.EnableControls;

end;

end.

有网友问我常用的控件及功能。我先大概整理一下,以后会在文章里面碰到时再仔细介绍。 Devexpress VCL 这个基本上覆盖了系统界面及数据库展示的方方面面,是做桌面系统必备的一套控件,目前的版本是2011.2.3, 支持win32 及win64。

AutoUpgrader 这个是自动更新的一个小控件,适合桌面程序自动更新,但是自从2007 年后,就没有更新了,我对其进行了修改,使其可以安装在delphi XE2 上, 同时支持win64。

Devart 公司出品的UniDAC,ODAC,SDAC,IBDAC, 这几个是目前delphi 数据库存取最好的控件,UniDAC 几乎支持所有的数据库存取,而后面几个则是针对每种 提供专用的访问和控制功能,尤其是ODAC ,可以直接使用TCP/IP 连接oracle ,免去安装Oracle 客户端的麻烦,非常适合各种场合应用(在xe2 里面,已经可以直接支持用 Iphone 访问oracle 了)。

Advanced Data Export 和 Advanced Data Import 这是EMS 公司出品的数据导入、导出控件,几乎可以导入、导出常用的各种数据格式,是数据库转换和备份的必备控件。

NativeXml 是生成和解析XML 文件及格式一个非可视控件(使用时,直接引用单元), 是一个轻量级的xml 解析器,支持windows 和linux, 以前是收费的,

现在是开源了(唉,可惜我当时的银子了)。

Paxcompiler 是目前最快的,最稳定的Pascal 脚本解析器,我前面介绍的delphi web 脚本就是使用它做解释器的,目前还不支持win64, 据作者说今年元月底就会支持win64.

kbmMW 是目前唯一与Remobjects 并驾齐驱的delphi 多层解决方案, 比Remobjects 紧凑、便宜,但是功能绝不输给Remobjects 。我后面后介绍使用kbmMW 实现各种多层应用。

TeeChart Pro 在delphi 的图形显示方面目前唯一的选择,虽然从delphi 3 就随delphi 捆绑发布,但是捆绑的是标准版,很多功能都不全,要展示各种绚丽的统计、分析功能,

还是要用专业版(呵呵,领导们都是喜欢这个的)。最新的TeeChart Pro 已经支持firemonkey 了(兼容性还有点问题),你可以把pc 上的绚丽图形放到Iphone 上了。 从 Delphi 1 开始,delphi 每个版本都会有报表工具,但是每次自带的报表工具都相当不给力,几乎没有人使用,因此出现了几个非常不错的第三方报表工具,例如Reportbuilder,

Fastreport 等,由于今年出的delphi xe2 开始捆绑Fastreport 标准版,同时Reportbuilder 的价格高的离谱,而且fastreport 确实非常不错,建议报表工具还是用Fastreport.

Delphi 目前应该还是windows 平台非常强的开发工具,因此经常会用来写

windows 服务,虽然Delphi 本身支持winservice 的开发,但是功能也就是能开发而已,要开发专业的

winservice , 还是要用Svcom , 这个可以像普通程序一样调试服务程序,同时支持 界面和服务在同一个程序里面,调试、配置、安装都非常方便。

这几年随着web 技术的发展,各种JS 框架越来越多,与delphi 后台结合,基本上都需要使用JSON 格式,delphi XE 开始支持JSON ,但是个人认为语法复杂,理解困难,

幸好有开源的Super Object Toolkit,非常直观和简单,在服务器端运行也非常稳定,我上面的文章也有介绍。

以上就基本上是我常用的控件,当然还有些控件由于比较偏,就不再做介绍了。我个人的原则是只要有现成的控件,我不会再去做类似的,毕竟个人精力和能力有限,而人家专业做控件的,

无论从质量和功能上都有保证,同时只要是正版用户,作者都会很及时的修改bug 的,自己把精力放到实现第三方无法实现的地方就可以了

2017年最新四级预测作文(2017.6)作文9500字

初三作文

四级预测作文(2017.6)

(一)

Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Mobile Payment following the outline given below. You should write at least

1. 现在移动支付(手机支付)已经成为一种时尚;

2. 移动支付有很多好处,但也有安全隐患;

3. 我的建议。

Mobile Payment

Driven by the explosive growth of online shopping as well as Internet financial services, mobile payment is becoming more and more popular. It is believed that a majority of you have benefited from mobile payment apps such as Alipay and Wechat payment.

Mobile payment is both fast and convenient. It allows users to make instant online, in-store and vending machine payments, and generally go about their daily lives without needing to carry cash or a physical wallet. As for businesses, especially small businesses, mobile payment enable them to keep thier operating costs low, increase sales volume, and give their customers the convenient experience and payment flexibility to compete with larger retailers. Despite all the advantages presented above, mobile payment systems are prone to fraud. If the users ’ personal and financial information falls into the possession of fraudsters , then they can defraud the users of their money.

Therefore, high security risk is the key factor users should take into consideration when making mobile payments. They should pay attention to carefully protect their payment accounts and passwords . Meanwhile, governments should develop a supportive regulatory environment in order to effectively manage the potential risks.

点评:

移动支付的快速发展给人们的生活带来了便捷,人们甚至不用带现金和钱包出门,只要将智能手机上的支付APP 打开,经过简单的程序就能完成各类支付。但是与此同时,移动支付对支付的安全提出了更高的要求。伺机已久的黑客们也抓住这一新兴产业的漏洞,将手伸进人们的“移动口袋”里。因此,用户在使用过程中应保持高度警惕,另外,政府部门也应该提升相关的监管力度。文章第一段指出移动支付盛行这一现象;第二段分析了移动支付的利弊;第三段作者结合自己的观点提出建议。

Alipay 和Wechat payment 都是手机支付的常用APP ,分别指支付宝和微信支付;go about one ’s daily lives意为“忙于日常生活”; be prone to sth.意为“易于受„„的影响;有„„的倾向”;fall into the possession of sb.意为“被某人占有; 落入某人手中”;fraudster 意为“行骗者”;defraud sb. of sth.意为“从某人处骗取某物”;high security risk意为“高度的

安全风险”;take sth. into consideration意为“考虑到,顾及”;payment accounts and passwords意为“支付账号和密码”。supportive regulatory environment意为“有力的监管环境”。

(二)

Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should We Help Strangers following the outline given below. You should write at least than

1. 目前,许多人不愿意去帮助陌生人,认为这样会给自己带来麻烦甚至是危险;

2. 出现这一现象的原因;

3. 我对这一问题的看法和建议。

Should We Help Strangers?

A proverb says “You may be happier than princes, if you will be more virtuous.” Helping strangers has always been considered as a treasured virtue of mankind. But nowadays, people tend to be cautious of strangers because of the frequent occurrence of blackmails after offering help to strangers. Some are even unwilling to do any good deeds as they think helping others involves risks of getting hurt or cheated.

Who should be blamed for turning blind eyes to those in need? Is it the moral declining of the whole society? Its real reason lies in the lack of necessary protection for those warm-hearted people. In addition, the corruption of social mores, and bad influences of negative cases have worsen the problems.

Just keep in mind “Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful.” Don’t hesitate to help others. One good turn deserves another. Accordingly, government should work out a Good Samaritan law to protect those who reach out to the strangers in need.

点评:

文章由名人名言引出话题,指出帮助他人是人类的美德,但是近来频繁爆发的“讹诈事件”让人们对陌生人产生了高度的警惕性,因为害怕受害或受骗,甚至不愿意去帮助那些真正需要帮助的陌生人。第二段指出了这个问题的根本原因在于施善人群得不到保护,除此之外,社会道德的败坏以及不良事件的负面影响导致问题的恶化。第三段结合名人名言倡导人们应该毫不犹豫地去帮助他人,好人终有好报。相应地,政府应该制定相关的法律来保护那些“热心”人。

You may be happier than princes, if you will be more virtuous. 意为“如果你能多做善事,你会比王子还要幸福”;blackmail 意为“讹诈,勒索”;turn blind eyes to意为“对„„视而不见”;social mores意为“社会风气”;Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful. 意为“美德和善良从来无所畏惧。”;One good turn deserves another. 意为“善有善报。”;Good Samaritan law 意为“善良的沙玛利安法”,指鼓励和保护见义勇为者的法律。reach out to sb.意为“伸出援助之手帮助某人”。

(三)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Factors Affecting Work Performance based on the statistics provided in the bar chart below. Please give a brief description of the chart and then make comments on it. You should write at leastbut no more than

Factors Affecting Work Performance

The bar chart shows four factors that affecting work performance of two age groups, people aged from 18 to 30 and those aged from 45 to 60.

Team spirit seems to have the same influence on the two age groups, with about 60% of each group indicating this element affecting their performance. Chance for personal development is the most influential factor for the younger group, about 90% of which admit thinking highly of it ; whereas for the older group, only about 40% cite it as important. It is almost the same case with relaxed working environment, which affects more than 80% of the yonger group and about only 30% of the older group. Money is the element that is rated highest for motivating performance among survey respondents between age 45-60. There is only a slight difference between the two groups in this aspect, both of which regard it as important.

Since employees belonging to different age groups are influenced by different motivational factors, managers should strive to develop separate motivational tools for different age groups which suit their requirements so as to retain their valued employees and achieve higher productivity and outputs.

点评:

文章首先简要分析了柱形图,说明两组受调查人群对这四大因素所持有的不同观点及所占的不同百分比。第二段指出雇主应该利用这些不同的激励因素,制定出适用于不同年龄层员工的各不相同的激励机制,从而稳住重要的员工,提供生产率和产量。

the most influential factor意为“影响最大的因素”;think highly of 意为“对„„高度评价;对„„高度重视”;whereas 意为“然而,反之”;rate 意为“评定某人/某事物的价值” ;

survey respondents意为“调查受访者”;slight 意为“不严重的; 不重要的; 微小的; 轻微的”;retain their valued employees意为“留住重要的员工”;higher productivity and outputs意为“更高的生产率和产量” 。

(四)

Directions :For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled My View on Examination-Oriented Education. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least words but no more than words.

My View on Examination-Oriented Education

From the cartoon above, we can see that a student is pondering deeply over a thought-provoking problem: Why did he forget all that he had learnt the minute he finished the test? Truthfully, a large amount of students have the same thought and feeling as he has.

From elementary school to college, students, teachers and even parents all strive for high scores, for getting good marks is the only way to gain access to good universities and well-paid jobs. Accordingly, students have high scores but low abilities because of cramming method of teaching, mechanical memorization, and learning without comprehension.

Unfortunately, the current examination-oriented education prepares students only for examinations rather than creative abilities. Additionally, being overburdened with endless exams, students may have their health ruined. Gradually it may also limit students ’ thinking, narrow their imagination as well as hinder their ability to innovate. Consequently, it is high time for the government to implement educational reform, and figure out a comparatively sound educational system . Only in this way will students see a more colorful life.

点评:

文章第一段分析图画中的内容,提出问题:为什么考试结束后所学的知识都忘光了?第二段分析了原因:一味地追求分数的应试教育导致“高分低能”,填鸭式的教育使得学生机械化记忆知识,并未理解吸收。第三段提及应试教育的危害,提倡教育体制改革。

ponder deeply over意为“深思”;strive for意为“力争;力求;(为获得或实现某事物)努力,奋斗”;cramming method of teaching意为“填鸭式教学”;mechanical memorization意为“机械记忆”;be overburdened with意为“因„„而不堪重负”;hinder 意为“阻碍,妨碍”;comparatively sound educational system 意为“相对健全的教育体系”。

(五)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to one of your lecturers. Say what you enjoy about his lectures and suggest how they could be improved. You should write at least

Dear Professor Martin,

I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for your humorous and attractive way of teaching . All the information contained in your lectures is comprehensive and practical. To learn more actively, please allow me to outline some of my opinions on your lectures.

Firstly, I do hope you can insert a short "intermission" through the lecture and let us have a short discussion. It is helpful for us to avoid decline of attention and catch up with your lecture. At the same time, it takes the pressure off you as the instructor.

Secondly, it is advisable that you increase student activities or learning tasks during your lecture so as to promote student engagement.

Thirdly, I hope you will be able to just base your lectures on the most important materials and ask the students to search for the less important information for themselves outside of class.

At last, I’d like to express my heartfelt thanks and highest respect to you for your hardwork and wish to have an opportunity to communicate with you face to face. Yours sincerely, Li Hu

点评:

这是一封写给授课老师的建议信。信件开头首先表明对老师授课方式的欣赏及对授课内容的赞扬,之后提及自己对课堂的三点建议:一是希望老师授课中途做短暂休息;二是希望老师在授课的过程中穿插学生活动或学习任务以加强学生的参与度;三是希望老师挑重点内容讲,鼓励学生课后自己搜查课上省略掉的次要内容。最后表达自己对老师辛勤工作的感谢,希望有机会能面对面地交流。

humorous and attractive way of teaching意为“幽默诙谐、招人喜爱的授课方式”;comprehensive and practical意为“涵盖全面且实用的”;insert 意为“插入﹑ 放入﹑ 置入或嵌于某物或某两物间”;intermission 意为“暂停; 中间休息; 幕间休息”;decline of attention 意为“注意力降低”;promote student engagement 意为“提高学生参与度”;base...on 意为“以„„为基础”;heartfelt thanks意为“衷心的感谢”。

四级预测作文(2017.6)

(一)

Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Mobile Payment following the outline given below. You should write at least

1. 现在移动支付(手机支付)已经成为一种时尚;

2. 移动支付有很多好处,但也有安全隐患;

3. 我的建议。

Mobile Payment

Driven by the explosive growth of online shopping as well as Internet financial services, mobile payment is becoming more and more popular. It is believed that a majority of you have benefited from mobile payment apps such as Alipay and Wechat payment.

Mobile payment is both fast and convenient. It allows users to make instant online, in-store and vending machine payments, and generally go about their daily lives without needing to carry cash or a physical wallet. As for businesses, especially small businesses, mobile payment enable them to keep thier operating costs low, increase sales volume, and give their customers the convenient experience and payment flexibility to compete with larger retailers. Despite all the advantages presented above, mobile payment systems are prone to fraud. If the users ’ personal and financial information falls into the possession of fraudsters , then they can defraud the users of their money.

Therefore, high security risk is the key factor users should take into consideration when making mobile payments. They should pay attention to carefully protect their payment accounts and passwords . Meanwhile, governments should develop a supportive regulatory environment in order to effectively manage the potential risks.

点评:

移动支付的快速发展给人们的生活带来了便捷,人们甚至不用带现金和钱包出门,只要将智能手机上的支付APP 打开,经过简单的程序就能完成各类支付。但是与此同时,移动支付对支付的安全提出了更高的要求。伺机已久的黑客们也抓住这一新兴产业的漏洞,将手伸进人们的“移动口袋”里。因此,用户在使用过程中应保持高度警惕,另外,政府部门也应该提升相关的监管力度。文章第一段指出移动支付盛行这一现象;第二段分析了移动支付的利弊;第三段作者结合自己的观点提出建议。

Alipay 和Wechat payment 都是手机支付的常用APP ,分别指支付宝和微信支付;go about one ’s daily lives意为“忙于日常生活”; be prone to sth.意为“易于受„„的影响;有„„的倾向”;fall into the possession of sb.意为“被某人占有; 落入某人手中”;fraudster 意为“行骗者”;defraud sb. of sth.意为“从某人处骗取某物”;high security risk意为“高度的

安全风险”;take sth. into consideration意为“考虑到,顾及”;payment accounts and passwords意为“支付账号和密码”。supportive regulatory environment意为“有力的监管环境”。

(二)

Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should We Help Strangers following the outline given below. You should write at least than

1. 目前,许多人不愿意去帮助陌生人,认为这样会给自己带来麻烦甚至是危险;

2. 出现这一现象的原因;

3. 我对这一问题的看法和建议。

Should We Help Strangers?

A proverb says “You may be happier than princes, if you will be more virtuous.” Helping strangers has always been considered as a treasured virtue of mankind. But nowadays, people tend to be cautious of strangers because of the frequent occurrence of blackmails after offering help to strangers. Some are even unwilling to do any good deeds as they think helping others involves risks of getting hurt or cheated.

Who should be blamed for turning blind eyes to those in need? Is it the moral declining of the whole society? Its real reason lies in the lack of necessary protection for those warm-hearted people. In addition, the corruption of social mores, and bad influences of negative cases have worsen the problems.

Just keep in mind “Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful.” Don’t hesitate to help others. One good turn deserves another. Accordingly, government should work out a Good Samaritan law to protect those who reach out to the strangers in need.

点评:

文章由名人名言引出话题,指出帮助他人是人类的美德,但是近来频繁爆发的“讹诈事件”让人们对陌生人产生了高度的警惕性,因为害怕受害或受骗,甚至不愿意去帮助那些真正需要帮助的陌生人。第二段指出了这个问题的根本原因在于施善人群得不到保护,除此之外,社会道德的败坏以及不良事件的负面影响导致问题的恶化。第三段结合名人名言倡导人们应该毫不犹豫地去帮助他人,好人终有好报。相应地,政府应该制定相关的法律来保护那些“热心”人。

You may be happier than princes, if you will be more virtuous. 意为“如果你能多做善事,你会比王子还要幸福”;blackmail 意为“讹诈,勒索”;turn blind eyes to意为“对„„视而不见”;social mores意为“社会风气”;Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful. 意为“美德和善良从来无所畏惧。”;One good turn deserves another. 意为“善有善报。”;Good Samaritan law 意为“善良的沙玛利安法”,指鼓励和保护见义勇为者的法律。reach out to sb.意为“伸出援助之手帮助某人”。

(三)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Factors Affecting Work Performance based on the statistics provided in the bar chart below. Please give a brief description of the chart and then make comments on it. You should write at leastbut no more than

Factors Affecting Work Performance

The bar chart shows four factors that affecting work performance of two age groups, people aged from 18 to 30 and those aged from 45 to 60.

Team spirit seems to have the same influence on the two age groups, with about 60% of each group indicating this element affecting their performance. Chance for personal development is the most influential factor for the younger group, about 90% of which admit thinking highly of it ; whereas for the older group, only about 40% cite it as important. It is almost the same case with relaxed working environment, which affects more than 80% of the yonger group and about only 30% of the older group. Money is the element that is rated highest for motivating performance among survey respondents between age 45-60. There is only a slight difference between the two groups in this aspect, both of which regard it as important.

Since employees belonging to different age groups are influenced by different motivational factors, managers should strive to develop separate motivational tools for different age groups which suit their requirements so as to retain their valued employees and achieve higher productivity and outputs.

点评:

文章首先简要分析了柱形图,说明两组受调查人群对这四大因素所持有的不同观点及所占的不同百分比。第二段指出雇主应该利用这些不同的激励因素,制定出适用于不同年龄层员工的各不相同的激励机制,从而稳住重要的员工,提供生产率和产量。

the most influential factor意为“影响最大的因素”;think highly of 意为“对„„高度评价;对„„高度重视”;whereas 意为“然而,反之”;rate 意为“评定某人/某事物的价值” ;

survey respondents意为“调查受访者”;slight 意为“不严重的; 不重要的; 微小的; 轻微的”;retain their valued employees意为“留住重要的员工”;higher productivity and outputs意为“更高的生产率和产量” 。

(四)

Directions :For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled My View on Examination-Oriented Education. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least words but no more than words.

My View on Examination-Oriented Education

From the cartoon above, we can see that a student is pondering deeply over a thought-provoking problem: Why did he forget all that he had learnt the minute he finished the test? Truthfully, a large amount of students have the same thought and feeling as he has.

From elementary school to college, students, teachers and even parents all strive for high scores, for getting good marks is the only way to gain access to good universities and well-paid jobs. Accordingly, students have high scores but low abilities because of cramming method of teaching, mechanical memorization, and learning without comprehension.

Unfortunately, the current examination-oriented education prepares students only for examinations rather than creative abilities. Additionally, being overburdened with endless exams, students may have their health ruined. Gradually it may also limit students ’ thinking, narrow their imagination as well as hinder their ability to innovate. Consequently, it is high time for the government to implement educational reform, and figure out a comparatively sound educational system . Only in this way will students see a more colorful life.

点评:

文章第一段分析图画中的内容,提出问题:为什么考试结束后所学的知识都忘光了?第二段分析了原因:一味地追求分数的应试教育导致“高分低能”,填鸭式的教育使得学生机械化记忆知识,并未理解吸收。第三段提及应试教育的危害,提倡教育体制改革。

ponder deeply over意为“深思”;strive for意为“力争;力求;(为获得或实现某事物)努力,奋斗”;cramming method of teaching意为“填鸭式教学”;mechanical memorization意为“机械记忆”;be overburdened with意为“因„„而不堪重负”;hinder 意为“阻碍,妨碍”;comparatively sound educational system 意为“相对健全的教育体系”。

(五)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to one of your lecturers. Say what you enjoy about his lectures and suggest how they could be improved. You should write at least

Dear Professor Martin,

I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for your humorous and attractive way of teaching . All the information contained in your lectures is comprehensive and practical. To learn more actively, please allow me to outline some of my opinions on your lectures.

Firstly, I do hope you can insert a short "intermission" through the lecture and let us have a short discussion. It is helpful for us to avoid decline of attention and catch up with your lecture. At the same time, it takes the pressure off you as the instructor.

Secondly, it is advisable that you increase student activities or learning tasks during your lecture so as to promote student engagement.

Thirdly, I hope you will be able to just base your lectures on the most important materials and ask the students to search for the less important information for themselves outside of class.

At last, I’d like to express my heartfelt thanks and highest respect to you for your hardwork and wish to have an opportunity to communicate with you face to face. Yours sincerely, Li Hu

点评:

这是一封写给授课老师的建议信。信件开头首先表明对老师授课方式的欣赏及对授课内容的赞扬,之后提及自己对课堂的三点建议:一是希望老师授课中途做短暂休息;二是希望老师在授课的过程中穿插学生活动或学习任务以加强学生的参与度;三是希望老师挑重点内容讲,鼓励学生课后自己搜查课上省略掉的次要内容。最后表达自己对老师辛勤工作的感谢,希望有机会能面对面地交流。

humorous and attractive way of teaching意为“幽默诙谐、招人喜爱的授课方式”;comprehensive and practical意为“涵盖全面且实用的”;insert 意为“插入﹑ 放入﹑ 置入或嵌于某物或某两物间”;intermission 意为“暂停; 中间休息; 幕间休息”;decline of attention 意为“注意力降低”;promote student engagement 意为“提高学生参与度”;base...on 意为“以„„为基础”;heartfelt thanks意为“衷心的感谢”。

午夜惊魂,局域网远程自动关机作文2900字

初一作文

午夜惊魂,局域网远程自动关机

这天晚上,秀才正追问白展堂夜探大嘴的原委,白展堂告诉他:莫小贝失踪了,因她常去大嘴的哥们所开的DOS 快餐店,所以怀疑此事与大嘴也有关联。正说着话,郭芙蓉神色慌张地跑进来:老白,秀才,见鬼了,我的电脑被黑客控制了。两人听说,赶紧过去一看究竟,只见小郭的电脑屏幕上显示一个关机对话框(见图1)。

3、2、1——电脑自动关机了。秀才一笑,“芙妹,不要惊慌,这肯定是内部人在你的电脑上动了手脚,然后再通过咱们店里的内部局域网远程关机造成的。”看着小郭和老白不解的神情,秀才道:“那我用老白的电脑给你们演示一下吧。”

第1步:秀才首先打开白展堂的电脑,在控制面板中打开“管理工具→本地安全策略”,点选左侧“本地策略”下的“用户权利指派”,再在右侧双击打开“从网络访问此计算机”项,在打开的属性窗口,点击“添加用户和组”按钮,添加了一个“Guest ”账户。

第2步:接着再双击打开“从远端系统强制关机”项,在它的属性窗口中以同样方法添加“Guest ”账户。确定后返回。

第3步:秀才回到自己的电脑前,单击“开始→运行”,输入“shutdown -i ”,按回车键调出如图2所示的窗口,这就是著名的关机命令shutdown 的图形界面。单击“添加”,输入白展堂的计算机名称(假设为:lxflxf );在“您想让这些计算做什么”下,选择“关机”;选中“警告用户此操作”项,并设置时间为10秒;在“注释”中再加一段吓人的话:“姓白的,别以为就你武功高... ”。设置完毕,点击“确定”,果然白展堂的电脑上马上就收到了关机警示。注意:必须两台电脑在同一局域网内才能成功。

小郭恍然大悟:原来如此,那么倒推一下,把“从网络访问此计算机”和“从远端系统强制关机”项中的Guest 账户删除,就可以防止那个人恶意远程关闭我的电脑了。

将计就计,开机脚本引出幕后黑手

秀才道:那个幕后之人发现无法再远程关闭小郭的电脑,有可能会再次潜入来修改设置,我们暂且不要打草惊蛇,先给小郭设置一个Windows XP 的开机脚本,记下这个人的登录时间,也好进一步追查。

第1步:首先打开记事本程序,输入以下代码:

@echo off

date /t>>c:\\startup.log

time /t>>c:\\startup.log

保存文件为“startup.cmd ”。再输入以下代码,并保存为“shutdown.cmd ”(内容实际跟开机脚本差不多):

@echo off

date /t>>c:\\shutdown.log

time /t>>c:\\shutdown.log

net user guo 12345678

友情提示

★echo 是注释命令,它后面的内容不会被执行。date 和time 分别是显示日期和时间的命令参数“/t”表示仅输出当前的日期和时间,不提示输入新的时间。“>>”实际上是一个重定向命令,表示把前面得到的日期和时间以追加的方式输入到后面的文本文件中。注意,表示目录的“\”一定要双写。最后一行的net 命令,是防止侵入者修改登录的密码的。

第2步:单击“开始→运行”,输入“gpedit.msc ”命令打开组策略对话框,在左侧点击展开“计算机配置→Windows 设置→脚本(启动/关机)”,再在右侧双击“启动”打开它的属性窗口,通过“添加”导入上一步中制作的“startup.cmd ”。同样方法,为“关机”添加“shutdown.cmd ”。

第二天,几个人又打开小郭的电脑,果然在C 盘下找到了startup.log 和shutdown.log 文件,时间显示,那个神秘人是在中午12:00左右登录的。此时正是客栈最忙的时候,会是谁呢?于是连续几天的中午,白展堂一边假装跑堂一边偷偷监视小郭的房间,这天中午果见一个黑影闪了进去„„欲知此人是谁,且听下回分解。

【拍摄花絮】

感想之一:无处可逃

在搜索这两集故事素材的过程中,发现想要攻破Windows XP 真的不是什么难事,通过光盘启动系统到DOS 或WinPE 环境下,再通过软件修改密码就可以了。所以,设置开机密码,让别人无法从光驱或U 盘之类的设备引导进入系统,无疑能增强系统的安全系数。下面以AwardBIOS 为例说明:

开机后按Delete 键进入BIOS 设置界面,选中“User Password”项,按PageUp 或PageDown 键,把它设置为“Enable ”,根据提示输入密码就可以了(千万别把密码忘了,否则连自己都进不去)。

感想之二:“高手”约等于BT

Windows XP的开机脚本,类似于DOS 下的Autoexec.bat ,开机的时候这个文件会自动执行一些命令。通过组策略很容易设置开/关机脚本,但一些“高手”却喜欢以纯手工的方式来进行。可在C:\WINDOWS\System32\GroupPolicy\Machine\Scripts目录下建立scripts.ini 文件,在“0CmdLine ”参数后设置好要使用的批处理文件的路径即可,内容如下:

[Startup]

0CmdLine=C:\...\startup.cmd

0Parameters=

[Shutdown]

0CmdLine=C:\...\shutdown.cmd

0Parameters=

只有想不到,没有做不到。充分利用开/关机的自动执行功能,可以大大提供我们的工作效率,如自动清理垃圾、自动清理IE 历史纪录、自动备份重要文件等。微软设置这一功能的初衷,是为了让我们更好地利用计算机,而不是拿它来为难别人的。

【武林英雄贴】

这个故事能否继续下去,就看大家支不支持了。如果您喜欢这种以武侠来讲解电脑知识的形式,别忘了来个E-mail 或者到论坛http://bbs.cfan.com.cn/forum-144-1.html支持一下哦。另外,您也可以编写续集,让自己成为其中的主角。写稿时请注意:普及电脑知识是主要的,武侠娱乐则为辅。

【武林轶事】Windows 文件快速操作秘技2则

小李飞刀的刀独步武林,奥妙何在?阿飞答到:快,超乎想像的快!百晓生捻须一笑:非也非也。“小李飞刀的神奇,不在快而在火候。既不快又不慢,恰到好处。”看着阿飞茫然不解,百晓生进一步说道,比如下面的两种操作,实际上就是对火候的把握,相信你看过之后就明白了:

1. 快速查找特定文件/文件夹

比如,在资源管理器中,按下一个字母键,如w 键,会很快定位到以w 开头的文件或文件夹,再按下i 键,又会快速定位到以i 键开头的文件;但是,如果你稍稍加快速度,连续输入“windows ”,则马上定位到“windows ”文件或文件夹,又快又准。

2. 快速更改文件/文件夹名

又比如,在Windows XP 的资源管理器中,单击文件或文件夹,是选中;快速单击2次(即双击),是打开。如果你能以介于单击与双击之间的速度点击文件或文件夹,则可以快速给它们重命名,而不用右击后再选择“重命名”这样麻烦了。

午夜惊魂,局域网远程自动关机

这天晚上,秀才正追问白展堂夜探大嘴的原委,白展堂告诉他:莫小贝失踪了,因她常去大嘴的哥们所开的DOS 快餐店,所以怀疑此事与大嘴也有关联。正说着话,郭芙蓉神色慌张地跑进来:老白,秀才,见鬼了,我的电脑被黑客控制了。两人听说,赶紧过去一看究竟,只见小郭的电脑屏幕上显示一个关机对话框(见图1)。

3、2、1——电脑自动关机了。秀才一笑,“芙妹,不要惊慌,这肯定是内部人在你的电脑上动了手脚,然后再通过咱们店里的内部局域网远程关机造成的。”看着小郭和老白不解的神情,秀才道:“那我用老白的电脑给你们演示一下吧。”

第1步:秀才首先打开白展堂的电脑,在控制面板中打开“管理工具→本地安全策略”,点选左侧“本地策略”下的“用户权利指派”,再在右侧双击打开“从网络访问此计算机”项,在打开的属性窗口,点击“添加用户和组”按钮,添加了一个“Guest ”账户。

第2步:接着再双击打开“从远端系统强制关机”项,在它的属性窗口中以同样方法添加“Guest ”账户。确定后返回。

第3步:秀才回到自己的电脑前,单击“开始→运行”,输入“shutdown -i ”,按回车键调出如图2所示的窗口,这就是著名的关机命令shutdown 的图形界面。单击“添加”,输入白展堂的计算机名称(假设为:lxflxf );在“您想让这些计算做什么”下,选择“关机”;选中“警告用户此操作”项,并设置时间为10秒;在“注释”中再加一段吓人的话:“姓白的,别以为就你武功高... ”。设置完毕,点击“确定”,果然白展堂的电脑上马上就收到了关机警示。注意:必须两台电脑在同一局域网内才能成功。

小郭恍然大悟:原来如此,那么倒推一下,把“从网络访问此计算机”和“从远端系统强制关机”项中的Guest 账户删除,就可以防止那个人恶意远程关闭我的电脑了。

将计就计,开机脚本引出幕后黑手

秀才道:那个幕后之人发现无法再远程关闭小郭的电脑,有可能会再次潜入来修改设置,我们暂且不要打草惊蛇,先给小郭设置一个Windows XP 的开机脚本,记下这个人的登录时间,也好进一步追查。

第1步:首先打开记事本程序,输入以下代码:

@echo off

date /t>>c:\\startup.log

time /t>>c:\\startup.log

保存文件为“startup.cmd ”。再输入以下代码,并保存为“shutdown.cmd ”(内容实际跟开机脚本差不多):

@echo off

date /t>>c:\\shutdown.log

time /t>>c:\\shutdown.log

net user guo 12345678

友情提示

★echo 是注释命令,它后面的内容不会被执行。date 和time 分别是显示日期和时间的命令参数“/t”表示仅输出当前的日期和时间,不提示输入新的时间。“>>”实际上是一个重定向命令,表示把前面得到的日期和时间以追加的方式输入到后面的文本文件中。注意,表示目录的“\”一定要双写。最后一行的net 命令,是防止侵入者修改登录的密码的。

第2步:单击“开始→运行”,输入“gpedit.msc ”命令打开组策略对话框,在左侧点击展开“计算机配置→Windows 设置→脚本(启动/关机)”,再在右侧双击“启动”打开它的属性窗口,通过“添加”导入上一步中制作的“startup.cmd ”。同样方法,为“关机”添加“shutdown.cmd ”。

第二天,几个人又打开小郭的电脑,果然在C 盘下找到了startup.log 和shutdown.log 文件,时间显示,那个神秘人是在中午12:00左右登录的。此时正是客栈最忙的时候,会是谁呢?于是连续几天的中午,白展堂一边假装跑堂一边偷偷监视小郭的房间,这天中午果见一个黑影闪了进去„„欲知此人是谁,且听下回分解。

【拍摄花絮】

感想之一:无处可逃

在搜索这两集故事素材的过程中,发现想要攻破Windows XP 真的不是什么难事,通过光盘启动系统到DOS 或WinPE 环境下,再通过软件修改密码就可以了。所以,设置开机密码,让别人无法从光驱或U 盘之类的设备引导进入系统,无疑能增强系统的安全系数。下面以AwardBIOS 为例说明:

开机后按Delete 键进入BIOS 设置界面,选中“User Password”项,按PageUp 或PageDown 键,把它设置为“Enable ”,根据提示输入密码就可以了(千万别把密码忘了,否则连自己都进不去)。

感想之二:“高手”约等于BT

Windows XP的开机脚本,类似于DOS 下的Autoexec.bat ,开机的时候这个文件会自动执行一些命令。通过组策略很容易设置开/关机脚本,但一些“高手”却喜欢以纯手工的方式来进行。可在C:\WINDOWS\System32\GroupPolicy\Machine\Scripts目录下建立scripts.ini 文件,在“0CmdLine ”参数后设置好要使用的批处理文件的路径即可,内容如下:

[Startup]

0CmdLine=C:\...\startup.cmd

0Parameters=

[Shutdown]

0CmdLine=C:\...\shutdown.cmd

0Parameters=

只有想不到,没有做不到。充分利用开/关机的自动执行功能,可以大大提供我们的工作效率,如自动清理垃圾、自动清理IE 历史纪录、自动备份重要文件等。微软设置这一功能的初衷,是为了让我们更好地利用计算机,而不是拿它来为难别人的。

【武林英雄贴】

这个故事能否继续下去,就看大家支不支持了。如果您喜欢这种以武侠来讲解电脑知识的形式,别忘了来个E-mail 或者到论坛http://bbs.cfan.com.cn/forum-144-1.html支持一下哦。另外,您也可以编写续集,让自己成为其中的主角。写稿时请注意:普及电脑知识是主要的,武侠娱乐则为辅。

【武林轶事】Windows 文件快速操作秘技2则

小李飞刀的刀独步武林,奥妙何在?阿飞答到:快,超乎想像的快!百晓生捻须一笑:非也非也。“小李飞刀的神奇,不在快而在火候。既不快又不慢,恰到好处。”看着阿飞茫然不解,百晓生进一步说道,比如下面的两种操作,实际上就是对火候的把握,相信你看过之后就明白了:

1. 快速查找特定文件/文件夹

比如,在资源管理器中,按下一个字母键,如w 键,会很快定位到以w 开头的文件或文件夹,再按下i 键,又会快速定位到以i 键开头的文件;但是,如果你稍稍加快速度,连续输入“windows ”,则马上定位到“windows ”文件或文件夹,又快又准。

2. 快速更改文件/文件夹名

又比如,在Windows XP 的资源管理器中,单击文件或文件夹,是选中;快速单击2次(即双击),是打开。如果你能以介于单击与双击之间的速度点击文件或文件夹,则可以快速给它们重命名,而不用右击后再选择“重命名”这样麻烦了。

ftp常用密令作文11500字

五年级作文

FTP 常用命令

Ftp 命令的功能是在本地机和远程机之间传送文件。该命令的一般格式如下: c:> ftp 主机名/IP

最常用的命令有:

ls 列出远程机的当前目录

cd 在远程机上改变工作目录

lcd 在本地机上改变工作目录

ascii 设置文件传输方式为ASCII 模式

binary 设置文件传输方式为二进制模式

close 终止当前的ftp 会话

hash 每次传输完数据缓冲区中的数据后就显示一个#号

get (mget ) 从远程机传送指定文件到本地机

put (mput ) 从本地机传送指定文件到远程机

open 连接远程ftp 站点

quit 断开与远程机的连接并退出ftp

关闭weblogic 命令:./stopWebLogic.sh

启动weblogic 命令:nohup ./startWebLogic.sh &

? 显示本地帮助信息

打war 包:

jar -cvf *.war ./

解war 包:

jar vxf *.war ./

删除文件夹

rm –rf 文件夹名

linux :

删除文件夹

Rm –r –f 文件夹名(删除文件夹中含有文件)

Rm –r 文件夹名;

创建文件

Mkdir –m 777 文件名

返回根目录

Cd /

拷贝

Cp 文件名 文件夹名

看tomcat 的日志

Tail –f catalina.out

查看磁盘空间

Df –k

清空日志

磁盘系统信息读取

Df –l

进程系统信息读取

ps -ef

> catalina.out

创建文件

touch 文件名。

2.

apache-ant-1.6.5-bin.tar.gz 的压缩包

首先用gunzip apache-ant-1.6.5-bin.tar.gz 密令去掉.gz

然后用 tar xvf apache-ant-1.6.5-bin.tar 密令去掉tar 解压缩

netstat -an|grep 21

查看进程的用户标识(UID )、进程号(PID )、进程占用CPU 时间(Time )、进程执行命令(CMD )四个字段的值

ps -ef | awk ‘{ print $1,$2,$7,$8 }' ----linux 下

查看服务器上进程的内存使用情况

ps -aux|awk '{print $3,$11}'|sort -r ------linux 下

ps -ef | awk '{print $3,$11,$8}'|sort -r --unix 下

# ioscan -fnC processor-------unix查看cpu

Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description

===================================================================

processor 0 0/10 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 1 0/11 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 2 0/14 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 3 0/15 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 4 1/10 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 5 1/11 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 6 1/12 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 7 1/13 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 8 1/14 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 9 1/15 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

#

cat /proc/cpuinfo---linux 查看cpu

[root@dl360 ismpweb-test]# free----linux 查看内存

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 2061652 1973624 88028 0 39548 785168 -/+ buffers/cache: 1148908 912744

Swap: 2044072 34284 2009788

[root@dl360 ismpweb-test]#

[root@dl360 ismpweb-test]# df -h---linux 查看硬盘

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/cciss/c0d0p2 32G 29G 1.2G 96% /

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 97M 15M 77M 16% /boot

none 1007M 0 1007M 0% /dev/shm

[root@dl360 ismpweb-test]#

# model

9000/800/rp7420

FTP 常用命令

2006年08月02日 星期三 15:59

1. 登陆命令:

$ftp 服务器命或服务器ip 地址

username:用户名

password:密码

ftp>

2. 目录操命令:

显示目录下的文件:

ftp>ls

显示服务器上的目录:

ftp>ls H*

查看当前目录:

ftp>cd(或pwd)

进入上一级目录

ftp>cd ..

更改本地机上的当前目录

ftp>lcd /usr/loca //把当前目录改成/usr/loca

进入子目录:

ftp>cd 子目录名

3. 文件传输命令:

下载命令:

ftp>get 诗经·氓.rtf

下载多个文件:

ftp>mget 诗经·氓.rtf hello.rtp 郭鹏翔.jpg

**注:mget 命令允许用通配符考贝多个文件。mget 命令会提示用户输入待拷

贝的每个文件。如果回答y ,那么文件拷贝到本地机上的当前目录下。 上传命令:

ftp>put hello.rtf //上传hello.rtf 文件到远端的ftp 服务器上。 上传多个文件:

ftp>mput 诗经·氓.rtf hello.rtf pr命令.rtf

**注意:mput 和mget 命令要注意两个问题:

(1)、不能对目标文件指定命字,在命令行上所有的文件都视做源文件

(2)、mput,mget 两个命令不能对目录进行上传下载,只能对文件

4. 设置文件的传输方式:

二进制传输:

ftp>binary //把传输模式转换一下

ftp>put putty.exe

ascII 传输:

ftp>ascii //把传输模式转换成ascII 模式

ftp>put hello.txe

**注:文件传送有两种方式,即ASCII 码和二进制码。ASCII 方式传送略快些,但要求被传送文件必须是ASCII 码文本文件。二进制码方式可以传送文本和非文本,因此,对所有文件传送都可以用二进制方式。输入命令ascii ,设置为ASCII 方式。输入命令binary 为二进制方式。

5. 退出命令:

ftp>quit

6. 文件处理:

我们在传输文件时常会遇到传输大文件这时我们要做到提高上传速度,和以后上传后以后下载的输度,我们就需要对文件在上传前做些处里如压缩,切割等操做。 还有就是有时为了不破坏原有结构,我们要做传一个目录里的文件,这时我们就要在上传前对文件做个打包如我们要把/home/eagle下的所有文件全传到ftp 服务器里,我们要把文件打个包方法如下:

$tar czvf a.tar.gz /home/eagle //把/home/eagle目录打一个a.tar.gz 的压缩包

ftp>put a.tar.gz

解压:

ftp>get a.tar.gz

$tar zxvf a.tar.gz

7. 其它常用命令:

bye:退出ftp 命令状态。

cd directory:改变远地计算机的工作目录

close :结束与远地主机系统的会话,回到ftp 命令状态。

delete filename:删除远地主机系统上指定名的文件。

dir:列出当前目录下的所有文件信息,包括文件名,文件长度及建立日期、时间。 driver:改变本地计算机的磁盘驱动器

exit:退出ftp 命令状态。

help:帮助

ls -LR:递归列表输出当前目录下的文件清单。

open:建立与远地计算机的连接,当你把文件上传到一台主机后,希望与另一个

新主机连接时可以用到它。(类似于群发)

prompt:在用mget 或mput 时很可能把以存在的或同名的文件覆盖,用它就可以防止了,如果有重复就可以把提示关掉把原有的覆盖,如不关就无法下载了。 user:用户名传送到远程计算机上,重新登陆

!:当ftp 运行时,可不退出ftp ,直接运行"!" 后就结束了你的操作。 crtl+退格:中断ftp 命令。

触发器

create or replace trigger SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEMS_TRG

after insert or update on cms_content_items

for each row

declare

mime_type varchar2(255);

syncntid number;

begin

select t.type into mime_type from cms_contents t where t.id=:new.content_id;

SELECT MAX(T.ID) INTO syncntid FROM dev.SYNC_CONTENTS T WHERE T.CONTENTID=:NEW.content_id; if inserting then

--video

if mime_type='06' then

insert into dev.sync_video_content(id,syncntid,itemid,contentid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

--mms:image

elsif mime_type='02' then

insert into dev.sync_image_content(id,syncntid,itemid,contentid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

--download:application

elsif mime_type='04' then

insert into dev.sync_application_content(id,syncntid,itemid,contentid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

--audio

elsif mime_type='09' then

insert into dev.sync_audio_content(id,syncntid,contentid,itemid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

end if;

elsif updating then

--video

if mime_type='06' then

insert into dev.sync_video_content(id,syncntid,itemid,contentid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

--mms:image

elsif mime_type='02' then

insert into dev.sync_image_content(id,syncntid,itemid,contentid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

--download:application

elsif mime_type='04' then

insert into dev.sync_application_content(id,syncntid,itemid,contentid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

--audio

elsif mime_type='09' then

insert into dev.sync_audio_content(id,syncntid,contentid,itemid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

end if;

end if;

end SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEMS_TRG;

===========================================================

2。。。。

create or replace trigger SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_TRG

after insert or update or delete on cms_contents

for each row

declare

-- local variables here

begin

if inserting then

--t.id,t.name_cn,t.name_en,t.description_cn,t.description_en,t.keywords,t.type,t.original_source,

--t.copyright_owner_cn,t.copyright_owner_en,t.effectivetime,t.expiretime,t.preview_info

insert into dev.sync_contents(id,opflag,contentid,flag,serviceid,namecn,nameen,descriptioncn,descriptionen,keywords,contenttype,originalsource,copyrightownercn,copyrightowneren,effecti vedate,expirydate,useragent,previewurl)

--

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_SEQ.nextval,'1',:new.id,'1',:new.SERIAL_NO,:new.name_cn,:new.name_en,:new.description_cn,:new.description_en,:new.keywords,:new.content_type,:new.original_source,:new.copyright_owner_cn,:new.copyright_owner_en,:new.effectivetime,:new.expiretime,'0',:new.preview_info);

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_SEQ.nextval,'1',:new.id,'1','1',:new.name_cn,:new.name_en,:new.description_cn,:new.description_en,:new.keywords,:new.content_type,:new.original_source,:new.copyright_owner_cn,:new.copyright_owner_en,:new.effectivetime,:new.expiretime,'0',:new.preview_info);

elsif updating then

insert into dev.sync_contents(id,opflag,contentid,flag,serviceid,namecn,nameen,descriptioncn,descriptionen,keywords,contenttype,originalsource,copyrightownercn,copyrightowneren,effecti vedate,expirydate,useragent,previewurl)

--

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_SEQ.nextval,'2',:new.id,'1',:new.SERIAL_NO,:new.name_cn,:new.name_en,:new.description_cn,:new.description_en,:new.keywords,:new.content_type,:new.original_source,:new.copyright_owner_cn,:new.copyright_owner_en,:new.effectivetime,:new.expiretime,'0',:new.preview_info);

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_SEQ.nextval,'2',:new.id,'1','1',:new.name_cn,:new.name_en,:new.description_cn,:new.description_en,:new.keywords,:new.content_type,:new.original_source,:new.copyright_owner_cn,:new.copyright_owner_en,:new.effectivetime,:new.expiretime,'0',:new.preview_info);

elsif deleting then

insert into dev.sync_contents(id,opflag,contentid,flag,serviceid,namecn,nameen,descriptioncn,descriptionen,keywords,contenttype,originalsource,copyrightownercn,copyrightowneren,effecti vedate,expirydate,useragent,previewurl)

--

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_SEQ.nextval,'3',:old.id,'1',:old.SERIAL_NO,:old.name_cn,:old.name_en,:old.description_cn,:old.description_en,:old.keywords,:old.content_type,:old.original_source,:old.copyright_owner_cn,:old.copyright_owner_en,:old.effectivetime,:old.expiretime,'0',:old.preview_info);

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_SEQ.nextval,'3',:old.id,'1','1',:old.name_cn,:old.name_en,:old.description_cn,:old.description_en,:old.keywords,:old.content_type,:old.original_source,:old.copyright_owner_cn,:old.copyright_owner_en,:old.effectivetime,:old.expiretime,'0',:old.preview_info);

end if;

end SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_TRG;

wsdl 参数配置

Options:

-h, --help

print this message and exit

-v, --verbose

print informational messages

-n, --noImports

only generate code for the immediate WSDL document

-O, --timeout <argument>

timeout in seconds (default is 45, specify -1 to disable)

-D, --Debug

print debug information

-W, --noWrapped

turn off support for "wrapped" document/literal

-q, --quiet

do not print any informational or debug messages (except err

ors)

-s, --server-side

emit server-side bindings for web service

-S, --skeletonDeploy <argument>

deploy skeleton (true) or implementation (false) in deploy.wsdd. Default is false. Assumes --server-side.

-N, --NStoPkg <argument>=<value>

mapping of namespace to package

-f, --fileNStoPkg <argument>

file of NStoPkg mappings (default NStoPkg.properties)

-p, --package <argument>

override all namespace to package mappings, use this package

name instead

-o, --output <argument>

output directory for emitted files

-d, --deployScope <argument>

add scope to deploy.wsdd: "Application", "Request", "Session

"

-t, --testCase

emit junit testcase class for web service

-a, --all

generate code for all elements, even unreferenced ones

-T, --typeMappingVersion <argument>

indicate 1.1 or 1.2. The default is 1.1 (SOAP 1.1 JAX-RPC c

ompliant. 1.2 indicates SOAP 1.1 encoded.)

-F, --factory <argument>

name of a custom class that implements GeneratorFactory inte

rface (for extending Java generation functions)

-H, --helperGen

emits separate Helper classes for meta data

-B, --buildFile

emit Ant Buildfile for web service

-U, --user <argument>

username to access the WSDL-URI

-P, --password <argument>

password to access the WSDL-URI

-X, --classpath

additional classpath elements

-i, --nsInclude <argument>

include namespace in generated code

-x, --nsExclude <argument>

exclude namespace from generated code

-c, --implementationClassName <argument>

custom name of web service implementation

-u, --allowInvalidURL

emit file even if WSDL endpoint URL is not a valid URL

-w, --wrapArrays

Prefers building beans to straight arrays for wrapped XML ar ray types (defaults to off). //unix proftpd安装 Mysql 常用命令:

1. 如果mysql 在自己的本机。

比如说mysql 装在. C:\mysql

命令行;c:mysql/bin/

Mysql –uroot; Show databases; Use databasename; Create tabalename; Drop tatablename

FTP 常用命令

Ftp 命令的功能是在本地机和远程机之间传送文件。该命令的一般格式如下: c:> ftp 主机名/IP

最常用的命令有:

ls 列出远程机的当前目录

cd 在远程机上改变工作目录

lcd 在本地机上改变工作目录

ascii 设置文件传输方式为ASCII 模式

binary 设置文件传输方式为二进制模式

close 终止当前的ftp 会话

hash 每次传输完数据缓冲区中的数据后就显示一个#号

get (mget ) 从远程机传送指定文件到本地机

put (mput ) 从本地机传送指定文件到远程机

open 连接远程ftp 站点

quit 断开与远程机的连接并退出ftp

关闭weblogic 命令:./stopWebLogic.sh

启动weblogic 命令:nohup ./startWebLogic.sh &

? 显示本地帮助信息

打war 包:

jar -cvf *.war ./

解war 包:

jar vxf *.war ./

删除文件夹

rm –rf 文件夹名

linux :

删除文件夹

Rm –r –f 文件夹名(删除文件夹中含有文件)

Rm –r 文件夹名;

创建文件

Mkdir –m 777 文件名

返回根目录

Cd /

拷贝

Cp 文件名 文件夹名

看tomcat 的日志

Tail –f catalina.out

查看磁盘空间

Df –k

清空日志

磁盘系统信息读取

Df –l

进程系统信息读取

ps -ef

> catalina.out

创建文件

touch 文件名。

2.

apache-ant-1.6.5-bin.tar.gz 的压缩包

首先用gunzip apache-ant-1.6.5-bin.tar.gz 密令去掉.gz

然后用 tar xvf apache-ant-1.6.5-bin.tar 密令去掉tar 解压缩

netstat -an|grep 21

查看进程的用户标识(UID )、进程号(PID )、进程占用CPU 时间(Time )、进程执行命令(CMD )四个字段的值

ps -ef | awk ‘{ print $1,$2,$7,$8 }' ----linux 下

查看服务器上进程的内存使用情况

ps -aux|awk '{print $3,$11}'|sort -r ------linux 下

ps -ef | awk '{print $3,$11,$8}'|sort -r --unix 下

# ioscan -fnC processor-------unix查看cpu

Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description

===================================================================

processor 0 0/10 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 1 0/11 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 2 0/14 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 3 0/15 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 4 1/10 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 5 1/11 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 6 1/12 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 7 1/13 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 8 1/14 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

processor 9 1/15 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

#

cat /proc/cpuinfo---linux 查看cpu

[root@dl360 ismpweb-test]# free----linux 查看内存

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 2061652 1973624 88028 0 39548 785168 -/+ buffers/cache: 1148908 912744

Swap: 2044072 34284 2009788

[root@dl360 ismpweb-test]#

[root@dl360 ismpweb-test]# df -h---linux 查看硬盘

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/cciss/c0d0p2 32G 29G 1.2G 96% /

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 97M 15M 77M 16% /boot

none 1007M 0 1007M 0% /dev/shm

[root@dl360 ismpweb-test]#

# model

9000/800/rp7420

FTP 常用命令

2006年08月02日 星期三 15:59

1. 登陆命令:

$ftp 服务器命或服务器ip 地址

username:用户名

password:密码

ftp>

2. 目录操命令:

显示目录下的文件:

ftp>ls

显示服务器上的目录:

ftp>ls H*

查看当前目录:

ftp>cd(或pwd)

进入上一级目录

ftp>cd ..

更改本地机上的当前目录

ftp>lcd /usr/loca //把当前目录改成/usr/loca

进入子目录:

ftp>cd 子目录名

3. 文件传输命令:

下载命令:

ftp>get 诗经·氓.rtf

下载多个文件:

ftp>mget 诗经·氓.rtf hello.rtp 郭鹏翔.jpg

**注:mget 命令允许用通配符考贝多个文件。mget 命令会提示用户输入待拷

贝的每个文件。如果回答y ,那么文件拷贝到本地机上的当前目录下。 上传命令:

ftp>put hello.rtf //上传hello.rtf 文件到远端的ftp 服务器上。 上传多个文件:

ftp>mput 诗经·氓.rtf hello.rtf pr命令.rtf

**注意:mput 和mget 命令要注意两个问题:

(1)、不能对目标文件指定命字,在命令行上所有的文件都视做源文件

(2)、mput,mget 两个命令不能对目录进行上传下载,只能对文件

4. 设置文件的传输方式:

二进制传输:

ftp>binary //把传输模式转换一下

ftp>put putty.exe

ascII 传输:

ftp>ascii //把传输模式转换成ascII 模式

ftp>put hello.txe

**注:文件传送有两种方式,即ASCII 码和二进制码。ASCII 方式传送略快些,但要求被传送文件必须是ASCII 码文本文件。二进制码方式可以传送文本和非文本,因此,对所有文件传送都可以用二进制方式。输入命令ascii ,设置为ASCII 方式。输入命令binary 为二进制方式。

5. 退出命令:

ftp>quit

6. 文件处理:

我们在传输文件时常会遇到传输大文件这时我们要做到提高上传速度,和以后上传后以后下载的输度,我们就需要对文件在上传前做些处里如压缩,切割等操做。 还有就是有时为了不破坏原有结构,我们要做传一个目录里的文件,这时我们就要在上传前对文件做个打包如我们要把/home/eagle下的所有文件全传到ftp 服务器里,我们要把文件打个包方法如下:

$tar czvf a.tar.gz /home/eagle //把/home/eagle目录打一个a.tar.gz 的压缩包

ftp>put a.tar.gz

解压:

ftp>get a.tar.gz

$tar zxvf a.tar.gz

7. 其它常用命令:

bye:退出ftp 命令状态。

cd directory:改变远地计算机的工作目录

close :结束与远地主机系统的会话,回到ftp 命令状态。

delete filename:删除远地主机系统上指定名的文件。

dir:列出当前目录下的所有文件信息,包括文件名,文件长度及建立日期、时间。 driver:改变本地计算机的磁盘驱动器

exit:退出ftp 命令状态。

help:帮助

ls -LR:递归列表输出当前目录下的文件清单。

open:建立与远地计算机的连接,当你把文件上传到一台主机后,希望与另一个

新主机连接时可以用到它。(类似于群发)

prompt:在用mget 或mput 时很可能把以存在的或同名的文件覆盖,用它就可以防止了,如果有重复就可以把提示关掉把原有的覆盖,如不关就无法下载了。 user:用户名传送到远程计算机上,重新登陆

!:当ftp 运行时,可不退出ftp ,直接运行"!" 后就结束了你的操作。 crtl+退格:中断ftp 命令。

触发器

create or replace trigger SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEMS_TRG

after insert or update on cms_content_items

for each row

declare

mime_type varchar2(255);

syncntid number;

begin

select t.type into mime_type from cms_contents t where t.id=:new.content_id;

SELECT MAX(T.ID) INTO syncntid FROM dev.SYNC_CONTENTS T WHERE T.CONTENTID=:NEW.content_id; if inserting then

--video

if mime_type='06' then

insert into dev.sync_video_content(id,syncntid,itemid,contentid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

--mms:image

elsif mime_type='02' then

insert into dev.sync_image_content(id,syncntid,itemid,contentid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

--download:application

elsif mime_type='04' then

insert into dev.sync_application_content(id,syncntid,itemid,contentid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

--audio

elsif mime_type='09' then

insert into dev.sync_audio_content(id,syncntid,contentid,itemid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

end if;

elsif updating then

--video

if mime_type='06' then

insert into dev.sync_video_content(id,syncntid,itemid,contentid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

--mms:image

elsif mime_type='02' then

insert into dev.sync_image_content(id,syncntid,itemid,contentid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

--download:application

elsif mime_type='04' then

insert into dev.sync_application_content(id,syncntid,itemid,contentid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

--audio

elsif mime_type='09' then

insert into dev.sync_audio_content(id,syncntid,contentid,itemid,mimetype,contentsize,contenturl)

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEM_SEQ.NEXTVAL,syncntid,:new.id,:new.CONTENT_ID,mime_type,:new.SIZENUM,:new.CONTENT_URL);

end if;

end if;

end SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_ITEMS_TRG;

===========================================================

2。。。。

create or replace trigger SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_TRG

after insert or update or delete on cms_contents

for each row

declare

-- local variables here

begin

if inserting then

--t.id,t.name_cn,t.name_en,t.description_cn,t.description_en,t.keywords,t.type,t.original_source,

--t.copyright_owner_cn,t.copyright_owner_en,t.effectivetime,t.expiretime,t.preview_info

insert into dev.sync_contents(id,opflag,contentid,flag,serviceid,namecn,nameen,descriptioncn,descriptionen,keywords,contenttype,originalsource,copyrightownercn,copyrightowneren,effecti vedate,expirydate,useragent,previewurl)

--

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_SEQ.nextval,'1',:new.id,'1',:new.SERIAL_NO,:new.name_cn,:new.name_en,:new.description_cn,:new.description_en,:new.keywords,:new.content_type,:new.original_source,:new.copyright_owner_cn,:new.copyright_owner_en,:new.effectivetime,:new.expiretime,'0',:new.preview_info);

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_SEQ.nextval,'1',:new.id,'1','1',:new.name_cn,:new.name_en,:new.description_cn,:new.description_en,:new.keywords,:new.content_type,:new.original_source,:new.copyright_owner_cn,:new.copyright_owner_en,:new.effectivetime,:new.expiretime,'0',:new.preview_info);

elsif updating then

insert into dev.sync_contents(id,opflag,contentid,flag,serviceid,namecn,nameen,descriptioncn,descriptionen,keywords,contenttype,originalsource,copyrightownercn,copyrightowneren,effecti vedate,expirydate,useragent,previewurl)

--

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_SEQ.nextval,'2',:new.id,'1',:new.SERIAL_NO,:new.name_cn,:new.name_en,:new.description_cn,:new.description_en,:new.keywords,:new.content_type,:new.original_source,:new.copyright_owner_cn,:new.copyright_owner_en,:new.effectivetime,:new.expiretime,'0',:new.preview_info);

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_SEQ.nextval,'2',:new.id,'1','1',:new.name_cn,:new.name_en,:new.description_cn,:new.description_en,:new.keywords,:new.content_type,:new.original_source,:new.copyright_owner_cn,:new.copyright_owner_en,:new.effectivetime,:new.expiretime,'0',:new.preview_info);

elsif deleting then

insert into dev.sync_contents(id,opflag,contentid,flag,serviceid,namecn,nameen,descriptioncn,descriptionen,keywords,contenttype,originalsource,copyrightownercn,copyrightowneren,effecti vedate,expirydate,useragent,previewurl)

--

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_SEQ.nextval,'3',:old.id,'1',:old.SERIAL_NO,:old.name_cn,:old.name_en,:old.description_cn,:old.description_en,:old.keywords,:old.content_type,:old.original_source,:old.copyright_owner_cn,:old.copyright_owner_en,:old.effectivetime,:old.expiretime,'0',:old.preview_info);

values(SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_SEQ.nextval,'3',:old.id,'1','1',:old.name_cn,:old.name_en,:old.description_cn,:old.description_en,:old.keywords,:old.content_type,:old.original_source,:old.copyright_owner_cn,:old.copyright_owner_en,:old.effectivetime,:old.expiretime,'0',:old.preview_info);

end if;

end SYNC_CMS_CONTENTS_TRG;

wsdl 参数配置

Options:

-h, --help

print this message and exit

-v, --verbose

print informational messages

-n, --noImports

only generate code for the immediate WSDL document

-O, --timeout <argument>

timeout in seconds (default is 45, specify -1 to disable)

-D, --Debug

print debug information

-W, --noWrapped

turn off support for "wrapped" document/literal

-q, --quiet

do not print any informational or debug messages (except err

ors)

-s, --server-side

emit server-side bindings for web service

-S, --skeletonDeploy <argument>

deploy skeleton (true) or implementation (false) in deploy.wsdd. Default is false. Assumes --server-side.

-N, --NStoPkg <argument>=<value>

mapping of namespace to package

-f, --fileNStoPkg <argument>

file of NStoPkg mappings (default NStoPkg.properties)

-p, --package <argument>

override all namespace to package mappings, use this package

name instead

-o, --output <argument>

output directory for emitted files

-d, --deployScope <argument>

add scope to deploy.wsdd: "Application", "Request", "Session

"

-t, --testCase

emit junit testcase class for web service

-a, --all

generate code for all elements, even unreferenced ones

-T, --typeMappingVersion <argument>

indicate 1.1 or 1.2. The default is 1.1 (SOAP 1.1 JAX-RPC c

ompliant. 1.2 indicates SOAP 1.1 encoded.)

-F, --factory <argument>

name of a custom class that implements GeneratorFactory inte

rface (for extending Java generation functions)

-H, --helperGen

emits separate Helper classes for meta data

-B, --buildFile

emit Ant Buildfile for web service

-U, --user <argument>

username to access the WSDL-URI

-P, --password <argument>

password to access the WSDL-URI

-X, --classpath

additional classpath elements

-i, --nsInclude <argument>

include namespace in generated code

-x, --nsExclude <argument>

exclude namespace from generated code

-c, --implementationClassName <argument>

custom name of web service implementation

-u, --allowInvalidURL

emit file even if WSDL endpoint URL is not a valid URL

-w, --wrapArrays

Prefers building beans to straight arrays for wrapped XML ar ray types (defaults to off). //unix proftpd安装 Mysql 常用命令:

1. 如果mysql 在自己的本机。

比如说mysql 装在. C:\mysql

命令行;c:mysql/bin/

Mysql –uroot; Show databases; Use databasename; Create tabalename; Drop tatablename

常用的cmd密令作文20200字

五年级作文

cmd 命令大全(第一部分)

systeminfo 查看电脑基本信息

winver---------检查Windows 版本

wmimgmt.msc----打开windows 管理体系结构(WMI) wupdmgr--------windows 更新程序

wscript--------windows 脚本宿主设置

write----------写字板

winmsd---------系统信息

wiaacmgr-------扫描仪和照相机向导

winchat--------XP 自带局域网聊天

cmd 命令大全(第二部分)

mem.exe--------显示内存使用情况

Msconfig.exe---系统配置实用程序

mplayer2-------简易widnows media player mspaint--------画图板

mstsc----------远程桌面连接

mplayer2-------媒体播放机

magnify--------放大镜实用程序

mmc------------打开控制台

mobsync--------同步命令

cmd 命令大全(第三部分)

dxdiag---------检查DirectX 信息

drwtsn32------ 系统医生

devmgmt.msc--- 设备管理器

dfrg.msc-------磁盘碎片整理程序

diskmgmt.msc---磁盘管理实用程序

dcomcnfg-------打开系统组件服务

ddeshare-------打开DDE 共享设置

dvdplay--------DVD 播放器

cmd 命令大全(第四部分)

net stop messenger-----停止信使服务

net start messenger----开始信使服务

notepad--------打开记事本

nslookup-------网络管理的工具向导

ntbackup-------系统备份和还原

narrator-------屏幕“讲述人”

ntmsmgr.msc----移动存储管理器

ntmsoprq.msc---移动存储管理员操作请求 netstat -an----(TC)命令检查接口

cmd 命令大全(第五部分)

syncapp--------创建一个公文包

sysedit--------系统配置编辑器

sigverif-------文件签名验证程序

sndrec32-------录音机

shrpubw--------创建共享文件夹

secpol.m 转载自电脑十万个为什么http://www.qq880.com,请保留此标记sc-----本地安全策略

syskey---------系统加密,一旦加密就不能解开,保护windows xp系统的双重密码 services.msc---本地服务设置

Sndvol32-------音量控制程序

sfc.exe--------系统文件检查器

sfc /scannow---windows文件保护

cmd 命令大全(第六部分)

tsshutdn-------60秒倒计时关机命令

tourstart------xp 简介(安装完成后出现的漫游xp 程序)

taskmgr--------任务管理器

eventvwr-------事件查看器

eudcedit-------造字程序

explorer-------打开资源管理器

packager-------对象包装程序

perfmon.msc----计算机性能监测程序

progman--------程序管理器

regedit.exe----注册表

rsop.msc-------组策略结果集

regedt32-------注册表编辑器

rononce -p ----15秒关机

regsvr32 /u *.dll----停止dll 文件运行

regsvr32 /u zipfldr.dll------取消ZIP 支持

cmd 命令大全(第七部分)

cmd.exe--------CMD 命令提示符

chkdsk.exe-----Chkdsk 磁盘检查

certmgr.msc----证书管理实用程序

calc-----------启动计算器

charmap--------启动字符映射表

cliconfg-------SQL SERVER 客户端网络实用程序

Clipbrd--------剪贴板查看器

conf-----------启动netmeeting

compmgmt.msc---计算机管理

cleanmgr-------垃圾整理

ciadv.msc------索引服务程序

osk------------打开屏幕键盘

odbcad32-------ODBC 数据源管理器

oobe/msoobe /a----检查XP 是否激活

lusrmgr.msc----本机用户和组

logoff---------注销命令

iexpress-------木马捆绑工具,系统自带

Nslookup-------IP 地址侦测器

fsmgmt.msc-----共享文件夹管理器

utilman--------辅助工具管理器

gpedit.msc-----组策略

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - -

- - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-

gpedit.msc-----组策略 sndrec32-------

录音机 Nslookup-------IP

地址侦测器 explorer-------打开资源管理器 logoff---------注销命令

tsshutdn-------60秒倒计时关机命令 lusrmgr.msc----本机用户和组 services.msc---本地服务设置 oobe/msoobe /a----检查XP 是否激活 notepad--------打开记事本 cleanmgr-------垃圾整理 net start messenger----开始信使服务 compmgmt.msc---计算机管理 net stop messenger-----停止信使服务 conf-----------启动netmeeting dvdplay--------DVD 播放器 charmap--------启动字符映射表 diskmgmt.msc---磁盘管理实用程序 calc-----------启动计算器 dfrg.msc-------磁盘碎片整理程序 chkdsk.exe-----Chkdsk 磁盘检查 devmgmt.msc--- 设备管理器 regsvr32 /u *.dll----停止dll 文件运行 drwtsn32------ 系统医生 rononce -p ----15秒关机 dxdiag---------检查DirectX 信息 regedt32-------注册表编辑器 Msconfig.exe---系统配置实用程序 rsop.msc-------组策略结果集

mem.exe--------显示内存使用情况 regedit.exe----注册表 winchat--------XP 自带局域网聊天 progman--------程序管理器 winmsd---------系统信息 perfmon.msc----计算机性能监测程序 winver---------检查Windows 版本 sfc /scannow-----扫描错误并复原 winipcfg-------IP 配置 taskmgr-----任务管理器(2000/xp /2003) command--------cmd

fsmgmt.msc 共享文件夹 netstat -an----查看端口 osk 屏幕键盘 install.asp----修改注册网页 eventvwr.msc 时间查看器 secpol.msc

本地安全设置 services.msc 服务 2K accwiz.exe > 辅助工具

向导 acsetups.exe > acs setup dcom server executable actmovie.exe > 直接显示安装工具 append.exe > 允许程序打开制定

目录中的数据 arp.exe > 显示和更改计算机的ip 与硬件物理地址的对应

列表 at.exe > 计划运行任务 atmadm.exe > 调用管理器统计 attrib.exe > 显示和更改文件和文件夹属性 autochk.exe > 检测修复

文件系统 autoconv.exe > 在启动过程中自动转化系统 autofmt.exe > 在启动过程中格式化进程 autolfn.exe > 使用长文件名

格式 bootok.exe > boot acceptance application for registry bootvrfy.exe > 通报启动成功 cacls.exe > 显示和编辑acl calc.exe > 计算器 cdplayer.exe > cd播放器 change.exe > 与

终端服务器相关的查询 charmap.exe > 字符映射表 chglogon.exe > 启动或停用会话记录 chgport.exe > 改变端口(终端

服务) chgusr.exe > 改变用户(终端服务) chkdsk.exe > 磁

盘检测程序 chkntfs.exe > 磁盘检测程序 cidaemon.exe > 组

成ci 文档服务 cipher.exe > 在ntfs 上显示或改变加密的文件或目录 cisvc.exe > 索引内容 ckcnv.exe > 变换cookie cleanmgr.exe > 磁盘清理 cliconfg.exe > sql 客户网络工具 clipbrd.exe > 剪贴簿查看器 clipsrv.exe > 运行clipboard 服务 clspack.exe > 建立系统文件列表清单 cluster.exe > 显示域的集群 _cmd_.exe > 没什么好说的! cmdl32.exe > 自动下载连接管理 cmmgr32.exe > 连接管理器 cmmon32.exe > 连接管理器监视 cmstp.exe > 连接管理器配置文件安装程序 comclust.exe > 集群 comp.exe > 比较两个文件和文件集的内容* compact.exe > 显示或

改变ntfs 分区上文件的压缩状态 conime.exe > ime 控制台 control.exe > 控制面板 convert.exe > 转换文件系统到ntfs convlog.exe > 转换iis 日志文件格式到ncsa 格式 cprofile.exe > 转换显示模式 cscript.exe > 较本宿主版本 csrss.exe > 客户服务器runtime 进程 csvde.exe > 日至格式转换程序 dbgtrace.exe >

和terminal server 相关 dcomcnfg.exe > dcom 配置属性 dcphelp.exe > ? dcpromo.exe > ad安装向导 ddeshare.exe >

dde 共享 ddmprxy.exe > debug.exe > 就是debug 啦! dfrgfat.exe > fat分区磁盘碎片整理程序 dfrgntfs.exe > ntfs分区磁盘碎片整理程序 dfs_cmd_.exe > 配置一个dfs 树 dfsinit.exe >

分布式文件系统初始化 dfssvc.exe > 分布式文件系统服务器 diantz.exe > 制作cab 文件 diskperf.exe > 磁盘性能计数器

dllhost.exe > 所有com+应用软件的主进程 dllhst3g.exe > dmadmin.exe > 磁盘管理服务 dmremote.exe > 磁盘管理服务的一部分 dns.exe > dns applications dns doskey.exe > 命令行创

建宏 dosx.exe > dos 扩展 dplaysvr.exe > 直接运行帮助 drwatson.exe > 华生医生错误检测 drwtsn32.exe > 华生医生显示和配置管理 dtcsetup.exe > installs mdtc dvdplay.exe > dvd播放 dxdiag.exe > direct-x 诊断工具 edlin.exe > 命令行的文本

编辑器(历史悠久啊!) edlin.exe > 命令行的文本编辑器(历史悠久啊!) esentutl.exe > ms 数据库工具 eudcedit.exe > type 造字程序 eventvwr.exe > 事件查看器 evnt_cmd_.exe > event to trap translator; configuration tool evntwin.exe > event to trap

translator setup exe2bin.exe > 转换exe 文件到二进制

expand.exe > 解压缩

extrac32.exe > 解cab 工具 fastopen.exe > 快速访问在内存中的硬盘文件 faxcover.exe > 传真封面编辑 faxqueue.exe > 显示传真队列 faxsend.exe > 发送传真向导 faxsvc.exe > 启动传真服务 fc.exe > 比较两个文件的不同 find.exe > 查找文件中的文本行 findstr.exe > 查找文件中的行 finger.exe > 一个用户并显示出统计结果 fixmapi.exe >

修复mapi 文件 flattemp.exe > 允许或者禁用临时文件目录 fontview.exe > 显示字体文件中的字体 forcedos.exe > forces a file to start in dos mode. 强制文件在dos 模式下运行 freecell.exe > popular windows game 空当接龙 ftp.exe > file transfer protocol

used to transfer files over a network conne ction 就是ftp 了 gdi.exe > graphic device interface 图形界面驱动 grovel.exe > grpconv.exe > program manager group convertor 转换程序管理员组 help.exe > displays help for windows 2000 commands 显示帮助 hostname.exe > display hostname for machine. 显示机器的hostname ie4uinit.exe > ie5 user install tool ie5用户安装工具 ieshwiz.exe > customize folder wizard 自定义文件夹向导 iexpress.exe > create and setup packages for install 穿件安装包 iisreset.exe > restart iis admin service 重启iis 服务 internat.exe > keyboard language indicator applet 键盘语言指示器 ipconfig.exe > windows 2000 ip configuration. 察看ip 配置 ipsecmon.exe > ip security monitor ip安全监视器 ipxroute.exe > ipx routing and source routing control program ipx路由和源路由 控制程序 irftp.exe > setup ftp for wireless communication 无线连接 ismserv.exe > intersite

messaging service 安装或者删除service control manage r 中的服务 jdbgmgr.exe > microsoft debugger for java 4 java4的调试器 jetconv.exe > convert a jet engine database 转换jet engine 数据库 jetpack.exe > compact jet database. 压缩jet 数据库 jview.exe > command-line loader for java java 的命令行装载者 krnl386.exe > core component for windows 2000 2000的核心组件 label.exe > change label for drives 改变驱动器的卷标 lcwiz.exe > license

compliance wizard for local or remote systems. 许可证符合 向导

ldifde.exe > ldif cmd line manager ldif 目录交换命令行管理 licmgr.exe > terminal server license manager 终端服务许可协议管理 lights.exe > display connection status lights 显示连接状况 llsmgr.exe > windows 2000 license manager 2000许可协议管理 llssrv.exe > start the license server 启动许可协议服务器 lnkstub.exe > locator.exe > rpc locator 远程定位 lodctr.exe > load perfmon counters 调用性能计数 logoff.exe > log current user off. 注销用户 lpq.exe > displays status of a remote lpd queue 显示远端的lpd 打印队列的状态, 显示被送到基于unix 的服务器的打印任务 lpr.exe > send a print job to a network printer. 重定向打印任务到网络中的打印 机。通常用于unix 客户打印机将打印任务发送给连接了打印设备的nt 的打印机服务器。 lsass.exe > lsa executable and server dll 运行lsa 和server 的dll lserver.exe > specifies the

new dns domain for the default server 指定默认se rver 新的dns 域 os2.exe > an os/2 warp server (os2 /o) os/2 os2srv.exe > an os/2

warp server os/2 os2ss.exe > an os/2 warp server os/2 osk.exe > on screen keyboard 屏幕键盘 packager.exe > windows 2000 packager manager 对象包装程序 pathping.exe >

combination of ping and tracert 包含ping 和tracert 的程序 pax.exe > is a posix program and path names used as arguments must be specif ied in posix format. use "//c/users/default" instead of

"c:usersdefault." 启动便携式存档互换 (pax) 实用程序

pentnt.exe > used to check the pentium for the floating point division error . 检查pentium 的浮点错误 perfmon.exe > starts windows performance monitor 性能监视器 ping.exe > packet internet groper 验证与远程计算机的连接 posix.exe > used for backward compatibility with unix 用于兼容unix print.exe > cmd

line used to print files 打印文本文件或显示打印队列的内容。 progman.exe > program manager 程序管理器 proquota.exe > profile quota program psxss.exe > posix subsystem application posix 子系统应用程序 qappsrv.exe > displays the available application terminal servers on the net work 在网络上显示终端服务器可用的程序 qprocess.exe > display information about processes local or remote 在本地或远 程显示进程的信息(需终端服务) query.exe > query termserver user process and sessions 查询进程和对话 quser.exe > display information about a user logged on 显示用户登陆的信息(需 终端服务) qwinsta.exe > display

information about terminal sessions. 显示终端服务的信息 rasadmin.exe > start the remote access admin service 启动远程访问服务 rasautou.exe > creates a ras connection 建立一个ras 连接 rasdial.exe > dial a connection 拨号连接 ras.exe > starts a ras connection 运行ras 连接 rcp.exe > copies a file from and to a rcp service. 在 windows 2000 计算机和运 行远程外壳端口监控程序 rshd 的系统之间复制文件 rdpclip.exe > rdpclip allows you to copy

and paste files between a terminal session and client console session. 再终端和本地复制和粘贴文件 recover.exe > recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk 从坏 的或有缺陷的磁盘中恢复可读取的信息。 redir.exe > starts the redirector service 运行重定向服务 regedt32.exe > 32-bit register service 32位注册服务 regini.exe > modify registry permissions from within a script 用脚本修改注册 许可 register.exe > register a program so it can have special execution character istics. 注册包含特殊运行字符的程序 regsvc.exe > regsvr32.exe > registers and unregister"s dll"s. as to how and where it regi ster"s them i dont know. 注册和反注册dll regtrace.exe > options to tune debug

options for applications failing to dum p trace statements trace 设置 regwiz.exe > registration wizard 注册向导 remrras.exe > replace.exe > replace files 用源目录中的同名文件替换目标目录中的文件。 reset.exe > reset an active section 重置活动部分 rexec.exe > runs commands on remote hosts running the rexec service. 在运行 rexec 服务的远程计算机上运行命令。rexec 命令在执行指定命令前,验证远程计算机 上的用户名,只有安装了 tcp/ip 协议后才可以使用该命令。 risetup.exe > starts the remote

installation service wizard. 运行远程安装向导 服务 route.exe > display or edit the current routing tables. 控制网络路由表 routemon.exe > no longer supported 不再支持了! router.exe >

router software that runs either on a dedicated dos or on an os /2 system. route 软件在 dos 或者是os/2系统 rsh.exe > runs

commands on remote hosts running the rsh service 在运行 rsh 服 务的远程计算机上运行命令 rsm.exe > mounts and configures remote system media 配置远程系统媒体 rsnotify.exe > remote storage notification recall 远程存储通知回显 rsvp.exe > resource reservation protocol 源预约协议 runas.exe > run a program as

another user 允许用户用其他权限运行指定的工具和 程序 rundll32.exe > launches a 32-bit dll program 启动32位dll 程序 runonce.exe > causes a program to run during startup 运行程序再开始菜单中 rwinsta.exe > reset the session subsystem hardware and software to known ini tial values 重置会话子系统硬件和软件到最初的值 savedump.exe > does not write to e:winntuser.dmp 不写入user.dmp 中 scardsvr.exe > smart card resource management server 子能卡资源管理服务器 schupgr.exe > it will read the schema update files (.ldf files) and upgrade the schema. (part of adsi) 读取计划更新文件和更新计划 secedit.exe > starts security editor help 自动安全性配置管理 services.exe > controls all the services 控制所有服务 sethc.exe > set high contrast - changes colours and display

mode logoff to s et it back to normal 设置高对比 setreg.exe > shows the software publishing state key values 显示软件发布的国 家语言 setup.exe > gui box prompts you to goto

control panel to configure system co mponents 安装程序(转到控制面板) setver.exe > set version for files 设置 ms-dos 子系统向程序报告的 ms-dos 版本 号 sfc.exe > system file checker test

and check system files for integrity 系统 文件检查 sfmprint.exe > print services for macintosh 打印macintosh 服务 sfmpsexe.exe > sfmsvc.exe > shadow.exe > monitor

another terminal services session. 监控另外一台中端服务 器会话 share.exe > windows 2000 和 ms-dos 子系统不使用该命令。接受该命令只

是为了与 ms-dos 文件兼容 shmgrate.exe > shrpubw.exe > create and share folders 建立和共享文件夹 sigverif.exe > file signature verification 文件签名验证 skeys.exe > serial keys utility 序列号制作工具 smlogsvc.exe > performance logs and alerts 性能日志和警报 smss.exe > sndrec32.exe > starts the windows sound recorder 录音机 sndvol32.exe > display the current volume information 显示声音控制信息 snmp.exe > simple network management protocol used for network mangement 简单 网络管理协议 snmptrap.exe > utility used with snmp

snmp 工具 sol.exe > windows solitaire game 纸牌 sort.exe > compares files and folders 读取输入、排序数据并将结果写到屏幕、文 件和其他设备上 SPOOLSV.EXE > Part of the spooler

service for printing 打印池服务的一部分 sprestrt.exe > srvmgr.exe > Starts the Windows Server Manager 服务器管理器

stimon.exe > WDM StillImage- > Monitor stisvc.exe > WDM StillImage- > Service subst.exe > Associates a path with a drive letter 将路径与驱动器盘符关联 svchost.exe > Svchost.exe is a generic host process name for services that a re run from dynamic-link libraries (DLLs). DLL得主进程 syncapp.exe > Creates Windows Briefcase. 创建Windows 文件包 sysedit.exe > Opens Editor for 4 system files 系统配置编辑器 syskey.exe > Encrypt and secure system database NT 账号数据库按群工具 sysocmgr.exe > Windows 2000 Setup 2000安装程序 systray.exe > Starts the

systray in the lower right corner. 在低权限运行syst ray macfile.exe > Used for managing MACFILES 管理MACFILES magnify.exe > Used to magnify the current screen 放大镜 makecab.exe > MS Cabinet Maker 制作CAB 文件 mdm.exe > Machine Debug Manager 机器调试管理 mem.exe > Display current Memory stats 显示内存状态 migpwd.exe > Migrate passwords. 迁移密码 mmc.exe > Microsoft Management Console 控制台 mnmsrvc.exe > Netmeeting Remote Desktop Sharing NetMeeting 远程桌面共享 mobsync.exe > Manage Synchronization. 同步目录管理器 mountvol.exe > Creates, deletes,

or lists a volume mount point. 创建、删除或 列出卷的装入点。 mplay32.exe > MS Media Player 媒体播放器 mpnotify.exe >

Multiple Provider Notification application 多提供者通知应用程 序

mq1sync.exe > mqbkup.exe > MS Message Queue Backup and Restore Utility 信息队列备份和恢复工 具 mqexchng.exe >

MSMQ Exchange Connector Setup 信息队列交换连接设置 mqmig.exe > MSMQ Migration Utility 信息队列迁移工具 mqsvc.exe > ? mrinfo.exe > Multicast routing using SNMP 使用SNMP 多点传送路由 mscdexnt.exe > Installs MSCD (MS CD Extensions) 安装MSCD msdtc.exe > Dynamic Transaction Controller Console 动态事务处理控制台 msg.exe > Send a

message to a user local or remote. 发送消息到本地或远程客户 mshta.exe > HTML Application HOST HTML 应用程序主机 msiexec.exe > Starts Windows Installer Program 开始Windows 安装程序 mspaint.exe > Microsoft Paint 画板

msswchx.exe > mstask.exe > Task Schedule Program 任务计划表程序 mstinit.exe > Task scheduler setup 任务计划表安装 narrator.exe > Program will allow you to have a narrator for reading. Micros oft 讲述人 nbtstat.exe > Displays protocol stats and current TCP/IP connections using N BT 使用 NBT (TCP/IP 上的 NetBIOS )显示协议统计和当前 TCP/IP 连接。 nddeapir.exe > NDDE API Server side

NDDE API 服务器端 net.exe > Net Utility 详细用法看/? net1.exe > Net Utility updated version from MS Net 的升级版 netdde.exe > Network DDE will install itself into the background 安装自己到后 台 netsh.exe > Creates a shell for network

information 用于配置和监控 Windows 2 000 命令行脚本接口。 netstat.exe > Displays current connections. 显示协议统计和当前的 TCP/IP 网络 连接。 nlsfunc.exe > Loads country-specific information 加载特定国家(地区)的信息。 Windows 2000 和

MS-DOS 子系统不使用该命令。接受该命令只是为了与 MS-DOS 文件兼 容。 notepad.exe > Opens Windows 2000 Notepad 记事本 nslookup.exe > Displays information for DNS 该诊断工具显示来自域名系统 (DNS) 名称服务器的信息。 ntbackup.exe > Opens the NT Backup Utility 备份和故障修复工具 ntbooks.exe > Starts Windows Help Utility 帮助 ntdsutil.exe > Performs DB maintenance of the ADSI 完成ADSI 的DB 的维护 ntfrs.exe > NT File Replication Service NT 文件复制服务 ntfrsupg.exe > ntkrnlpa.exe > Kernel patch

核心补丁 ntoskrnl.exe > Core NT Kernel KT 的核心 ntsd.exe > ntvdm.exe > Simulates a 16-bit Windows environment 模拟16位Windows 环境 nw16.exe > Netware Redirector NetWare

转向器 nwscript.exe > runs netware scripts 运行Netware 脚本 odbcad32.exe > ODBC 32-bit Administrator 32位ODBC 管理 odbcconf.exe > Configure ODBC driver"s and data source"s from

command line 命 令行配置ODBC 驱动和数据源 taskman.exe > Task Manager 任务管理器 taskmgr.exe > Starts the Windows 2000 Task Manager 任务管理器 tcmsetup.exe > telephony client wizard 电话服务客户安装 tcpsvcs.exe > TCP

Services TCP 服务 .exe > Telnet Utility used to connect to Telnet Server termsrv.exe > Terminal Server 终端服务 tftp.exe >

Trivial FTP 将文件传输到正在运行 TFTP 服务的远程计算机或从正在运行 TFTP 服务的远程计算机传输文件 tftpd.exe > Trivial FTP Daemon themes.exe > Change Windows Themes 桌面主题 tlntadmn.exe > Telnet Server Administrator Telnet服务管理 tlntsess.exe > Display the current Telnet Sessions 显示目前的Telnet 会话 tlntsvr.exe > Start the Telnet Server 开始Telnet 服务 tracert.exe > Trace a route to display paths 该诊断实用程序将包含不同生存时间 (TTL) 值的

Internet 控制消息协议 (ICMP) 回显数据包发送到目标,以决定到达目标 采用的路由 tsadmin.exe > Terminal Server Administrator 终端服务管理器 tscon.exe > Attaches a user session to a terminal session. 粘贴用户会话到终端 对话 tsdiscon.exe > Disconnect a user from a terminal session 断开终端服务的用户 tskill.exe > Kill a Terminal server process 杀掉终端服务 tsprof.exe > Used with

Terminal Server to query results. 用终端服务得出查询结 果 tsshutdn.exe > Shutdown the system 关闭系统 unlodctr.exe > Part of performance monitoring 性能监视器的一部分 upg351db.exe > Upgrade a jet database 升级Jet 数据库 ups.exe > UPS service UPS

服务 user.exe > Core Windows Service Windows 核心服务 userinit.exe > Part of the winlogon process Winlogon 进程的一部分 usrmgr.exe > Start the windows user manager for domains 域用户管理器

utilman.exe > This tool enables an administrator to designate which computers automatically open accessibility tools when Windows 2000 starts. 指定2000启动时自动打开那台机器 verifier.exe > Driver Verifier Manager Driver Verifier Manager vwipxspx.exe > Loads IPX/SPX VDM 调用IPX/SPX VDM w32tm.exe > Windows Time Server 时间服务器 wextract.exe > Used to extract windows files 解压缩Windows 文件 winchat.exe > Opens Windows Chat 打开Windows 聊天 winhlp32.exe > Starts the Windows Help System 运行帮助系统 winlogon.exe > Used as part of the logon process.

Logon 进程的一部分 winmine.exe > windows Game 挖地雷 winmsd.exe > Windows Diagnostic utility 系统信息 wins.exe >

Wins Service Wins 服务 winspool.exe > Print Routing 打印路由 winver.exe > Displays the current version of Windows 显示Windows 版本 wizmgr.exe > Starts Windows Administration Wizards Windows管理向导 wjview.exe > Command line loader for Java 命令行调用Java wowdeb.exe > . For starters, the 32-bit APIs require that the WOWDEB.EXE tas k runs in the target debugee"s VM 启动时,32位API 需要 wowexec.exe > For running Windows over Windows

Applications 在Windows 应用程序 上运行Windows wpnpinst.exe > ? write.exe > Starts MS Write Program 写字板 wscript.exe > Windows Scripting Utility 脚本工具 wupdmgr.exe >

Starts the Windows update Wizard (Internet) 运行Windows 升级向导

xcopy.exe > 复制文件和目录,包括子目录

cmd 命令大全(第一部分)

systeminfo 查看电脑基本信息

winver---------检查Windows 版本

wmimgmt.msc----打开windows 管理体系结构(WMI) wupdmgr--------windows 更新程序

wscript--------windows 脚本宿主设置

write----------写字板

winmsd---------系统信息

wiaacmgr-------扫描仪和照相机向导

winchat--------XP 自带局域网聊天

cmd 命令大全(第二部分)

mem.exe--------显示内存使用情况

Msconfig.exe---系统配置实用程序

mplayer2-------简易widnows media player mspaint--------画图板

mstsc----------远程桌面连接

mplayer2-------媒体播放机

magnify--------放大镜实用程序

mmc------------打开控制台

mobsync--------同步命令

cmd 命令大全(第三部分)

dxdiag---------检查DirectX 信息

drwtsn32------ 系统医生

devmgmt.msc--- 设备管理器

dfrg.msc-------磁盘碎片整理程序

diskmgmt.msc---磁盘管理实用程序

dcomcnfg-------打开系统组件服务

ddeshare-------打开DDE 共享设置

dvdplay--------DVD 播放器

cmd 命令大全(第四部分)

net stop messenger-----停止信使服务

net start messenger----开始信使服务

notepad--------打开记事本

nslookup-------网络管理的工具向导

ntbackup-------系统备份和还原

narrator-------屏幕“讲述人”

ntmsmgr.msc----移动存储管理器

ntmsoprq.msc---移动存储管理员操作请求 netstat -an----(TC)命令检查接口

cmd 命令大全(第五部分)

syncapp--------创建一个公文包

sysedit--------系统配置编辑器

sigverif-------文件签名验证程序

sndrec32-------录音机

shrpubw--------创建共享文件夹

secpol.m 转载自电脑十万个为什么http://www.qq880.com,请保留此标记sc-----本地安全策略

syskey---------系统加密,一旦加密就不能解开,保护windows xp系统的双重密码 services.msc---本地服务设置

Sndvol32-------音量控制程序

sfc.exe--------系统文件检查器

sfc /scannow---windows文件保护

cmd 命令大全(第六部分)

tsshutdn-------60秒倒计时关机命令

tourstart------xp 简介(安装完成后出现的漫游xp 程序)

taskmgr--------任务管理器

eventvwr-------事件查看器

eudcedit-------造字程序

explorer-------打开资源管理器

packager-------对象包装程序

perfmon.msc----计算机性能监测程序

progman--------程序管理器

regedit.exe----注册表

rsop.msc-------组策略结果集

regedt32-------注册表编辑器

rononce -p ----15秒关机

regsvr32 /u *.dll----停止dll 文件运行

regsvr32 /u zipfldr.dll------取消ZIP 支持

cmd 命令大全(第七部分)

cmd.exe--------CMD 命令提示符

chkdsk.exe-----Chkdsk 磁盘检查

certmgr.msc----证书管理实用程序

calc-----------启动计算器

charmap--------启动字符映射表

cliconfg-------SQL SERVER 客户端网络实用程序

Clipbrd--------剪贴板查看器

conf-----------启动netmeeting

compmgmt.msc---计算机管理

cleanmgr-------垃圾整理

ciadv.msc------索引服务程序

osk------------打开屏幕键盘

odbcad32-------ODBC 数据源管理器

oobe/msoobe /a----检查XP 是否激活

lusrmgr.msc----本机用户和组

logoff---------注销命令

iexpress-------木马捆绑工具,系统自带

Nslookup-------IP 地址侦测器

fsmgmt.msc-----共享文件夹管理器

utilman--------辅助工具管理器

gpedit.msc-----组策略

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - -

- - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-

gpedit.msc-----组策略 sndrec32-------

录音机 Nslookup-------IP

地址侦测器 explorer-------打开资源管理器 logoff---------注销命令

tsshutdn-------60秒倒计时关机命令 lusrmgr.msc----本机用户和组 services.msc---本地服务设置 oobe/msoobe /a----检查XP 是否激活 notepad--------打开记事本 cleanmgr-------垃圾整理 net start messenger----开始信使服务 compmgmt.msc---计算机管理 net stop messenger-----停止信使服务 conf-----------启动netmeeting dvdplay--------DVD 播放器 charmap--------启动字符映射表 diskmgmt.msc---磁盘管理实用程序 calc-----------启动计算器 dfrg.msc-------磁盘碎片整理程序 chkdsk.exe-----Chkdsk 磁盘检查 devmgmt.msc--- 设备管理器 regsvr32 /u *.dll----停止dll 文件运行 drwtsn32------ 系统医生 rononce -p ----15秒关机 dxdiag---------检查DirectX 信息 regedt32-------注册表编辑器 Msconfig.exe---系统配置实用程序 rsop.msc-------组策略结果集

mem.exe--------显示内存使用情况 regedit.exe----注册表 winchat--------XP 自带局域网聊天 progman--------程序管理器 winmsd---------系统信息 perfmon.msc----计算机性能监测程序 winver---------检查Windows 版本 sfc /scannow-----扫描错误并复原 winipcfg-------IP 配置 taskmgr-----任务管理器(2000/xp /2003) command--------cmd

fsmgmt.msc 共享文件夹 netstat -an----查看端口 osk 屏幕键盘 install.asp----修改注册网页 eventvwr.msc 时间查看器 secpol.msc

本地安全设置 services.msc 服务 2K accwiz.exe > 辅助工具

向导 acsetups.exe > acs setup dcom server executable actmovie.exe > 直接显示安装工具 append.exe > 允许程序打开制定

目录中的数据 arp.exe > 显示和更改计算机的ip 与硬件物理地址的对应

列表 at.exe > 计划运行任务 atmadm.exe > 调用管理器统计 attrib.exe > 显示和更改文件和文件夹属性 autochk.exe > 检测修复

文件系统 autoconv.exe > 在启动过程中自动转化系统 autofmt.exe > 在启动过程中格式化进程 autolfn.exe > 使用长文件名

格式 bootok.exe > boot acceptance application for registry bootvrfy.exe > 通报启动成功 cacls.exe > 显示和编辑acl calc.exe > 计算器 cdplayer.exe > cd播放器 change.exe > 与

终端服务器相关的查询 charmap.exe > 字符映射表 chglogon.exe > 启动或停用会话记录 chgport.exe > 改变端口(终端

服务) chgusr.exe > 改变用户(终端服务) chkdsk.exe > 磁

盘检测程序 chkntfs.exe > 磁盘检测程序 cidaemon.exe > 组

成ci 文档服务 cipher.exe > 在ntfs 上显示或改变加密的文件或目录 cisvc.exe > 索引内容 ckcnv.exe > 变换cookie cleanmgr.exe > 磁盘清理 cliconfg.exe > sql 客户网络工具 clipbrd.exe > 剪贴簿查看器 clipsrv.exe > 运行clipboard 服务 clspack.exe > 建立系统文件列表清单 cluster.exe > 显示域的集群 _cmd_.exe > 没什么好说的! cmdl32.exe > 自动下载连接管理 cmmgr32.exe > 连接管理器 cmmon32.exe > 连接管理器监视 cmstp.exe > 连接管理器配置文件安装程序 comclust.exe > 集群 comp.exe > 比较两个文件和文件集的内容* compact.exe > 显示或

改变ntfs 分区上文件的压缩状态 conime.exe > ime 控制台 control.exe > 控制面板 convert.exe > 转换文件系统到ntfs convlog.exe > 转换iis 日志文件格式到ncsa 格式 cprofile.exe > 转换显示模式 cscript.exe > 较本宿主版本 csrss.exe > 客户服务器runtime 进程 csvde.exe > 日至格式转换程序 dbgtrace.exe >

和terminal server 相关 dcomcnfg.exe > dcom 配置属性 dcphelp.exe > ? dcpromo.exe > ad安装向导 ddeshare.exe >

dde 共享 ddmprxy.exe > debug.exe > 就是debug 啦! dfrgfat.exe > fat分区磁盘碎片整理程序 dfrgntfs.exe > ntfs分区磁盘碎片整理程序 dfs_cmd_.exe > 配置一个dfs 树 dfsinit.exe >

分布式文件系统初始化 dfssvc.exe > 分布式文件系统服务器 diantz.exe > 制作cab 文件 diskperf.exe > 磁盘性能计数器

dllhost.exe > 所有com+应用软件的主进程 dllhst3g.exe > dmadmin.exe > 磁盘管理服务 dmremote.exe > 磁盘管理服务的一部分 dns.exe > dns applications dns doskey.exe > 命令行创

建宏 dosx.exe > dos 扩展 dplaysvr.exe > 直接运行帮助 drwatson.exe > 华生医生错误检测 drwtsn32.exe > 华生医生显示和配置管理 dtcsetup.exe > installs mdtc dvdplay.exe > dvd播放 dxdiag.exe > direct-x 诊断工具 edlin.exe > 命令行的文本

编辑器(历史悠久啊!) edlin.exe > 命令行的文本编辑器(历史悠久啊!) esentutl.exe > ms 数据库工具 eudcedit.exe > type 造字程序 eventvwr.exe > 事件查看器 evnt_cmd_.exe > event to trap translator; configuration tool evntwin.exe > event to trap

translator setup exe2bin.exe > 转换exe 文件到二进制

expand.exe > 解压缩

extrac32.exe > 解cab 工具 fastopen.exe > 快速访问在内存中的硬盘文件 faxcover.exe > 传真封面编辑 faxqueue.exe > 显示传真队列 faxsend.exe > 发送传真向导 faxsvc.exe > 启动传真服务 fc.exe > 比较两个文件的不同 find.exe > 查找文件中的文本行 findstr.exe > 查找文件中的行 finger.exe > 一个用户并显示出统计结果 fixmapi.exe >

修复mapi 文件 flattemp.exe > 允许或者禁用临时文件目录 fontview.exe > 显示字体文件中的字体 forcedos.exe > forces a file to start in dos mode. 强制文件在dos 模式下运行 freecell.exe > popular windows game 空当接龙 ftp.exe > file transfer protocol

used to transfer files over a network conne ction 就是ftp 了 gdi.exe > graphic device interface 图形界面驱动 grovel.exe > grpconv.exe > program manager group convertor 转换程序管理员组 help.exe > displays help for windows 2000 commands 显示帮助 hostname.exe > display hostname for machine. 显示机器的hostname ie4uinit.exe > ie5 user install tool ie5用户安装工具 ieshwiz.exe > customize folder wizard 自定义文件夹向导 iexpress.exe > create and setup packages for install 穿件安装包 iisreset.exe > restart iis admin service 重启iis 服务 internat.exe > keyboard language indicator applet 键盘语言指示器 ipconfig.exe > windows 2000 ip configuration. 察看ip 配置 ipsecmon.exe > ip security monitor ip安全监视器 ipxroute.exe > ipx routing and source routing control program ipx路由和源路由 控制程序 irftp.exe > setup ftp for wireless communication 无线连接 ismserv.exe > intersite

messaging service 安装或者删除service control manage r 中的服务 jdbgmgr.exe > microsoft debugger for java 4 java4的调试器 jetconv.exe > convert a jet engine database 转换jet engine 数据库 jetpack.exe > compact jet database. 压缩jet 数据库 jview.exe > command-line loader for java java 的命令行装载者 krnl386.exe > core component for windows 2000 2000的核心组件 label.exe > change label for drives 改变驱动器的卷标 lcwiz.exe > license

compliance wizard for local or remote systems. 许可证符合 向导

ldifde.exe > ldif cmd line manager ldif 目录交换命令行管理 licmgr.exe > terminal server license manager 终端服务许可协议管理 lights.exe > display connection status lights 显示连接状况 llsmgr.exe > windows 2000 license manager 2000许可协议管理 llssrv.exe > start the license server 启动许可协议服务器 lnkstub.exe > locator.exe > rpc locator 远程定位 lodctr.exe > load perfmon counters 调用性能计数 logoff.exe > log current user off. 注销用户 lpq.exe > displays status of a remote lpd queue 显示远端的lpd 打印队列的状态, 显示被送到基于unix 的服务器的打印任务 lpr.exe > send a print job to a network printer. 重定向打印任务到网络中的打印 机。通常用于unix 客户打印机将打印任务发送给连接了打印设备的nt 的打印机服务器。 lsass.exe > lsa executable and server dll 运行lsa 和server 的dll lserver.exe > specifies the

new dns domain for the default server 指定默认se rver 新的dns 域 os2.exe > an os/2 warp server (os2 /o) os/2 os2srv.exe > an os/2

warp server os/2 os2ss.exe > an os/2 warp server os/2 osk.exe > on screen keyboard 屏幕键盘 packager.exe > windows 2000 packager manager 对象包装程序 pathping.exe >

combination of ping and tracert 包含ping 和tracert 的程序 pax.exe > is a posix program and path names used as arguments must be specif ied in posix format. use "//c/users/default" instead of

"c:usersdefault." 启动便携式存档互换 (pax) 实用程序

pentnt.exe > used to check the pentium for the floating point division error . 检查pentium 的浮点错误 perfmon.exe > starts windows performance monitor 性能监视器 ping.exe > packet internet groper 验证与远程计算机的连接 posix.exe > used for backward compatibility with unix 用于兼容unix print.exe > cmd

line used to print files 打印文本文件或显示打印队列的内容。 progman.exe > program manager 程序管理器 proquota.exe > profile quota program psxss.exe > posix subsystem application posix 子系统应用程序 qappsrv.exe > displays the available application terminal servers on the net work 在网络上显示终端服务器可用的程序 qprocess.exe > display information about processes local or remote 在本地或远 程显示进程的信息(需终端服务) query.exe > query termserver user process and sessions 查询进程和对话 quser.exe > display information about a user logged on 显示用户登陆的信息(需 终端服务) qwinsta.exe > display

information about terminal sessions. 显示终端服务的信息 rasadmin.exe > start the remote access admin service 启动远程访问服务 rasautou.exe > creates a ras connection 建立一个ras 连接 rasdial.exe > dial a connection 拨号连接 ras.exe > starts a ras connection 运行ras 连接 rcp.exe > copies a file from and to a rcp service. 在 windows 2000 计算机和运 行远程外壳端口监控程序 rshd 的系统之间复制文件 rdpclip.exe > rdpclip allows you to copy

and paste files between a terminal session and client console session. 再终端和本地复制和粘贴文件 recover.exe > recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk 从坏 的或有缺陷的磁盘中恢复可读取的信息。 redir.exe > starts the redirector service 运行重定向服务 regedt32.exe > 32-bit register service 32位注册服务 regini.exe > modify registry permissions from within a script 用脚本修改注册 许可 register.exe > register a program so it can have special execution character istics. 注册包含特殊运行字符的程序 regsvc.exe > regsvr32.exe > registers and unregister"s dll"s. as to how and where it regi ster"s them i dont know. 注册和反注册dll regtrace.exe > options to tune debug

options for applications failing to dum p trace statements trace 设置 regwiz.exe > registration wizard 注册向导 remrras.exe > replace.exe > replace files 用源目录中的同名文件替换目标目录中的文件。 reset.exe > reset an active section 重置活动部分 rexec.exe > runs commands on remote hosts running the rexec service. 在运行 rexec 服务的远程计算机上运行命令。rexec 命令在执行指定命令前,验证远程计算机 上的用户名,只有安装了 tcp/ip 协议后才可以使用该命令。 risetup.exe > starts the remote

installation service wizard. 运行远程安装向导 服务 route.exe > display or edit the current routing tables. 控制网络路由表 routemon.exe > no longer supported 不再支持了! router.exe >

router software that runs either on a dedicated dos or on an os /2 system. route 软件在 dos 或者是os/2系统 rsh.exe > runs

commands on remote hosts running the rsh service 在运行 rsh 服 务的远程计算机上运行命令 rsm.exe > mounts and configures remote system media 配置远程系统媒体 rsnotify.exe > remote storage notification recall 远程存储通知回显 rsvp.exe > resource reservation protocol 源预约协议 runas.exe > run a program as

another user 允许用户用其他权限运行指定的工具和 程序 rundll32.exe > launches a 32-bit dll program 启动32位dll 程序 runonce.exe > causes a program to run during startup 运行程序再开始菜单中 rwinsta.exe > reset the session subsystem hardware and software to known ini tial values 重置会话子系统硬件和软件到最初的值 savedump.exe > does not write to e:winntuser.dmp 不写入user.dmp 中 scardsvr.exe > smart card resource management server 子能卡资源管理服务器 schupgr.exe > it will read the schema update files (.ldf files) and upgrade the schema. (part of adsi) 读取计划更新文件和更新计划 secedit.exe > starts security editor help 自动安全性配置管理 services.exe > controls all the services 控制所有服务 sethc.exe > set high contrast - changes colours and display

mode logoff to s et it back to normal 设置高对比 setreg.exe > shows the software publishing state key values 显示软件发布的国 家语言 setup.exe > gui box prompts you to goto

control panel to configure system co mponents 安装程序(转到控制面板) setver.exe > set version for files 设置 ms-dos 子系统向程序报告的 ms-dos 版本 号 sfc.exe > system file checker test

and check system files for integrity 系统 文件检查 sfmprint.exe > print services for macintosh 打印macintosh 服务 sfmpsexe.exe > sfmsvc.exe > shadow.exe > monitor

another terminal services session. 监控另外一台中端服务 器会话 share.exe > windows 2000 和 ms-dos 子系统不使用该命令。接受该命令只

是为了与 ms-dos 文件兼容 shmgrate.exe > shrpubw.exe > create and share folders 建立和共享文件夹 sigverif.exe > file signature verification 文件签名验证 skeys.exe > serial keys utility 序列号制作工具 smlogsvc.exe > performance logs and alerts 性能日志和警报 smss.exe > sndrec32.exe > starts the windows sound recorder 录音机 sndvol32.exe > display the current volume information 显示声音控制信息 snmp.exe > simple network management protocol used for network mangement 简单 网络管理协议 snmptrap.exe > utility used with snmp

snmp 工具 sol.exe > windows solitaire game 纸牌 sort.exe > compares files and folders 读取输入、排序数据并将结果写到屏幕、文 件和其他设备上 SPOOLSV.EXE > Part of the spooler

service for printing 打印池服务的一部分 sprestrt.exe > srvmgr.exe > Starts the Windows Server Manager 服务器管理器

stimon.exe > WDM StillImage- > Monitor stisvc.exe > WDM StillImage- > Service subst.exe > Associates a path with a drive letter 将路径与驱动器盘符关联 svchost.exe > Svchost.exe is a generic host process name for services that a re run from dynamic-link libraries (DLLs). DLL得主进程 syncapp.exe > Creates Windows Briefcase. 创建Windows 文件包 sysedit.exe > Opens Editor for 4 system files 系统配置编辑器 syskey.exe > Encrypt and secure system database NT 账号数据库按群工具 sysocmgr.exe > Windows 2000 Setup 2000安装程序 systray.exe > Starts the

systray in the lower right corner. 在低权限运行syst ray macfile.exe > Used for managing MACFILES 管理MACFILES magnify.exe > Used to magnify the current screen 放大镜 makecab.exe > MS Cabinet Maker 制作CAB 文件 mdm.exe > Machine Debug Manager 机器调试管理 mem.exe > Display current Memory stats 显示内存状态 migpwd.exe > Migrate passwords. 迁移密码 mmc.exe > Microsoft Management Console 控制台 mnmsrvc.exe > Netmeeting Remote Desktop Sharing NetMeeting 远程桌面共享 mobsync.exe > Manage Synchronization. 同步目录管理器 mountvol.exe > Creates, deletes,

or lists a volume mount point. 创建、删除或 列出卷的装入点。 mplay32.exe > MS Media Player 媒体播放器 mpnotify.exe >

Multiple Provider Notification application 多提供者通知应用程 序

mq1sync.exe > mqbkup.exe > MS Message Queue Backup and Restore Utility 信息队列备份和恢复工 具 mqexchng.exe >

MSMQ Exchange Connector Setup 信息队列交换连接设置 mqmig.exe > MSMQ Migration Utility 信息队列迁移工具 mqsvc.exe > ? mrinfo.exe > Multicast routing using SNMP 使用SNMP 多点传送路由 mscdexnt.exe > Installs MSCD (MS CD Extensions) 安装MSCD msdtc.exe > Dynamic Transaction Controller Console 动态事务处理控制台 msg.exe > Send a

message to a user local or remote. 发送消息到本地或远程客户 mshta.exe > HTML Application HOST HTML 应用程序主机 msiexec.exe > Starts Windows Installer Program 开始Windows 安装程序 mspaint.exe > Microsoft Paint 画板

msswchx.exe > mstask.exe > Task Schedule Program 任务计划表程序 mstinit.exe > Task scheduler setup 任务计划表安装 narrator.exe > Program will allow you to have a narrator for reading. Micros oft 讲述人 nbtstat.exe > Displays protocol stats and current TCP/IP connections using N BT 使用 NBT (TCP/IP 上的 NetBIOS )显示协议统计和当前 TCP/IP 连接。 nddeapir.exe > NDDE API Server side

NDDE API 服务器端 net.exe > Net Utility 详细用法看/? net1.exe > Net Utility updated version from MS Net 的升级版 netdde.exe > Network DDE will install itself into the background 安装自己到后 台 netsh.exe > Creates a shell for network

information 用于配置和监控 Windows 2 000 命令行脚本接口。 netstat.exe > Displays current connections. 显示协议统计和当前的 TCP/IP 网络 连接。 nlsfunc.exe > Loads country-specific information 加载特定国家(地区)的信息。 Windows 2000 和

MS-DOS 子系统不使用该命令。接受该命令只是为了与 MS-DOS 文件兼 容。 notepad.exe > Opens Windows 2000 Notepad 记事本 nslookup.exe > Displays information for DNS 该诊断工具显示来自域名系统 (DNS) 名称服务器的信息。 ntbackup.exe > Opens the NT Backup Utility 备份和故障修复工具 ntbooks.exe > Starts Windows Help Utility 帮助 ntdsutil.exe > Performs DB maintenance of the ADSI 完成ADSI 的DB 的维护 ntfrs.exe > NT File Replication Service NT 文件复制服务 ntfrsupg.exe > ntkrnlpa.exe > Kernel patch

核心补丁 ntoskrnl.exe > Core NT Kernel KT 的核心 ntsd.exe > ntvdm.exe > Simulates a 16-bit Windows environment 模拟16位Windows 环境 nw16.exe > Netware Redirector NetWare

转向器 nwscript.exe > runs netware scripts 运行Netware 脚本 odbcad32.exe > ODBC 32-bit Administrator 32位ODBC 管理 odbcconf.exe > Configure ODBC driver"s and data source"s from

command line 命 令行配置ODBC 驱动和数据源 taskman.exe > Task Manager 任务管理器 taskmgr.exe > Starts the Windows 2000 Task Manager 任务管理器 tcmsetup.exe > telephony client wizard 电话服务客户安装 tcpsvcs.exe > TCP

Services TCP 服务 .exe > Telnet Utility used to connect to Telnet Server termsrv.exe > Terminal Server 终端服务 tftp.exe >

Trivial FTP 将文件传输到正在运行 TFTP 服务的远程计算机或从正在运行 TFTP 服务的远程计算机传输文件 tftpd.exe > Trivial FTP Daemon themes.exe > Change Windows Themes 桌面主题 tlntadmn.exe > Telnet Server Administrator Telnet服务管理 tlntsess.exe > Display the current Telnet Sessions 显示目前的Telnet 会话 tlntsvr.exe > Start the Telnet Server 开始Telnet 服务 tracert.exe > Trace a route to display paths 该诊断实用程序将包含不同生存时间 (TTL) 值的

Internet 控制消息协议 (ICMP) 回显数据包发送到目标,以决定到达目标 采用的路由 tsadmin.exe > Terminal Server Administrator 终端服务管理器 tscon.exe > Attaches a user session to a terminal session. 粘贴用户会话到终端 对话 tsdiscon.exe > Disconnect a user from a terminal session 断开终端服务的用户 tskill.exe > Kill a Terminal server process 杀掉终端服务 tsprof.exe > Used with

Terminal Server to query results. 用终端服务得出查询结 果 tsshutdn.exe > Shutdown the system 关闭系统 unlodctr.exe > Part of performance monitoring 性能监视器的一部分 upg351db.exe > Upgrade a jet database 升级Jet 数据库 ups.exe > UPS service UPS

服务 user.exe > Core Windows Service Windows 核心服务 userinit.exe > Part of the winlogon process Winlogon 进程的一部分 usrmgr.exe > Start the windows user manager for domains 域用户管理器

utilman.exe > This tool enables an administrator to designate which computers automatically open accessibility tools when Windows 2000 starts. 指定2000启动时自动打开那台机器 verifier.exe > Driver Verifier Manager Driver Verifier Manager vwipxspx.exe > Loads IPX/SPX VDM 调用IPX/SPX VDM w32tm.exe > Windows Time Server 时间服务器 wextract.exe > Used to extract windows files 解压缩Windows 文件 winchat.exe > Opens Windows Chat 打开Windows 聊天 winhlp32.exe > Starts the Windows Help System 运行帮助系统 winlogon.exe > Used as part of the logon process.

Logon 进程的一部分 winmine.exe > windows Game 挖地雷 winmsd.exe > Windows Diagnostic utility 系统信息 wins.exe >

Wins Service Wins 服务 winspool.exe > Print Routing 打印路由 winver.exe > Displays the current version of Windows 显示Windows 版本 wizmgr.exe > Starts Windows Administration Wizards Windows管理向导 wjview.exe > Command line loader for Java 命令行调用Java wowdeb.exe > . For starters, the 32-bit APIs require that the WOWDEB.EXE tas k runs in the target debugee"s VM 启动时,32位API 需要 wowexec.exe > For running Windows over Windows

Applications 在Windows 应用程序 上运行Windows wpnpinst.exe > ? write.exe > Starts MS Write Program 写字板 wscript.exe > Windows Scripting Utility 脚本工具 wupdmgr.exe >

Starts the Windows update Wizard (Internet) 运行Windows 升级向导

xcopy.exe > 复制文件和目录,包括子目录

热点作文1作文6400字

初三作文

热点作文1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Why Do People Like to Buy Lotteries? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1)目前社会上有许多人喜欢购买彩票 2)分析产生这种现象的原因 3)提出你的建议

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求分析产生这种现象的原因,提纲第3点要求“我”针对该现象给出建议,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述当前社会上人们热衷于购买彩票的现象;分析导致人们购买彩票的原因;针对购买彩票提出一至两点“我”的建议。

【参考范文】Why Do People Like to Buy Lotteries?

Nowadays, there exist all kinds of lotteries in our society, such as welfare lottery, sports lottery, computer lottery, and so forth. Anyone, whether men or women, the young or the old, may buy lottery tickets. But why do so many people like buying them?

The following reasons can account for the popularity of lotteries. First of all, most people are trying their luck on lottery tickets. They have a long-cherished dream of making big money overnight. In addition, there are some people who want to make donation to public welfare by buying lottery tickets. Besides, some people buy them just for fun.

As far as I am concerned, there are some risks in buying lotteries. People never should count on making big money by buying lotteries. Furthermore, lotteries to some extent are similar to gambling, so people should not spend too much money and energy on them. In a word, people should keep a clear head when buying lotteries.

热点作文2

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is Good Appearance More Important than Capability? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1)现在很多漂亮的女孩子尽管没有很强的能力仍能找到很好的工作,因此一些人得出结论说外貌比能力更重要

2)你是否同意?给出你的理由

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点提出一种有争议的看法,提纲第2点要求表明“我”的态度,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述目前很多漂亮的女孩子找工作更容易的现象,由此引出争议的观点:外貌比能力

重要;表明“我”是否同意该观点并说明理由;针对外貌和能力提出“我”的建议。

【参考范文】Is Good Appearance More Important than Capability?

Old people often tell the young, “Don ’t judge a person by his appearance ”, meaning capability is more important than appearance. However, nowadays, with more interviewers putting emphasis on looks and the appearance of the applicants, a lot of people come to the conclusion that appearance is more important than capability.

As for me, I can ’t agree with this argument. Good appearance is pleasant, but capability is more important, because it demonstrates one ’s self-cultivation and practical values. It shows the efforts and the glory of acquiring something through one ’s hard work whereas good looks bespeak no struggle of the individual. Besides, maybe sometimes a beautiful face can help a girl acquire a good position, but in the long run it is her talent not her look that really works in her career development.

Therefore, those without good appearance needn ’t feel depressed because one ’s success depends on his capability; those with good appearance have to work hard since good appearance cannot bring a person final success. 热点作文3

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cyber Crimes. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1)随着互联网的普及和应用,网络犯罪开始摆在世人面前 2)应该如何来打击和预防网络犯罪越来越成为人们必须要解决的一个难题3)作为大学生,你应该怎么做?

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点提出一个问题,提纲第2点指出解决该问题的紧迫性,提纲第3点要求谈谈大学生应该如何应对该问题,由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述网络犯罪出现的背景及问题现状;指出解决网络犯罪问题的紧迫型,说明解决办法;从大学生的角度谈谈应该如何应对网络犯罪。

【参考范文】 Cyber Crimes

With the popularization of Internet, cyber crimes have become a serious problem facing us. Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on the Internet. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property, others snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce, and still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses.

However, we shouldn ’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more. It ’s high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes. First, we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly. Moreover, we should develop high techniques as soon as possible to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes. Besides, more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the net immune

to all kinds of viruses.

As college students, we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes. For one thing, we should not use others ’ computers unless we get permission. For another, we should be honest to others on the Internet and not release or spread unreal information. In a word, it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes

热点作文4 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Test for National Civil Servants. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1)近几年兴起了一股报考国家公务员的热潮 2)分析产生这一现象的原因3)你对此的看法是„„

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出近几年社会上出现的一种现象,提纲第2点要求分析产生这种现象的原因,提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”对该现象的看法,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述近几年来报考国家公务员的热潮;分析产生这一热潮的主要原因;谈谈“我”对报考公务员的看法。

【参考范文】 Test for National Civil Servants

In recent years, there are more and more people who have participated in the test for national civil servants. Millions of students choose civil servant as their most ideal occupation after graduation. And among them, the high-educated, like masters and doctors, take quite a large percentage. The craze in civil servant test has attracted widespread attention.

The following reasons can account for this kind of craze. Above all, nowadays college students face great employment pressure. Civil servant, as one of the most stable professions in today’s China, becomes their preferable choice. Moreover, in recent years, the welfare and salary of civil servants have been improved greatly, which undoubtedly attracts many people. Besides, the high social position of civil servants is an important factor drawing many people to take part in the civil servant test

In my opinion, this craze in civil servant test will continue in the following years. However, from the long run, it doesn ’t do good to the development of the nation. If most high quality talents gather in the government departments, it might lead to a waste of resources. Therefore, both the individuals and the government should have a more objective recognition of the civil servant test craze.

热点作文1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Why Do People Like to Buy Lotteries? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1)目前社会上有许多人喜欢购买彩票 2)分析产生这种现象的原因 3)提出你的建议

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求分析产生这种现象的原因,提纲第3点要求“我”针对该现象给出建议,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述当前社会上人们热衷于购买彩票的现象;分析导致人们购买彩票的原因;针对购买彩票提出一至两点“我”的建议。

【参考范文】Why Do People Like to Buy Lotteries?

Nowadays, there exist all kinds of lotteries in our society, such as welfare lottery, sports lottery, computer lottery, and so forth. Anyone, whether men or women, the young or the old, may buy lottery tickets. But why do so many people like buying them?

The following reasons can account for the popularity of lotteries. First of all, most people are trying their luck on lottery tickets. They have a long-cherished dream of making big money overnight. In addition, there are some people who want to make donation to public welfare by buying lottery tickets. Besides, some people buy them just for fun.

As far as I am concerned, there are some risks in buying lotteries. People never should count on making big money by buying lotteries. Furthermore, lotteries to some extent are similar to gambling, so people should not spend too much money and energy on them. In a word, people should keep a clear head when buying lotteries.

热点作文2

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is Good Appearance More Important than Capability? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1)现在很多漂亮的女孩子尽管没有很强的能力仍能找到很好的工作,因此一些人得出结论说外貌比能力更重要

2)你是否同意?给出你的理由

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点提出一种有争议的看法,提纲第2点要求表明“我”的态度,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述目前很多漂亮的女孩子找工作更容易的现象,由此引出争议的观点:外貌比能力

重要;表明“我”是否同意该观点并说明理由;针对外貌和能力提出“我”的建议。

【参考范文】Is Good Appearance More Important than Capability?

Old people often tell the young, “Don ’t judge a person by his appearance ”, meaning capability is more important than appearance. However, nowadays, with more interviewers putting emphasis on looks and the appearance of the applicants, a lot of people come to the conclusion that appearance is more important than capability.

As for me, I can ’t agree with this argument. Good appearance is pleasant, but capability is more important, because it demonstrates one ’s self-cultivation and practical values. It shows the efforts and the glory of acquiring something through one ’s hard work whereas good looks bespeak no struggle of the individual. Besides, maybe sometimes a beautiful face can help a girl acquire a good position, but in the long run it is her talent not her look that really works in her career development.

Therefore, those without good appearance needn ’t feel depressed because one ’s success depends on his capability; those with good appearance have to work hard since good appearance cannot bring a person final success. 热点作文3

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cyber Crimes. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1)随着互联网的普及和应用,网络犯罪开始摆在世人面前 2)应该如何来打击和预防网络犯罪越来越成为人们必须要解决的一个难题3)作为大学生,你应该怎么做?

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点提出一个问题,提纲第2点指出解决该问题的紧迫性,提纲第3点要求谈谈大学生应该如何应对该问题,由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述网络犯罪出现的背景及问题现状;指出解决网络犯罪问题的紧迫型,说明解决办法;从大学生的角度谈谈应该如何应对网络犯罪。

【参考范文】 Cyber Crimes

With the popularization of Internet, cyber crimes have become a serious problem facing us. Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on the Internet. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property, others snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce, and still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses.

However, we shouldn ’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more. It ’s high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes. First, we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly. Moreover, we should develop high techniques as soon as possible to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes. Besides, more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the net immune

to all kinds of viruses.

As college students, we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes. For one thing, we should not use others ’ computers unless we get permission. For another, we should be honest to others on the Internet and not release or spread unreal information. In a word, it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes

热点作文4 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Test for National Civil Servants. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1)近几年兴起了一股报考国家公务员的热潮 2)分析产生这一现象的原因3)你对此的看法是„„

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出近几年社会上出现的一种现象,提纲第2点要求分析产生这种现象的原因,提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”对该现象的看法,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述近几年来报考国家公务员的热潮;分析产生这一热潮的主要原因;谈谈“我”对报考公务员的看法。

【参考范文】 Test for National Civil Servants

In recent years, there are more and more people who have participated in the test for national civil servants. Millions of students choose civil servant as their most ideal occupation after graduation. And among them, the high-educated, like masters and doctors, take quite a large percentage. The craze in civil servant test has attracted widespread attention.

The following reasons can account for this kind of craze. Above all, nowadays college students face great employment pressure. Civil servant, as one of the most stable professions in today’s China, becomes their preferable choice. Moreover, in recent years, the welfare and salary of civil servants have been improved greatly, which undoubtedly attracts many people. Besides, the high social position of civil servants is an important factor drawing many people to take part in the civil servant test

In my opinion, this craze in civil servant test will continue in the following years. However, from the long run, it doesn ’t do good to the development of the nation. If most high quality talents gather in the government departments, it might lead to a waste of resources. Therefore, both the individuals and the government should have a more objective recognition of the civil servant test craze.

热点话题作文作文13700字

三年级作文

、热点话题作文

(一) 社会生活问题

1. Go on a Diet

With the development of social economy, people pay more and more attention to their health and going on a diet becomes extremely popular. It keeps people from growing too fat and saves them from many inconveniences and fat-related diseases. At the same time, it provides people with sufficient nutrition to keep them in fit condition. Besides its good effects on people’s health, going on a diet can also help many young girls become slim and bring their dream into reality.

However, if carried too far, going on a diet could become extremely dangerous. For example, with all their eagerness to have a beautiful figure, some young women even risk their lives to lose weight. Even if it doesn’t cost their lives, it will damage their health to a certain degree.

Thus, apart from its positive effects, going on a diet has its side-effects. The proper way to use it is to put health in the first place. If it is good for our health, stick to it;If not, just abandon it.

2. Old People’s Problem

Nowadays, old people’s problem has become more and more prominent. With the emergence of the nuclear family, old people no longer live with their sons or daughters under the same roof. Instead, most of the old couples live by themselves. Thus the happiness of several generations living together has been lost and old people, due to their limited social circle, inevitably become lonely. If something unfortunate happens to them, nobody is close by to offer help. Another problem is that some old people, despite their pensions, can hardly support themselves sufficiently. They need financial help from their grown-up children in order to live comfortably.

Old people do not receive wide attention either from their families or from society because their middle-aged children care more about their careers, their own children and their living conditions than about their parents. Society also seems to have a lot of other important welfare to pay attention to.

How can we solve old people’s problem? In my opinion, old men and women shouldn’t be treated as a burden of family or society. Young people should take up the duty of taking care of them and respect them, which is always a good quality of Chinese people. They should spend more spare time with their parents. As for those old people without sons or daughters, such institutions as Old People ’s Homes should be set up to give the old people support or good care.

3. Why Is Imported Fast-Food So Popular?

In recent years, leading fast-food restaurant chains from abroad have been doing booming business in China. In the commercial centers of all the major cities you cannot help noticing their attractive neon signs and advertisements for delicious snacks. McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken and other fast-food outlets have captured the imagination especially of young people in China, and they have become some of the most fashionable places to eat nowadays.

It can be said that there are two keys to their success: a “hard ” one and a “soft ” one. The former is their attention to good sanitation and quality control. The latter is their effort to appeal to children and young people by arranging parties with free toys and gifts.

Some people criticize these foreign restaurants, saying that Chinese food is healthier than the hamburgers, etc. This may be true, but we must ask ourselves why Chinese fast-food restaurants are not competitive enough in the presence of foreign ones. Perhaps if we learn both the “soft ” and the “hard ” secrets of success from the newcomers we can give a boost to the domestic catering industry.

4. Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring

People ’s attitudes towards home tutoring are different. Some think of it positively. They hold this

opinion because home tutoring helps kids to get over difficulties by raising their academic scores and improving their learning skills.

But every coin has two sides. Although the above view sounds reasonable, others think of it negatively. From their point of view, home tutoring may add a financial burden to parents and a heavy academic burden to children. Too much tutoring influences children’s normal study.

In my opinion, home tutoring has both advantages and disadvantages. Moderate tutoring can help children to improve their learning especially for those who lack the ability to study by themselves, but excessive tutoring may spoil these children. It may make children become too dependent and have less ability to solve their problems. Therefore, it is advisable that we should seek help from tutors when it is necessary.

(二)科学与技术

1. Computer Viruses

Computer virus, whose essence component is a set of instructions, is one kind of threat to the security and integrity of computer system. Nowadays computer systems worldwide are often infected by computer viruses. Some cause the loss of programs and data, erase files or subtly alter data. Others even crash computers or make them useless. In this way, each year they cause tens of billions US dollars of losses.

It ’s estimated there are about 4,500 kinds of computer viruses, being unleashed at the rate of about 5 per day. How terrible! A case in point is “Love Bug” which proclaims “I Love You” in the E-mail subject line. Once the Internet surfer opens the file with “I Love You ”, the viruses would copy themselves and destroy valuable computer pictures and video files. Another case in point is the CIH, which is also very destructive. Besides, there are also “Tedious ”, “Concept F ” and “Explore Zip ”, “Romeo Juliet”, to name only a few.

However, it’s high time for us to work out effective ways to purge the viruses. On the one hand, I hope anti-bug experts would write out more bug killers such as KV300 so as to eliminate the bugs. On the other hand, we should enhance the cyber-law and force the virus writers to stop playing pranks on the computer users so as to let the world be bug-free.

2. Shopping on the Net

Nowadays Internet is revolutionizing our globe and greatly facilitating our modern life. As a matter of fact, we can do almost everything on the Net. To illustrate, we can conduct E-business, advertise our products, book an air ticket, buy and sell stocks, even hunt a job on the Web. Recently, shopping on the Net is gradually becoming popular in modern cities. However, people take different attitudes towards the new way of shopping.

Some people, who prefer shopping on the virtual shopping centers or the e-commerce portals, hold that the new way of shopping has many advantages. First, the web-stores can keep customers updated about the best selling products. Besides, they can provide customers with a wider range of choices. Most important of all, it is very convenient and time-saving. People can stay at home shopping whatever they want online.

However, others who stick to shopping in the real-life stores have their reasons. First, they argue that though time-saving, it’s a little bit complicated to pay on the Web. Besides, they think that customers can never be assured of the quality of the commodities unless they see them with their own eyes. Finally, they believe the best way to be on guard against the fake and poor quality commodities is to shop in the traditional way. Therefore, they don’t show any interest in shopping online. However, more and more people will prefer shopping on the Web. And it’s believed that it will eventually be an irresistible trend of shopping in the 21st century.

3. Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet

With the development of computers, Internet has widely entered our daily life. It ’s a fantastic information expressway that connects every corner of the world. However, like everything else, it has both positive and negative aspects.

On the one hand, Internet has many favorable aspects. To begin with, it provides tremendous updated and useful information and greatly enriches our knowledge. Besides, it brings much convenience to us and greatly facilitates our daily life. To illustrate, we can do almost everything online by just staying at home. We can not only get all kinds of useful information or the educational programs from the long-distance educational system, but also shop on the Website, order books, reserve hotel rooms. And we can even buy and sell stocks on the Net and do E- business and send E-mails. What’s more, it can help our country keep up with others in the outside world.

But on the other hand, Internet also has many unfavorable aspects. First, computer viruses bring us many troubles. Besides, useless information and games are sent to us unavoidably which take us much time and waste us much money. Worst of all, there’s always unavoidable pornography and obscenity on the Net, which will do much harm especially to the youngsters.

To sum up, in my opinion, Internet is like a double-edged sword. We should make the best use of one edge and try not be hurt by the other.

4. Cyber Crimes

Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere, with a few clicks, committing all kinds of cyber crimes. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property. Others subvert deals, snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce. Still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these hackers do a great damage to companies and computer users, causing computer losses up to 10 billion dollars per year.

Naturally, there are many causes for the cyber crimes. In addition to the wicked nature of the hackers, the frailties of Internet partially nourish the crimes. Just because there are holes in Internet—the complex software is buggy and often infested, the cyber vandals can find out the weakness in the Website software programs and by manipulating software glitches, gain access to Website, committing all kinds of crimes.

However, we shouldn’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more. And it’s high time for us to take all the effective steps to battle the cyber crooks. First we should reinforce the cyber laws to protect the Web, the powerful engine of economy. Besides, we should use high techniques to improve intrusion detection, encryption and computer security. Finally, we should train more talented people to build up more firewalls so as to make the Net immune to all kinds of viruses and inaccessible to all kinds of cyber criminals.

5. Information in the Modern World

In the modem world, it is important to be well-informed. Success in many fields depends on getting the latest information. At the same time, failure in policy-making often results from the lack of necessary information. That is why we call the current era “The Information Age”.

There are many means of getting information which enables us to keep up with what is going on in the world. First, we can read newspapers and news magazines. For example, the typical daily newspaper contains articles about local, regional, national and international news, as well as sports news, weather reports, and other features. Second, we listen to the news on the radio and watch it on television. In addition, some TV stations offer early morning news, late night news and weekly news programs. No doubt, there are still many other means of getting information.

As far as the role of information in the future is concerned, I believe that information will play a

more and more important part in people’s decision-making.

6. On Clone

The term clone may not sound strange to most people. It refers to the descendant of a single plant or animal, produced non-sexually from any one cell.

It is true that clone technology is an achievement in science. However, as to its application, different people take different attitudes. Many people are very excited about the success of the cloning technique. They think that it offers the possibilities that human beings can breed excellent varieties of plants and animals by making full use of superior genes. Hence human beings can benefit a lot from it. Others argue that it is easily misused, which will bring about a disaster. For example, if the cloning technique is carried out on human beings, it will lead to moral confusion. Moreover, we can’t predict what disaster it will give rise to.

Therefore, it is safe to say that the cloning technique in itself is innocent, but once it is misused, its destructive power will be uncontrollable. However, I am very pleased to read the reports that scientists are trying to breed cloned animals to benefit people. So it is important that we apply the cloning technology properly and make it benefit human beings.

7. Owning Private Cars in China

As the Chinese people’s living standard keeps rising, a considerable number of people have become comparatively well-off. Being encouraged by the new policies, many people bought their own houses. This is followed by the desire to own a private car. According to those who advocate it, owning private cars will make people ’s lives more convenient, and it can activate the domestic market, greatly benefiting the national economy.

Still there are other people trying to convince others that owning private cars is not practical yet in China. To support their views they list many reasons, among which are the worries about the capacity of the traffic system and parking space. Besides, they also suggest that the spread of private cars will make the already serious air pollution even worse.

I have the same worries as the second group of people. But I also believe that owning private cars is a general trend in a rapidly developing country like China. What we should do is to think out proper solutions to the possible obstacles in the way. For instance we can build more highways, viaducts and underground parking lots. To solve pollution problems, we can develop new types of fuels that are very clean and cause no pollution to the air.

、热点话题作文

(一) 社会生活问题

1. Go on a Diet

With the development of social economy, people pay more and more attention to their health and going on a diet becomes extremely popular. It keeps people from growing too fat and saves them from many inconveniences and fat-related diseases. At the same time, it provides people with sufficient nutrition to keep them in fit condition. Besides its good effects on people’s health, going on a diet can also help many young girls become slim and bring their dream into reality.

However, if carried too far, going on a diet could become extremely dangerous. For example, with all their eagerness to have a beautiful figure, some young women even risk their lives to lose weight. Even if it doesn’t cost their lives, it will damage their health to a certain degree.

Thus, apart from its positive effects, going on a diet has its side-effects. The proper way to use it is to put health in the first place. If it is good for our health, stick to it;If not, just abandon it.

2. Old People’s Problem

Nowadays, old people’s problem has become more and more prominent. With the emergence of the nuclear family, old people no longer live with their sons or daughters under the same roof. Instead, most of the old couples live by themselves. Thus the happiness of several generations living together has been lost and old people, due to their limited social circle, inevitably become lonely. If something unfortunate happens to them, nobody is close by to offer help. Another problem is that some old people, despite their pensions, can hardly support themselves sufficiently. They need financial help from their grown-up children in order to live comfortably.

Old people do not receive wide attention either from their families or from society because their middle-aged children care more about their careers, their own children and their living conditions than about their parents. Society also seems to have a lot of other important welfare to pay attention to.

How can we solve old people’s problem? In my opinion, old men and women shouldn’t be treated as a burden of family or society. Young people should take up the duty of taking care of them and respect them, which is always a good quality of Chinese people. They should spend more spare time with their parents. As for those old people without sons or daughters, such institutions as Old People ’s Homes should be set up to give the old people support or good care.

3. Why Is Imported Fast-Food So Popular?

In recent years, leading fast-food restaurant chains from abroad have been doing booming business in China. In the commercial centers of all the major cities you cannot help noticing their attractive neon signs and advertisements for delicious snacks. McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken and other fast-food outlets have captured the imagination especially of young people in China, and they have become some of the most fashionable places to eat nowadays.

It can be said that there are two keys to their success: a “hard ” one and a “soft ” one. The former is their attention to good sanitation and quality control. The latter is their effort to appeal to children and young people by arranging parties with free toys and gifts.

Some people criticize these foreign restaurants, saying that Chinese food is healthier than the hamburgers, etc. This may be true, but we must ask ourselves why Chinese fast-food restaurants are not competitive enough in the presence of foreign ones. Perhaps if we learn both the “soft ” and the “hard ” secrets of success from the newcomers we can give a boost to the domestic catering industry.

4. Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring

People ’s attitudes towards home tutoring are different. Some think of it positively. They hold this

opinion because home tutoring helps kids to get over difficulties by raising their academic scores and improving their learning skills.

But every coin has two sides. Although the above view sounds reasonable, others think of it negatively. From their point of view, home tutoring may add a financial burden to parents and a heavy academic burden to children. Too much tutoring influences children’s normal study.

In my opinion, home tutoring has both advantages and disadvantages. Moderate tutoring can help children to improve their learning especially for those who lack the ability to study by themselves, but excessive tutoring may spoil these children. It may make children become too dependent and have less ability to solve their problems. Therefore, it is advisable that we should seek help from tutors when it is necessary.

(二)科学与技术

1. Computer Viruses

Computer virus, whose essence component is a set of instructions, is one kind of threat to the security and integrity of computer system. Nowadays computer systems worldwide are often infected by computer viruses. Some cause the loss of programs and data, erase files or subtly alter data. Others even crash computers or make them useless. In this way, each year they cause tens of billions US dollars of losses.

It ’s estimated there are about 4,500 kinds of computer viruses, being unleashed at the rate of about 5 per day. How terrible! A case in point is “Love Bug” which proclaims “I Love You” in the E-mail subject line. Once the Internet surfer opens the file with “I Love You ”, the viruses would copy themselves and destroy valuable computer pictures and video files. Another case in point is the CIH, which is also very destructive. Besides, there are also “Tedious ”, “Concept F ” and “Explore Zip ”, “Romeo Juliet”, to name only a few.

However, it’s high time for us to work out effective ways to purge the viruses. On the one hand, I hope anti-bug experts would write out more bug killers such as KV300 so as to eliminate the bugs. On the other hand, we should enhance the cyber-law and force the virus writers to stop playing pranks on the computer users so as to let the world be bug-free.

2. Shopping on the Net

Nowadays Internet is revolutionizing our globe and greatly facilitating our modern life. As a matter of fact, we can do almost everything on the Net. To illustrate, we can conduct E-business, advertise our products, book an air ticket, buy and sell stocks, even hunt a job on the Web. Recently, shopping on the Net is gradually becoming popular in modern cities. However, people take different attitudes towards the new way of shopping.

Some people, who prefer shopping on the virtual shopping centers or the e-commerce portals, hold that the new way of shopping has many advantages. First, the web-stores can keep customers updated about the best selling products. Besides, they can provide customers with a wider range of choices. Most important of all, it is very convenient and time-saving. People can stay at home shopping whatever they want online.

However, others who stick to shopping in the real-life stores have their reasons. First, they argue that though time-saving, it’s a little bit complicated to pay on the Web. Besides, they think that customers can never be assured of the quality of the commodities unless they see them with their own eyes. Finally, they believe the best way to be on guard against the fake and poor quality commodities is to shop in the traditional way. Therefore, they don’t show any interest in shopping online. However, more and more people will prefer shopping on the Web. And it’s believed that it will eventually be an irresistible trend of shopping in the 21st century.

3. Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet

With the development of computers, Internet has widely entered our daily life. It ’s a fantastic information expressway that connects every corner of the world. However, like everything else, it has both positive and negative aspects.

On the one hand, Internet has many favorable aspects. To begin with, it provides tremendous updated and useful information and greatly enriches our knowledge. Besides, it brings much convenience to us and greatly facilitates our daily life. To illustrate, we can do almost everything online by just staying at home. We can not only get all kinds of useful information or the educational programs from the long-distance educational system, but also shop on the Website, order books, reserve hotel rooms. And we can even buy and sell stocks on the Net and do E- business and send E-mails. What’s more, it can help our country keep up with others in the outside world.

But on the other hand, Internet also has many unfavorable aspects. First, computer viruses bring us many troubles. Besides, useless information and games are sent to us unavoidably which take us much time and waste us much money. Worst of all, there’s always unavoidable pornography and obscenity on the Net, which will do much harm especially to the youngsters.

To sum up, in my opinion, Internet is like a double-edged sword. We should make the best use of one edge and try not be hurt by the other.

4. Cyber Crimes

Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere, with a few clicks, committing all kinds of cyber crimes. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property. Others subvert deals, snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce. Still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these hackers do a great damage to companies and computer users, causing computer losses up to 10 billion dollars per year.

Naturally, there are many causes for the cyber crimes. In addition to the wicked nature of the hackers, the frailties of Internet partially nourish the crimes. Just because there are holes in Internet—the complex software is buggy and often infested, the cyber vandals can find out the weakness in the Website software programs and by manipulating software glitches, gain access to Website, committing all kinds of crimes.

However, we shouldn’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more. And it’s high time for us to take all the effective steps to battle the cyber crooks. First we should reinforce the cyber laws to protect the Web, the powerful engine of economy. Besides, we should use high techniques to improve intrusion detection, encryption and computer security. Finally, we should train more talented people to build up more firewalls so as to make the Net immune to all kinds of viruses and inaccessible to all kinds of cyber criminals.

5. Information in the Modern World

In the modem world, it is important to be well-informed. Success in many fields depends on getting the latest information. At the same time, failure in policy-making often results from the lack of necessary information. That is why we call the current era “The Information Age”.

There are many means of getting information which enables us to keep up with what is going on in the world. First, we can read newspapers and news magazines. For example, the typical daily newspaper contains articles about local, regional, national and international news, as well as sports news, weather reports, and other features. Second, we listen to the news on the radio and watch it on television. In addition, some TV stations offer early morning news, late night news and weekly news programs. No doubt, there are still many other means of getting information.

As far as the role of information in the future is concerned, I believe that information will play a

more and more important part in people’s decision-making.

6. On Clone

The term clone may not sound strange to most people. It refers to the descendant of a single plant or animal, produced non-sexually from any one cell.

It is true that clone technology is an achievement in science. However, as to its application, different people take different attitudes. Many people are very excited about the success of the cloning technique. They think that it offers the possibilities that human beings can breed excellent varieties of plants and animals by making full use of superior genes. Hence human beings can benefit a lot from it. Others argue that it is easily misused, which will bring about a disaster. For example, if the cloning technique is carried out on human beings, it will lead to moral confusion. Moreover, we can’t predict what disaster it will give rise to.

Therefore, it is safe to say that the cloning technique in itself is innocent, but once it is misused, its destructive power will be uncontrollable. However, I am very pleased to read the reports that scientists are trying to breed cloned animals to benefit people. So it is important that we apply the cloning technology properly and make it benefit human beings.

7. Owning Private Cars in China

As the Chinese people’s living standard keeps rising, a considerable number of people have become comparatively well-off. Being encouraged by the new policies, many people bought their own houses. This is followed by the desire to own a private car. According to those who advocate it, owning private cars will make people ’s lives more convenient, and it can activate the domestic market, greatly benefiting the national economy.

Still there are other people trying to convince others that owning private cars is not practical yet in China. To support their views they list many reasons, among which are the worries about the capacity of the traffic system and parking space. Besides, they also suggest that the spread of private cars will make the already serious air pollution even worse.

I have the same worries as the second group of people. But I also believe that owning private cars is a general trend in a rapidly developing country like China. What we should do is to think out proper solutions to the possible obstacles in the way. For instance we can build more highways, viaducts and underground parking lots. To solve pollution problems, we can develop new types of fuels that are very clean and cause no pollution to the air.

作文作文9900字

四年级作文

关于大学生自助游的英语作文 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to

write a composition on the topic Self help Traveling of College Students. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 大学生出去旅行经常会选择“自助游”

2) 分析大学生选择“自助游”的原因

3) 你的看法

关于大学生自助游的英语作文【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求分析这种现象产生的原因,提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”对该现象的看法,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:简单说明何谓“自助游”,描述大学生热衷于“自助游”的现象; 分析大学生选择“自助游”主要原因; 阐述“我”对“自助游”的看法。

关于大学生自助游的英语作文【参考范文】

Self-help Traveling of College Students

So called self-help traveling refers that travelers themselves arrange travel route, travel time, and all the other matters during travel, without any guide and team leader. Nowadays this kind of traveling model is gaining more and more popularity among

college students. According to the survey, over 80% of college students prefer self-help traveling to following a tour group。

Why are college students so fond of self-help traveling? Above all, self-help traveling gives travelers more freedom and space. College students don’t like being restricted. They want to arrange their travel as they wish. Moreover, self-help traveling provides college students a good chance to improve their adaptability and viability. Besides, the expenses in self-help traveling are controlled by travelers themselves. It is a good choice for those college students who have not much money for their disposal。

As a college student, I enjoy self-help traveling very much, and I have benefited a lot from it. For one thing, I have appreciated many amazing scenery that those travelers who follow tour groups can not. For another, self-help travel helps me learn how to deal with people better。

关于网络犯罪的英语作文

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cyber Crimes. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 随着互联网的普及和应用,网络犯罪开始摆在世人面前

2) 应该如何来打击和预防网络犯罪越来越成为人们必须要解决的一个难题

3) 作为大学生,你应该怎么做?

关于网络犯罪的英语作文【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点提出一个问题,提纲第2点指出解决该问题的紧迫性,提纲第3点要求谈谈大学生应该如何应对该问题,由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述网络犯罪出现的背景及问题现状; 指出解决网络犯罪问题的紧迫型,说明解决办法; 从大学生的角度谈谈应该如何应对网络犯罪。 关于网络犯罪的英语作文【参考范文】

Cyber Crimes

With the popularization of Internet, cyber crimes have become a serious problem

facing us. Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on the Internet. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property, others snatch passwords or disrupt e-

commerce, and still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses。

However, we shouldn’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more. It’s high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes. First, we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly. Moreover, we should develop high

techniques as soon as possible to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes. Besides, more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the net immune to all kinds of viruses。

As college students, we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes. For one thing, we should not use others’ computers unless we get permission. For

another, we should be honest to others on the Internet and not release or spread unreal information. In a word, it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes。

关于大学生心理健康的英语作文

How to improve student's mental health

1、 大学生的心理健康十分重要

2、 因此,学校可以.... 。.

3、 我们自己应当.... 。.

题目分析:

学生的心理健康是近年来被热议的话题之一,属于经典的问题解决型,故不外乎采用举例子,作比较,分类别,列数字,打比方等方式讨论。

参考范文:

Students' mental health has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. Indeed, it is widely accepted that it has gained growing popularity among persons in all walks of life. There is a general discussion today about the issue of disorder in brains。

Obviously, it is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent problems. Authorities in universities play a critical role in the situation. To begin with, schools, such

as colleges or universities, can provide chances for the young men to ease their attention. What's more, some are physically strong, but psychological problems are able to bring potential threats. Teaches may have a chance to find them in advance. Besides, specialists in this field are to be required to make full preparation for cases in time.

Facing the crisis, experts can deal with it in a professional way, which means they have more or better opportunities to save us than others. (学校)

From the factors mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that we can free ourselves from mental illness by taking certain precautions. For example, if you have pains or puzzles in mind, finding a friend to express these is a good way to release

pressure. Certainly, there is little doubt that further attention will be paid to the issue。(我们)

总结:

potential threats 潜在威胁

ease 减轻,舒缓

psychological problems 心理问题

precaution 预防措施

release pressure 释放压力

play an important/critical role in sth

it is widely accepted that ……

To begin with, What's more, Besides,

From the factors mentioned above draw the conclusion that 等等均为经典模板句式! Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Turn off Your Cell Phone. You should write at least 150 words and base your

composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1、手机给我们的生活带来了便利。

2、但是手机铃声也会影响其他人。

3、在某些场合请关掉你的手机。

Turn off Your Cell Phone

With the development of information techno1ogy and reduced price of

communication products, the mobi1e phone has become a necessity for most people. Obviously, it shortens the distance between people and makes our life more convenient. Thanks to the cell phone, it’s easy for us to contact or be contacted by others anytime and anywhere. We will never miss any important meetings,great deals or admirable opportunities.

However ,have you noticed sometimes the cell phone also brings embarrassment to us? It’s not rare to see someone pressing the cell phone to his ear and shouting 1oud1y in public as if there were no one else present. And I’m sure each one has had

such an experience that the cell phone ring continuous1y on a formal occasion. Perhaps these people have many 1ife-and-death reasons to keep the phone working at all times, but it interrupts people around them who have to hear what they don’t care when they want to concentrate on what they’re doing.

So if you are one of them, please shut off your cell phone in public, especially on a quiet and serious occasion. It’s a respect for both others and yourself. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Post-graduate Craze. You should write at least 150 words and base your

composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1、目前很多人报考研(Q吧) 究生。

2、我认为形成这股热潮的原因是……

The Post-graduate Craze

Each year, millions of college students will sit in for the post-graduate entrance

examination. More and more students have regarded the pursuing of a master degree as an indispensable part of their education.

What is to account for their enthusiasm for a post-graduate diploma? First, it is the demand of the time. In an age of knowledge updating and information explosion, what you have learned in college can hardly meet the demand of society. Talents of high quality who are equipped with the latest knowledge and skill will be needed more than ever. That is why many students will further their studies.

Second, we all recognize that the more education you have, the more likely you are to succeed. Compared with those without a master degree, masters will enjoy more

preferential treatment, for example, better salaries, more opportunities for promotion and training. A post-graduate degree can guarantee a more promising career.

Last but not least, with the graduation of a large number of college students,

competition for jobs becomes more and more fierce. One way to gain some advantage over others is to have a higher degree.

No wonder millions of students will consider pursuing a post-graduate degree.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My Idea of Pop Music. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1、 有人认为流行音乐不能登大雅之堂。

2、 有人认为音乐无高低贵贱之分,只有兴趣上的差别。

3、 我认为……

My Idea of Pop Music

Pop music is held I contempt by many people. In these people’s eyes pop music is always in sharp contrast to “lofty music”. The latter refers to symphonies and operas of the European countries. They show great concern for the fact that many people prefer

pop music to symhonies, because for them pop music should be excluded from the holy palace of music.

Conversely, many people have an ordor for pop music. They argue that people who want us to listen to symhonies are advocating a kind of “elite culture”. This notion is unacceptable to pop music fans, for they don’t believe that symphonies are loftier than pop music. The difference only lies in the interests of different people. It is unfair to speak of pop music with contempt while speaking of symphonies with awe.

In conclusion, my idea is that just as there is no distinction between high culture and low culture, so it is inappropriate to say pop music belongs to the “lower” people whereas symphonies in a higher, loftier form of music. After all, there are many badly-composed symphonies. And we can’t expect every piece of pop music to be excellent. Pop music reflects the thoughts and interests of a certain age group of a generation. It is the product of a certain age, but it also has something universal, something that belongs to all human beings, that underlies its great success among people. In this sense it is rather foolish for some peopleof media to show great concern simply because many people prefer pop music. Anyway pop music has become an indispensable part of the human family.

关于大学生自助游的英语作文 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to

write a composition on the topic Self help Traveling of College Students. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 大学生出去旅行经常会选择“自助游”

2) 分析大学生选择“自助游”的原因

3) 你的看法

关于大学生自助游的英语作文【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求分析这种现象产生的原因,提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”对该现象的看法,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:简单说明何谓“自助游”,描述大学生热衷于“自助游”的现象; 分析大学生选择“自助游”主要原因; 阐述“我”对“自助游”的看法。

关于大学生自助游的英语作文【参考范文】

Self-help Traveling of College Students

So called self-help traveling refers that travelers themselves arrange travel route, travel time, and all the other matters during travel, without any guide and team leader. Nowadays this kind of traveling model is gaining more and more popularity among

college students. According to the survey, over 80% of college students prefer self-help traveling to following a tour group。

Why are college students so fond of self-help traveling? Above all, self-help traveling gives travelers more freedom and space. College students don’t like being restricted. They want to arrange their travel as they wish. Moreover, self-help traveling provides college students a good chance to improve their adaptability and viability. Besides, the expenses in self-help traveling are controlled by travelers themselves. It is a good choice for those college students who have not much money for their disposal。

As a college student, I enjoy self-help traveling very much, and I have benefited a lot from it. For one thing, I have appreciated many amazing scenery that those travelers who follow tour groups can not. For another, self-help travel helps me learn how to deal with people better。

关于网络犯罪的英语作文

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cyber Crimes. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 随着互联网的普及和应用,网络犯罪开始摆在世人面前

2) 应该如何来打击和预防网络犯罪越来越成为人们必须要解决的一个难题

3) 作为大学生,你应该怎么做?

关于网络犯罪的英语作文【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点提出一个问题,提纲第2点指出解决该问题的紧迫性,提纲第3点要求谈谈大学生应该如何应对该问题,由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述网络犯罪出现的背景及问题现状; 指出解决网络犯罪问题的紧迫型,说明解决办法; 从大学生的角度谈谈应该如何应对网络犯罪。 关于网络犯罪的英语作文【参考范文】

Cyber Crimes

With the popularization of Internet, cyber crimes have become a serious problem

facing us. Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on the Internet. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property, others snatch passwords or disrupt e-

commerce, and still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses。

However, we shouldn’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more. It’s high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes. First, we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly. Moreover, we should develop high

techniques as soon as possible to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes. Besides, more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the net immune to all kinds of viruses。

As college students, we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes. For one thing, we should not use others’ computers unless we get permission. For

another, we should be honest to others on the Internet and not release or spread unreal information. In a word, it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes。

关于大学生心理健康的英语作文

How to improve student's mental health

1、 大学生的心理健康十分重要

2、 因此,学校可以.... 。.

3、 我们自己应当.... 。.

题目分析:

学生的心理健康是近年来被热议的话题之一,属于经典的问题解决型,故不外乎采用举例子,作比较,分类别,列数字,打比方等方式讨论。

参考范文:

Students' mental health has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. Indeed, it is widely accepted that it has gained growing popularity among persons in all walks of life. There is a general discussion today about the issue of disorder in brains。

Obviously, it is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent problems. Authorities in universities play a critical role in the situation. To begin with, schools, such

as colleges or universities, can provide chances for the young men to ease their attention. What's more, some are physically strong, but psychological problems are able to bring potential threats. Teaches may have a chance to find them in advance. Besides, specialists in this field are to be required to make full preparation for cases in time.

Facing the crisis, experts can deal with it in a professional way, which means they have more or better opportunities to save us than others. (学校)

From the factors mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that we can free ourselves from mental illness by taking certain precautions. For example, if you have pains or puzzles in mind, finding a friend to express these is a good way to release

pressure. Certainly, there is little doubt that further attention will be paid to the issue。(我们)

总结:

potential threats 潜在威胁

ease 减轻,舒缓

psychological problems 心理问题

precaution 预防措施

release pressure 释放压力

play an important/critical role in sth

it is widely accepted that ……

To begin with, What's more, Besides,

From the factors mentioned above draw the conclusion that 等等均为经典模板句式! Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Turn off Your Cell Phone. You should write at least 150 words and base your

composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1、手机给我们的生活带来了便利。

2、但是手机铃声也会影响其他人。

3、在某些场合请关掉你的手机。

Turn off Your Cell Phone

With the development of information techno1ogy and reduced price of

communication products, the mobi1e phone has become a necessity for most people. Obviously, it shortens the distance between people and makes our life more convenient. Thanks to the cell phone, it’s easy for us to contact or be contacted by others anytime and anywhere. We will never miss any important meetings,great deals or admirable opportunities.

However ,have you noticed sometimes the cell phone also brings embarrassment to us? It’s not rare to see someone pressing the cell phone to his ear and shouting 1oud1y in public as if there were no one else present. And I’m sure each one has had

such an experience that the cell phone ring continuous1y on a formal occasion. Perhaps these people have many 1ife-and-death reasons to keep the phone working at all times, but it interrupts people around them who have to hear what they don’t care when they want to concentrate on what they’re doing.

So if you are one of them, please shut off your cell phone in public, especially on a quiet and serious occasion. It’s a respect for both others and yourself. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Post-graduate Craze. You should write at least 150 words and base your

composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1、目前很多人报考研(Q吧) 究生。

2、我认为形成这股热潮的原因是……

The Post-graduate Craze

Each year, millions of college students will sit in for the post-graduate entrance

examination. More and more students have regarded the pursuing of a master degree as an indispensable part of their education.

What is to account for their enthusiasm for a post-graduate diploma? First, it is the demand of the time. In an age of knowledge updating and information explosion, what you have learned in college can hardly meet the demand of society. Talents of high quality who are equipped with the latest knowledge and skill will be needed more than ever. That is why many students will further their studies.

Second, we all recognize that the more education you have, the more likely you are to succeed. Compared with those without a master degree, masters will enjoy more

preferential treatment, for example, better salaries, more opportunities for promotion and training. A post-graduate degree can guarantee a more promising career.

Last but not least, with the graduation of a large number of college students,

competition for jobs becomes more and more fierce. One way to gain some advantage over others is to have a higher degree.

No wonder millions of students will consider pursuing a post-graduate degree.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My Idea of Pop Music. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1、 有人认为流行音乐不能登大雅之堂。

2、 有人认为音乐无高低贵贱之分,只有兴趣上的差别。

3、 我认为……

My Idea of Pop Music

Pop music is held I contempt by many people. In these people’s eyes pop music is always in sharp contrast to “lofty music”. The latter refers to symphonies and operas of the European countries. They show great concern for the fact that many people prefer

pop music to symhonies, because for them pop music should be excluded from the holy palace of music.

Conversely, many people have an ordor for pop music. They argue that people who want us to listen to symhonies are advocating a kind of “elite culture”. This notion is unacceptable to pop music fans, for they don’t believe that symphonies are loftier than pop music. The difference only lies in the interests of different people. It is unfair to speak of pop music with contempt while speaking of symphonies with awe.

In conclusion, my idea is that just as there is no distinction between high culture and low culture, so it is inappropriate to say pop music belongs to the “lower” people whereas symphonies in a higher, loftier form of music. After all, there are many badly-composed symphonies. And we can’t expect every piece of pop music to be excellent. Pop music reflects the thoughts and interests of a certain age group of a generation. It is the product of a certain age, but it also has something universal, something that belongs to all human beings, that underlies its great success among people. In this sense it is rather foolish for some peopleof media to show great concern simply because many people prefer pop music. Anyway pop music has become an indispensable part of the human family.

毕业论文写作注意事项作文14800字

初二作文

[转] 开题报告、文献检索账号、文献综述、外文翻译、抄袭检测软件、论文目录,都在这了都在这了,有备无患,拿去吧!! 2012-10-12 21:15阅读(7)转载自亲爱的小孩

∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 已经是第一篇 |下一篇:2013年硕士研究生...

开题报告、文献综述、外文翻译、论文反抄袭软件、论文目录,就差论文正文了,其他都全了!! 开题报告主要包括以下几个方面: (一)论文名称

论文名称就是课题的名字

第一,名称要准确、规范。准确就是论文的名称要把论文研究的问题是什么,研究的对象是什么交待清楚,论文的名称一定要和研究的内容相一致,不能太大,也不能太小,要准确地把你研究的对象、问题概括出来。

第二,名称要简洁,不能太长。不管是论文或者课题,名称都不能太长,能不要的字就尽量不要,一般不要超过20个字。

(二) 论文研究的目的、意义

研究的目的、意义也就是为什么要研究、研究它有什么价值。这一般可以先从现实需要方面去论述,指出现实当中存在这个问题,需要去研究,去解决,本论文的研究有什么实际作用,然后,再写论文的理论和学术价值。这些都要写得具体一点,有针对性一点,不能漫无边际地空喊口号。主要内容包括:⑴ 研究的有关背景(课题的提出) : 即根据什么、受什么启发而搞这项研究。 ⑵ 通过分析本地(校) 的教育教学实际,指出为什么要研究该课题,研究的价值,要解决的问题。

(三) 本论文国内外研究的历史和现状(文献综述)。

规范些应该有,如果是小课题可以省略。一般包括:掌握其研究的广度、深度、已取得的

成果;寻找有待进一步研究的问题,从而确定本课题研究的平台(起点) 、研究的特色或突破点。

(四)论文研究的指导思想

指导思想就是在宏观上应坚持什么方向,符合什么要求等,这个方向或要求可以是哲学、政治理论,也可以是政府的教育发展规划,也可以是有关研究问题的指导性意见等。

(五) 论文写作的目标

论文写作的目标也就是课题最后要达到的具体目的, 要解决哪些具体问题,也就是本论文研究要达到的预定目标:即本论文写作的目标定位,确定目标时要紧扣课题, 用词要准确、精练、明了。

常见存在问题是:不写研究目标;目标扣题不紧;目标用词不准确; 目标定得过高, 对预定的目标没有进行研究或无法进行研究。

确定论文写作目标时,一方面要考虑课题本身的要求,另一方面要考率实际的工作条件与工作水平。

(六)论文的基本内容

研究内容要更具体、明确。并且一个目标可能要通过几方面的研究内容来实现,他们不一定是一一对应的关系。大家在确定研究内容的时候,往往考虑的不是很具体,写出来的研究内容特别笼统、模糊,把写作的目的、意义当作研究内容。

基本内容一般包括:⑴对论文名称的界说。应尽可能明确三点:研究的对象、研究的问题、研究的方法。⑵本论文写作有关的理论、名词、术语、概念的界说。

(七)论文写作的方法

具体的写作方法可从下面选定: 观察法、调查法、实验法、经验总结法、 个案法、比较研究法、文献资料法等。

(八)论文写作的步骤

论文写作的步骤,也就是论文写作在时间和顺序上的安排。论文写作的步骤要充分考虑研究内容的相互关系和难易程度,一般情况下,都是从基础问题开始,分阶段进行,每个阶段从什么时间开始,至什么时间结束都要有规定。课题研究的主要步骤和时间安排包括:整个研究拟分为哪几个阶段;各阶段的起止时间

文献综述怎么写

1) 什么是文献综述?

文献综述是研究者在其提前阅读过某一主题的文献后,经过理解、整理、融会贯通,综合分析和评价而组成的一种不同于研究论文的文体。

2) 文献综述的写作要求

1、文献综述的格式

文献综述的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法和结果,而文献综述介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。因此文献综述的格式相对多样,但总的来说,一般都包含以下四部分:即前言、主题、总结和参考文献。撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲,再根据提纲进行撰写工作。 前言,要用简明扼要的文字说明写作的目的、必要性、有关概念的定义,综述的范围,阐述有关问题的现状和动态,以及目前对主要问题争论的焦点等。前言一般200-300字为宜,不宜超过500字。

正文,是综述的重点,写法上没有固定的格式,只要能较好地表达综合的内容,作者可创造性采用诸多形式。正文主要包括论据和论证两个部分,通过提出问题、分析问题和解决问题,比较不同学者对同一问题的看法及其理论依据,进一步阐明问题的来龙去脉和作者自己的见解。当然,作者也可从问题发生的历史背景、目前现状、发展方向等提出文献的不同观点。正文部分可根据内容的多少可分为若干个小标题分别论述。

小结,是结综述正文部分作扼要的总结,作者应对各种观点进行综合评价,提出自己的看法,指出存在的问题及今后发展的方向和展望。内容单纯的综述也可不写小结。

参考文献,是综述的重要组成部分。一般参考文献的多少可体现作者阅读文献的广度和深度。对综述类论文参考文献的数量不同杂志有不同的要求,一般以30条以内为宜,以最近3-5年内的最新文献为主。

2、文献综述规定

1. 为了使选题报告有较充分的依据,要求硕士研究生在论文开题之前作文献综述。

2. 在文献综述时,研究生应系统地查阅与自己的研究方向有关的国内外文献。通常阅读文献不少于30篇,且文献搜集要客观全面

3. 在文献综述中,研究生应说明自己研究方向的发展历史,前人的主要研究成果,存在的问题及发展趋势等。

4. 文献综述要条理清晰,文字通顺简练。

5. 资料运用恰当、合理。文献引用用方括号[ ]括起来置于引用词的右上角。

6. 文献综述中要有自己的观点和见解。不能混淆作者与文献的观点。鼓励研究生多发现问题、多提出问题、并指出分析、解决问题的可能途径,针对性强。

7. 文献综述不少于3000字。

3、注意事项

⒈ 搜集文献应尽量全。掌握全面、大量的文献资料是写好综述的前提,否则,随便搜集一点资料就动手撰写是不可能写出好的综述。

⒉ 注意引用文献的代表性、可靠性和科学性。在搜集到的文献中可能出现观点雷同,有的文献在可靠性及科学性方面存在着差异,因此在引用文献时应注意选用代表性、可靠性和科学性较好的文献。

⒊ 引用文献要忠实文献内容。由于文献综述有作者自己的评论分析,因此在撰写时应分清作者的观点和文献的内容,不能篡改文献的内容。引用文献不过多。文献综述的作者引用间接文献的现象时有所见。如果综述作者从他人引用的参考文献转引过来,这些文献在他人引用时是否恰当,有无谬误,综述作者是不知道的,所以最好不要间接转引文献。

⒋ 参考文献不能省略。有的科研论文可以将参考文献省略,但文献综述绝对不能省略,而且应是文中引用过的,能反映主题全貌的并且是作者直接阅读过的文献资料。

5. 综述篇幅不可太长。杂志编辑部对综述的字数一般都有一定数量的约定。作者在初写综述时,往往不注意这点,造成虚话、空话较多,重点不突出。综述一般不宜超过4000字。 综述并不是简单的文献罗列,综述一定有作者自己的综合和归纳。有的综述只是将文献罗列,看上去像流水帐,没有作者自己的综合与分析,使人看后感到重复、费解,材料与评述协调。

3) 学术论文参考文献的著录格式

1. 专著: [序号]作者. 书名[M].版本(第1版不著录). 出版地:出版者, 出版年. 起止页码.

2. 期刊: [序号]作者. 题名[J].刊名, 年, 卷(期):起止页码.

3. 会议论文集(或汇编): [序号]作者. 题名[A].编者. 论文集名[C].出版地:出版者, 出版年. 起止页码.

4. 学位论文: [序号]作者. 题名[D]. 学位授予地址:学位授予单位,年份.

5. 专利: [序号]专利申请者. 专利题名[P].专利国别(或地区):专利号, 出版日期.

6. 科技报告: [序号]著者. 报告题名[R].编号,出版地:出版者,出版年. 起止页码.

7. 标准: [序号] 标准编号,标准名称[S].颁布日期.

8. 报纸文章 : [序号] 作者. 题名[N]. 报纸名,年-月-日(版次).

9. 电子文献: [序号] 主要责任者. 电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识]. 电子文献的出处或可获得地址,发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选).

10. 各种未定义类型的文献: [序号]主要责任者. 文献题名[Z ]. 出版地:出版者,出版年.

您正浏览的文章《文献综述怎么写-文秘范文》由 个人简历

网:http://www.gerenjianli.com 整理, 访问地址为:http://www.gerenjianli.com/wm/gw/changyong/33753431db12.html

外文文献翻译,好的外文文献可以从这里找!

香港科技大学图书馆Dspace http://repository.ust.hk/dspace

包括香港科技大学的学术论文、学位论文、研究报告等内容,均可免费获取全文。 Openj-gate http://www.openj-gate.org/

提供4350种开放获取的期刊的数百万期刊全文文献。

加利福尼亚大学国际和区域数字馆藏 http://repositories.cdlib.org/escholarship/

加利福尼亚大学国际和区域数字馆藏研究项目。EScholarship Repository 主要提供已出版的期刊论文、未出版的研究手稿、会议文献以及其他连接出版物上的文章1万多篇,均可免费阅读。

剑桥大学机构知识库

http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/

由Cambridge University Library 和University Computing Service 维护,提供剑桥大学相关的期刊、学术论文、学位论文等电子资源。

发展中国家联合期刊库 http://www.bioline.org.br/

非营利的电子出版物服务机构,提供来自发展中国家(如巴西、古巴、印度、印尼、肯尼亚、南非、乌干达、 津巴布韦等)的开放获取的多种期刊的全文。

美国密西根大学论文库 http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/index.jsp

美国密西根大学论文库2万多篇期刊论文、技术报告、评论等文献全文。包含艺术学、生物学、社会科学、资源环境学等学科的相关论文,另还有博硕士论文。标识为OPEN 的可以打开全文。

jfg CERN Document Server http://cdsweb.cern.ch/

主要覆盖物理学(particle physics )及相关学科,提供360,000多篇全文文献,包括预印文献、期刊论文、图书、图片、学位论文等等。

kl ArXiv http://arxiv.org/

ArXiv 是属于Cornell University的非盈利教育机构,面向物理学、数学、非线性科学、计算机科学和定量生物学等学科提供16种免费电子期刊的访问。

NASA Technical Reports Server http://ntrs.nasa.gov/?method=browse

主要是关于航空航天领域研究的科技报告和会议论文。

National Service Center for Environmental Publications http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/

National Service Center for Environmental Publications提供的是美国环境保护总署(EPA)出版物。可以通过EPA 出版号或题名检索EPA National Publications Catalog。 Energy Citations Database http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/

提供美国能源部的科技信息摘要。学科范围:材料科学、环境科学、计算机、能源和物理。文献类型包括期刊论文、学位论文、研究报告和专利。

网上免费全文期刊FullText http://www.freefulltext.com/

FreeFullText.com 提供7000多种学术期刊的免费全文获取。

Open J-Gate 开放获取期刊门户 http://www.openj-gate.com/

提供基于开放获取的近 4000 种期刊的免费检索和全文链接,包含学校、研究机构和行业期刊,其中超过 1500 种学术期刊经过同行评议( Peer-Reviewed )

PMC(PubMed Centeral) http://www.pubmedcentral.org/

美国NCBI (美国国家生物技术信息中心)建立的数字化生命科学期刊文献集,S 现提供50余种生物医学期刊免费全文

DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)

http://www.doaj.org/

免费的全文科技学术期刊。现有2752种期刊,其中830种可以全文搜索。目前有140307篇文章。

HighWire Press http://intl.highwire.org

斯坦福大学图书馆的分支机构——HighWire 出版社,拥有最大的免费期刊数据库,可以在线提供916种免费期刊和1,149,216篇全文

University of Tennessee, Knoxville http://diglib.lib.utk.edu/utj/jei-home.php

田纳西大学的经济学杂志,包括2000年至2002年三年共12期的免费期刊。

The Electronic Library of Mathematics http://emis.math.ecnu.edu.cn/journals/

欧洲数学会电子图书馆,提供了期刊、会议、论文集、专著、演讲、软件等资源。并提供期刊和电子版图书的全文浏览。非电子版图书提供前言、摘要、目录和书评等内容。特别地,在经典著作栏目内,目前可检索到哈密尔顿和黎曼的经典论文的全文。

Science.gov http://www.science.gov/

美国“科学”网站收录内容以研究与开发报告为主,所有的信息均免费使用,也不必注册,但是通过这些站点链接的有些信息是限制使用或有条件使用的。

ERIC 教育资源信息中心 http://www.eric.ed.gov/

美国教育部资助的网站系列和世界上最大的教育资源数据库,其中包括各种文档以及教育研究与实践方面的论文摘要,这些摘要超过了一百万篇,收录980多种教育及和教育相关的期刊文献的题录和文摘。部分资源可查找到全文

PLoS 公共科学图书馆 http://www.plos.org/

PLOS 是一家由众多诺贝尔奖得主和慈善机构支持的非赢利性学术组织,旨在推广世界各地的科学和医学领域的最新研究成果,使其成为一种公众资源,科学家、医生、病人和学生可以通过这样一个不受限制的平台来了解最新的科研动态。PLoS 出版了8种生命科学与医学领域的期刊,可以免费获取全文。

Journal of Statistical Software http://www.jstatsoft.org/

由美国统计协会出版的《统计软件杂志》,提供1996年至今20卷的内容。可以免费获取全文。

Social Science Research Network http://www.ssrn.com/

社会科学(经济类)研究论文数据库,部分提供全文。

Max Planck Society http://www.livingreviews.org

德国马普学会,该学会创办了3种开放存取杂志:

(1)Living Reviews in Relativity ISSN 1433-8351 http://relativity.livingreviews.org/

(2)Living Reviews in Solar Physics ISSN 1614-4961 http://solarphysics.livingreviews.org/

(3)Living Reviews in European Governance ISSN: 1813-856X

http://europeangovernance.livingreviews.org/

Networked Computer Science Technical Reference Library(NCSTRL ) http://www.ncstrl.org/

毕业论文目录自动生成 http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMjY2NzAzNjcy.html

给所有08级要开始写论文的孩子们, 还在为寻找和下载论文及文献发愁吗?这里有各种网站的账号密码,拿去登陆吧!!!

1.维普VIP 密码

http://vmis.cqvip.com

账号:nm531密码:131420

2. 维普

http://vmis.cqvip.com/

帐号:nm531

密码:131420

3. 免费万方入口

http://218.69.114.37/wf/cddb/cddbft.htm

4. 比较好的ibrary

http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/libweb/elib/do/login

User Name: 68-13313

Password: bigchalk

5. 高权限ezproxy 期刊

[url=https://login.ezproxy.fau.edu/login]https://login.ezproxy.fau.edu/login[/u

rl]

21976000002515

6. 万方硕博论文全文

从1977年到2004年, 免费下载

http://218.69.114.37/wf/cddb/cddbft.htm

7. 国外硕博论文全文下载(这个可是重量级的!)

快速检索地http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/etd-search.html

按作者名检http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/browse/by_author/

按系(专业)检索http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/browse/by_department

8.cnki 全库,非常好用

http://www.cnki.net/

用户名:dx0031

密码:lhtsjy

9. 一些可用的cnki 全文数据库

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

用户名及密码

sypbxy/sypbxy

bjyyys/bjyyys

K10129/gyzyjs

hljhd/hljhd

hun /sr2015

nj0084b /zjswdx

sipo339/sipo339

sh0118/cnqtsg

xinfei/xinfei

ncyzys/ncyzys

syscsz/syscsz

10. 万方数据库

http://218.69.114.37/wf/cddb/cddbft.htm可查期刊库

http://lib.zgc.gov.cn:85/szhqk/index.html

11.cnki 全库,非常好用

http://www.cnki.net/

用户名:dx0031

密码:lhtsjy

12. 数据库网http://www.searchcenter.gov.cn

用户名:bsd228 登录密码:bsd228

13. 维普:

http://210.34.157.60:8086/

免输用户名和密码, 系统已默认为guest, 也不要点击" 登录" 按钮. 可直接检索和下载 http://202.98.130.214:1011/index.asp

用户名:sss 密码:sss06

http://www.tydata.com

选择一个结点,在页面上点击

帐号:fjnl 口令:fjnl2005

西南节点可以使用

14. 中国博硕论文全文数据库

http://www.cnki.net/NewWeb/

用户名/密码:cdzwys/cdzwys

http://www.cd.cnki.net/newweb/

帐号:syfqxy

密码:syfqxy

15.CNKI 全文博硕论文库

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

用户名/密码heb/jc7412

16. 万方帐号

http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/

wfdhlg/344000

17. 万方资源(在弹出窗口中,输入密码)

http://www.whwanfangdata.com/

wjly/wjly

18.cnki (如果出现最大人数已满,请进入镜象地址) 全库

yszh/yszh bjyyys/bjyyys cdzwys/cdzwys syzjhz/syzjhz ncyzys/ncyzys syycxy/syycxy

K10129/gyzyjs cqkcsy/cqkcsy sypbxy/sypbxy

部分库

ycssgz/ycssgz tzslgz/tzslgz

万方数据库

http://www.whwanfangdata.com/

wjly/wjly

http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/

wfdhlg/344000

维普帐户

http://202.98.130.214:1011/index.asp

sss/sss06

维普---直接登陆入口

http://210.34.157.60:8086/

中国权威经济论文库

http://203.207.228.101

用户名:xjcjxy密码:xjcjxy

清华CNKI 全能资源

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

sypbxy/sypbxy

CNKI 期刊、博硕通库、全库密码

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

szxxys / szxxys

可用的apabi 读书卡

http://library.chinesebook.com.cn

user51173/7yu2ui

武汉大学图书馆

http://202.114.65.40/journal/default_new.asp 进入后选择科目,点击期刊,选择中国期刊网即可.

清华CNKI 全能资源

http://www.edu.cnki.net/index.htm

beiyong//336699

CNKI 全库

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

bjyyys/bjyyys

yszh/yszh

beiyong//336699

tzslgz/tzslgz

CNKI 共享

http://www.cd.cnki.net/newweb/

kt1005/kfklff

巨灵金融数据库网络版

219.133.37.37

lxxy/lxxy

珍贵万方资源期刊

http://hk.wanfangdata.com.cn/wf/index.html ncue/ncue

维普全库

http://61.154.14.143:8080/index.asp id:sun

mm:3258135

CNKI 超全库密码

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

cdzwys/cdzwys

yszh/yszh

万方资源库

http://wanfangdata.com.cn

用户名:wfdhlg 密码:344000

南平电大数字图书馆(PDF格式)

http://library.nprtvu.com/dlib/defaults.asp

用户名、密码均为guest ,速度较慢,见谅。

新的超星数字图书馆

http://61.187.64.20/bookhtm/

如果不能使用请把超星设置代理为:61.187.64.20:80,然后就应该正常了 CNKI 共享

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

wuwu/wuwu

南师电子图书馆,全部为PDF 格式,质量极好

http://ncsf.com.cn:8081

用户名和密码均为:ns

中国得瑞数字化信息中心大量pdf 书籍可下

http://ebook.hzrtvu.edu.cn/dlib/

guest guest进入

清华CNKI 全库资源

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

sh0118 /cnqtsg

CNKI 全库期刊资源

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

dx0027 / lhjxxy

40万新超星

http://210.41.192.31/chaoxing/index.asp

410405 本图书符合查询要求, 有耐心可以使用. 龙源期刊网免费阅读资源

安徽大学入口:

http://cn.qikan.com/ahdx/reg.asp?VirtualDir=ahdx 北京大学

代理:162.105.210.60:1080@SOCKS4#

网址http://www.pku.edu.cn

南开大学

文献代理:202.113.31.90:8081

校图书馆http://www.lib.nankai.edu.cn/

文献摘要:可上超星(516486 本图书符合查询要求:)

山东大学

219.218.105.93:8080

219.218.107.124:8080

219.218.109.74:8080

219.231.175.99:8080

219.231.175.148:8080

http://elsevier.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/

电子科技大学

202.115.16.250:3128

南京大学

221.226.2.152:8080

http://elsevier.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/

广州工业大学

202.116.137.3:808@HTTP

http://202.116.140.118/webaLibrary/

cnki 全库帐号

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

用户名:dx0030

密码:swhx66

圣典图书

http://cnlib.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/index/index.jsp shfj/shfj

中经统计数据网

http://cedb.cei.gov.cn

bnulib/bnulib

30万册的超星新图书馆

http://211.84.227.2/

上海教育网络数字图书馆

http://202.120.96.59/book.asp

代理202.120.142.68:3128@HTTP

维普:

1http://www.15.cn/index.asp nbtvu/123456 2http://218.57.135.234/ yuq/yuq2004

cnki :

1http://www.cnki.net/index.htm ysjs/ysjs

2http://www.cnki.net/index.htm wuzhou/wuzhou 3http://edu.cnki.net/INDEX.HTM ysjs/ysjs 圣典图书

http://cnlib.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/index/index.jsp shfj/shfj

中经统计数据网

http://cedb.cei.gov.cn

bnulib/bnulib

国图

http://210.37.32.21:8080/ly/test_1.jsp?s=1

http://202.196.100.12:8080/ly/test_1.jsp?s=1

http://210.43.39.3:8080/ly/test_1.jsp

30万册的超星新图书馆

http://211.84.227.2/

上海教育网络数字图书馆

http://202.120.96.59/book.asp

代理202.120.142.68:3128@HTTP

五分钟搞定5000字-外文文献翻译,你想要的工具都在这里。【大四的时候写毕业论文老师就要求得翻译外文文献并写入论文】

在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节,许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献,借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多,慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器:Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸(完整版本)和CNKI“翻译助手" 。

具体操作过程如下:

1. 先打开金山词霸自动取词功能,然后阅读文献;

2. 遇到无法理解的长句时,可以交给Google 处理,处理后的结果猛一看,不堪入目,可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明了了;

3. 如果通过Google 仍然无法理解,感觉就是不同,那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词”理解有误,因为某些单词看似很简单,但是在文献中有特殊的意思,这时就可以通过CNKI 的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思,由于CNKI 的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献,所以它的吻合率很高。

另外,在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位,这样才不会造成“只见树木,不见森林”的误导。

注:

1、Google 翻译:http://www.google.cn/language_tools

google ,众所周知,谷歌里面的英文文献和资料还算是比较详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文,当然这方面的帖子很多,大家可以搜索,在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻译上来。下面给大家举个例子来说明如何用吧

比如说“电磁感应透明效应”这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译,

首先你可以在CNKI 里查中文的,根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做,一般比较准确。

在此主要是说在google 里怎么知道这个翻译意思。大家应该都有词典吧,按中国人的办法,把一个一个词分着查出来,敲到google 里,你的这种翻译一般不太准,当然你需要验证是否准确了,这下看着吧,把你的那支离破碎的翻译在google 里搜索,你能看到许多相关的文献或资料,大家都不是笨蛋,看看,也就能找到最精确的翻译了,纯西式的!我就是这么用的。

2、CNKI 翻译:http://dict.cnki.net

CNKI 翻译助手,这个网站不需要介绍太多,可能有些人也知道的。主要说说它的有点,你进去看看就能发现:搜索的肯定是专业词汇,而且它翻译结果下面有文章与之对应(因为它是CNKI 检索提供的,它的翻译是从文献里抽出来的),很实用的一个网站。估计别的写文章的人不是傻子吧,它们的东西我们可以直接拿来用,当然省事了。网址告诉大家,有兴趣的进去看看,你们就会发现其乐无穷!还是很值得用的。http://dict.cnki.net

3、网路版金山词霸(不到1M ):http://pickup.mofile.com/6946901637944806

翻译时的速度:

这里我谈的是电子版和打印版的翻译速度,按个人翻译速度看,打印版的快些,因为看电子版本一是费眼睛,二是如果我们用电脑,可能还经常时不时玩点游戏,或者整点别的,导致最终SPPEED 变慢,再之电脑上一些词典(金山词霸等)在专业翻译方面也不是特别好,所以翻译效果不佳。在此本人建议大家购买清华大学编写的好像是国防工业出版社的那本《英汉科学技术词典》,基本上挺好用。再加上网站如:google CNKI翻译助手,这样我们的翻译速度会提高不少。

具体翻译时的一些技巧(主要是写论文和看论文方面)

大家大概都应预先清楚明白自己专业方向的国内牛人,在这里我强烈建议大家仔细看完这些头上长角的人物的中英文文章,这对你在专业方向的英文和中文互译水平提高有很大帮助。 我们大家最蹩脚的实质上是写英文论文,而非看英文论文,但话说回来我们最终提高还是要从下大工夫看英文论文开始。提到会看,我想它是有窍门的,个人总结如下:

1、把不同方面的论文分夹存放,在看论文时,对论文必须做到看完后完全明白(你重视的论文);懂得其某部分讲了什么(你需要参考的部分论文),在看明白这些论文的情况下,我们大家还得紧接着做的工作就是把论文中你觉得非常巧妙的表达写下来,或者是你论文或许能用到的表达摘记成本。这个本将是你以后的财富。你写论文时再也不会为了一些表达不符合西方表达模式而烦恼。你的论文也降低了被SCI 或大牛刊物退稿的几率。不信,你可以试一试

2、把摘记的内容自己编写成检索,这个过程是我们对文章再回顾,而且是对你摘抄的经典妙笔进行梳理的重要阶段。你有了这个过程。写英文论文时,将会有一种信手拈来的感觉。许多文笔我们不需要自己再翻译了。当然前提是你梳理的非常细,而且中英文对照写的比较详细。

3、最后一点就是我们往大成修炼的阶段了,万事不是说成的,它是做出来的。写英文论文也就像我们小学时开始学写作文一样,你不练笔是肯定写不出好作品来的。所以在此我鼓励大家有时尝试着把自己的论文强迫自己写成英文的,一遍不行,可以再修改。最起码到最后你会很满意。呵呵,我想我是这么觉得的。

反论文抄袭检查,吼吼,终于找到了

很多即将毕业的学生都在为一件事情发愁,就是自已的论文能否能过抄袭检测, 所以经常打来电话,询问相关的软件问题。

现在提供论文检测的机构主要来源于三大中文期刊数据库,即中国知网论文检测系统,万方论文相似性检测系统,维普通达检测系统。

现在应用较多的是中国知网和万方的检测系统,但是两者都不是免费的,只有维普通达注册后可以免费检测三次。

介于此考虑,我在网上收集了一下,提供免费检测论文的几个网站。虽然与权威检测机构的检测结果不一定完全一致,但肯定对论文的修改是有一定帮助的。

1 维普通达检测系统http://gocheck.cn

个人注册后,可以免费检测三次。

维普通达检测系统是继中国知网和万方后,又一个拥有海量期刊文献系统支持的论文防抄袭检测系统,他的检测结果较其它网站,更为权威。个人建议使用该系统。

2 知识产权卫士-拷克网 http://www.copycheck.com.cn/index.html

暂时网站论文检测为完全免费。

拷克网成立于2009年,是专业的内容抄袭智能检测平台服务商,成立以来一直执行 “技术领先战略”,开创了具有国际领先水平的核心、高端、基础技术---互联网在线中文智能抄袭检测技术,作为一家拥有领先技术的服务商,我们致力于通过对技术的创新和应用,来满知识版权组织和个人的需要。

公司的技术核心是内容抄袭智能检测技术研究,以分词技术为基础,以结构智能方法论为指导,开发出文本语义结构化引擎、版式语义结构化引擎、行为语义分析引擎,由此构建了互联网内容抄袭智能检测服务平台。该服务平台主要提供:网站监控、数据萃取、信息标引、情报发现与分析、知识网络、行为语义分析等在线服务。

3 论文检测大师 http://www.check-paper.com/fileload/

暂时网站论文检测,每个IP 免费检测两次。

只支持 doc 类型文件上传!提交您的有效论文,请不要上传无用文档,每个IP 仅有2次检测机会,您的检测结果将以word 文档的方式发送到您的邮箱里。

4 PaperPass.Org 论文通行证网 http://www.paperpass.org/

系统推出免费试用功能,通过您的手机号码即可申请。申请成功后,您将免费获得3000字

的检测量(每个手机限申请一次)。

注:由于服务器服务能力有限,网站每天(从零点计算)提供1000个用户申请免费试用,申请完为止,请您在每天的较早些时候申请,敬请谅解。

PaperPass.Org 网站诞生于2007年,是全球首个中文文献相似度比对系统,运营三年来,已经发展成为最权威、最可信赖的中文原创性检查和预防剽窃的在线网站。目前在用检测版本是汲取了大量的用户意见后开发的,更新了比对算法,比对的效率和准确率大大提高,另外还增加了上传文件、下载报告、引用率统计等实用功能。我们将继续贴近用户需求,升级比对算法,为用户提供更为专业的论文原创性检测服务。

5 中国搜文章照妖镜 http://www.zhongguosou.com/zonghe/fanchaoxi.html

完全免费,每次可检测4000字,可反复使用

文章照妖镜不但可用来分析文章抄袭的程度,而且可用来检测自己的博客文章被别人复制、被别人疯狂传播的程度,帮你保护你博客的版权。

[转] 开题报告、文献检索账号、文献综述、外文翻译、抄袭检测软件、论文目录,都在这了都在这了,有备无患,拿去吧!! 2012-10-12 21:15阅读(7)转载自亲爱的小孩

∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 已经是第一篇 |下一篇:2013年硕士研究生...

开题报告、文献综述、外文翻译、论文反抄袭软件、论文目录,就差论文正文了,其他都全了!! 开题报告主要包括以下几个方面: (一)论文名称

论文名称就是课题的名字

第一,名称要准确、规范。准确就是论文的名称要把论文研究的问题是什么,研究的对象是什么交待清楚,论文的名称一定要和研究的内容相一致,不能太大,也不能太小,要准确地把你研究的对象、问题概括出来。

第二,名称要简洁,不能太长。不管是论文或者课题,名称都不能太长,能不要的字就尽量不要,一般不要超过20个字。

(二) 论文研究的目的、意义

研究的目的、意义也就是为什么要研究、研究它有什么价值。这一般可以先从现实需要方面去论述,指出现实当中存在这个问题,需要去研究,去解决,本论文的研究有什么实际作用,然后,再写论文的理论和学术价值。这些都要写得具体一点,有针对性一点,不能漫无边际地空喊口号。主要内容包括:⑴ 研究的有关背景(课题的提出) : 即根据什么、受什么启发而搞这项研究。 ⑵ 通过分析本地(校) 的教育教学实际,指出为什么要研究该课题,研究的价值,要解决的问题。

(三) 本论文国内外研究的历史和现状(文献综述)。

规范些应该有,如果是小课题可以省略。一般包括:掌握其研究的广度、深度、已取得的

成果;寻找有待进一步研究的问题,从而确定本课题研究的平台(起点) 、研究的特色或突破点。

(四)论文研究的指导思想

指导思想就是在宏观上应坚持什么方向,符合什么要求等,这个方向或要求可以是哲学、政治理论,也可以是政府的教育发展规划,也可以是有关研究问题的指导性意见等。

(五) 论文写作的目标

论文写作的目标也就是课题最后要达到的具体目的, 要解决哪些具体问题,也就是本论文研究要达到的预定目标:即本论文写作的目标定位,确定目标时要紧扣课题, 用词要准确、精练、明了。

常见存在问题是:不写研究目标;目标扣题不紧;目标用词不准确; 目标定得过高, 对预定的目标没有进行研究或无法进行研究。

确定论文写作目标时,一方面要考虑课题本身的要求,另一方面要考率实际的工作条件与工作水平。

(六)论文的基本内容

研究内容要更具体、明确。并且一个目标可能要通过几方面的研究内容来实现,他们不一定是一一对应的关系。大家在确定研究内容的时候,往往考虑的不是很具体,写出来的研究内容特别笼统、模糊,把写作的目的、意义当作研究内容。

基本内容一般包括:⑴对论文名称的界说。应尽可能明确三点:研究的对象、研究的问题、研究的方法。⑵本论文写作有关的理论、名词、术语、概念的界说。

(七)论文写作的方法

具体的写作方法可从下面选定: 观察法、调查法、实验法、经验总结法、 个案法、比较研究法、文献资料法等。

(八)论文写作的步骤

论文写作的步骤,也就是论文写作在时间和顺序上的安排。论文写作的步骤要充分考虑研究内容的相互关系和难易程度,一般情况下,都是从基础问题开始,分阶段进行,每个阶段从什么时间开始,至什么时间结束都要有规定。课题研究的主要步骤和时间安排包括:整个研究拟分为哪几个阶段;各阶段的起止时间

文献综述怎么写

1) 什么是文献综述?

文献综述是研究者在其提前阅读过某一主题的文献后,经过理解、整理、融会贯通,综合分析和评价而组成的一种不同于研究论文的文体。

2) 文献综述的写作要求

1、文献综述的格式

文献综述的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法和结果,而文献综述介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。因此文献综述的格式相对多样,但总的来说,一般都包含以下四部分:即前言、主题、总结和参考文献。撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲,再根据提纲进行撰写工作。 前言,要用简明扼要的文字说明写作的目的、必要性、有关概念的定义,综述的范围,阐述有关问题的现状和动态,以及目前对主要问题争论的焦点等。前言一般200-300字为宜,不宜超过500字。

正文,是综述的重点,写法上没有固定的格式,只要能较好地表达综合的内容,作者可创造性采用诸多形式。正文主要包括论据和论证两个部分,通过提出问题、分析问题和解决问题,比较不同学者对同一问题的看法及其理论依据,进一步阐明问题的来龙去脉和作者自己的见解。当然,作者也可从问题发生的历史背景、目前现状、发展方向等提出文献的不同观点。正文部分可根据内容的多少可分为若干个小标题分别论述。

小结,是结综述正文部分作扼要的总结,作者应对各种观点进行综合评价,提出自己的看法,指出存在的问题及今后发展的方向和展望。内容单纯的综述也可不写小结。

参考文献,是综述的重要组成部分。一般参考文献的多少可体现作者阅读文献的广度和深度。对综述类论文参考文献的数量不同杂志有不同的要求,一般以30条以内为宜,以最近3-5年内的最新文献为主。

2、文献综述规定

1. 为了使选题报告有较充分的依据,要求硕士研究生在论文开题之前作文献综述。

2. 在文献综述时,研究生应系统地查阅与自己的研究方向有关的国内外文献。通常阅读文献不少于30篇,且文献搜集要客观全面

3. 在文献综述中,研究生应说明自己研究方向的发展历史,前人的主要研究成果,存在的问题及发展趋势等。

4. 文献综述要条理清晰,文字通顺简练。

5. 资料运用恰当、合理。文献引用用方括号[ ]括起来置于引用词的右上角。

6. 文献综述中要有自己的观点和见解。不能混淆作者与文献的观点。鼓励研究生多发现问题、多提出问题、并指出分析、解决问题的可能途径,针对性强。

7. 文献综述不少于3000字。

3、注意事项

⒈ 搜集文献应尽量全。掌握全面、大量的文献资料是写好综述的前提,否则,随便搜集一点资料就动手撰写是不可能写出好的综述。

⒉ 注意引用文献的代表性、可靠性和科学性。在搜集到的文献中可能出现观点雷同,有的文献在可靠性及科学性方面存在着差异,因此在引用文献时应注意选用代表性、可靠性和科学性较好的文献。

⒊ 引用文献要忠实文献内容。由于文献综述有作者自己的评论分析,因此在撰写时应分清作者的观点和文献的内容,不能篡改文献的内容。引用文献不过多。文献综述的作者引用间接文献的现象时有所见。如果综述作者从他人引用的参考文献转引过来,这些文献在他人引用时是否恰当,有无谬误,综述作者是不知道的,所以最好不要间接转引文献。

⒋ 参考文献不能省略。有的科研论文可以将参考文献省略,但文献综述绝对不能省略,而且应是文中引用过的,能反映主题全貌的并且是作者直接阅读过的文献资料。

5. 综述篇幅不可太长。杂志编辑部对综述的字数一般都有一定数量的约定。作者在初写综述时,往往不注意这点,造成虚话、空话较多,重点不突出。综述一般不宜超过4000字。 综述并不是简单的文献罗列,综述一定有作者自己的综合和归纳。有的综述只是将文献罗列,看上去像流水帐,没有作者自己的综合与分析,使人看后感到重复、费解,材料与评述协调。

3) 学术论文参考文献的著录格式

1. 专著: [序号]作者. 书名[M].版本(第1版不著录). 出版地:出版者, 出版年. 起止页码.

2. 期刊: [序号]作者. 题名[J].刊名, 年, 卷(期):起止页码.

3. 会议论文集(或汇编): [序号]作者. 题名[A].编者. 论文集名[C].出版地:出版者, 出版年. 起止页码.

4. 学位论文: [序号]作者. 题名[D]. 学位授予地址:学位授予单位,年份.

5. 专利: [序号]专利申请者. 专利题名[P].专利国别(或地区):专利号, 出版日期.

6. 科技报告: [序号]著者. 报告题名[R].编号,出版地:出版者,出版年. 起止页码.

7. 标准: [序号] 标准编号,标准名称[S].颁布日期.

8. 报纸文章 : [序号] 作者. 题名[N]. 报纸名,年-月-日(版次).

9. 电子文献: [序号] 主要责任者. 电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识]. 电子文献的出处或可获得地址,发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选).

10. 各种未定义类型的文献: [序号]主要责任者. 文献题名[Z ]. 出版地:出版者,出版年.

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外文文献翻译,好的外文文献可以从这里找!

香港科技大学图书馆Dspace http://repository.ust.hk/dspace

包括香港科技大学的学术论文、学位论文、研究报告等内容,均可免费获取全文。 Openj-gate http://www.openj-gate.org/

提供4350种开放获取的期刊的数百万期刊全文文献。

加利福尼亚大学国际和区域数字馆藏 http://repositories.cdlib.org/escholarship/

加利福尼亚大学国际和区域数字馆藏研究项目。EScholarship Repository 主要提供已出版的期刊论文、未出版的研究手稿、会议文献以及其他连接出版物上的文章1万多篇,均可免费阅读。

剑桥大学机构知识库

http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/

由Cambridge University Library 和University Computing Service 维护,提供剑桥大学相关的期刊、学术论文、学位论文等电子资源。

发展中国家联合期刊库 http://www.bioline.org.br/

非营利的电子出版物服务机构,提供来自发展中国家(如巴西、古巴、印度、印尼、肯尼亚、南非、乌干达、 津巴布韦等)的开放获取的多种期刊的全文。

美国密西根大学论文库 http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/index.jsp

美国密西根大学论文库2万多篇期刊论文、技术报告、评论等文献全文。包含艺术学、生物学、社会科学、资源环境学等学科的相关论文,另还有博硕士论文。标识为OPEN 的可以打开全文。

jfg CERN Document Server http://cdsweb.cern.ch/

主要覆盖物理学(particle physics )及相关学科,提供360,000多篇全文文献,包括预印文献、期刊论文、图书、图片、学位论文等等。

kl ArXiv http://arxiv.org/

ArXiv 是属于Cornell University的非盈利教育机构,面向物理学、数学、非线性科学、计算机科学和定量生物学等学科提供16种免费电子期刊的访问。

NASA Technical Reports Server http://ntrs.nasa.gov/?method=browse

主要是关于航空航天领域研究的科技报告和会议论文。

National Service Center for Environmental Publications http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/

National Service Center for Environmental Publications提供的是美国环境保护总署(EPA)出版物。可以通过EPA 出版号或题名检索EPA National Publications Catalog。 Energy Citations Database http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/

提供美国能源部的科技信息摘要。学科范围:材料科学、环境科学、计算机、能源和物理。文献类型包括期刊论文、学位论文、研究报告和专利。

网上免费全文期刊FullText http://www.freefulltext.com/

FreeFullText.com 提供7000多种学术期刊的免费全文获取。

Open J-Gate 开放获取期刊门户 http://www.openj-gate.com/

提供基于开放获取的近 4000 种期刊的免费检索和全文链接,包含学校、研究机构和行业期刊,其中超过 1500 种学术期刊经过同行评议( Peer-Reviewed )

PMC(PubMed Centeral) http://www.pubmedcentral.org/

美国NCBI (美国国家生物技术信息中心)建立的数字化生命科学期刊文献集,S 现提供50余种生物医学期刊免费全文

DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)

http://www.doaj.org/

免费的全文科技学术期刊。现有2752种期刊,其中830种可以全文搜索。目前有140307篇文章。

HighWire Press http://intl.highwire.org

斯坦福大学图书馆的分支机构——HighWire 出版社,拥有最大的免费期刊数据库,可以在线提供916种免费期刊和1,149,216篇全文

University of Tennessee, Knoxville http://diglib.lib.utk.edu/utj/jei-home.php

田纳西大学的经济学杂志,包括2000年至2002年三年共12期的免费期刊。

The Electronic Library of Mathematics http://emis.math.ecnu.edu.cn/journals/

欧洲数学会电子图书馆,提供了期刊、会议、论文集、专著、演讲、软件等资源。并提供期刊和电子版图书的全文浏览。非电子版图书提供前言、摘要、目录和书评等内容。特别地,在经典著作栏目内,目前可检索到哈密尔顿和黎曼的经典论文的全文。

Science.gov http://www.science.gov/

美国“科学”网站收录内容以研究与开发报告为主,所有的信息均免费使用,也不必注册,但是通过这些站点链接的有些信息是限制使用或有条件使用的。

ERIC 教育资源信息中心 http://www.eric.ed.gov/

美国教育部资助的网站系列和世界上最大的教育资源数据库,其中包括各种文档以及教育研究与实践方面的论文摘要,这些摘要超过了一百万篇,收录980多种教育及和教育相关的期刊文献的题录和文摘。部分资源可查找到全文

PLoS 公共科学图书馆 http://www.plos.org/

PLOS 是一家由众多诺贝尔奖得主和慈善机构支持的非赢利性学术组织,旨在推广世界各地的科学和医学领域的最新研究成果,使其成为一种公众资源,科学家、医生、病人和学生可以通过这样一个不受限制的平台来了解最新的科研动态。PLoS 出版了8种生命科学与医学领域的期刊,可以免费获取全文。

Journal of Statistical Software http://www.jstatsoft.org/

由美国统计协会出版的《统计软件杂志》,提供1996年至今20卷的内容。可以免费获取全文。

Social Science Research Network http://www.ssrn.com/

社会科学(经济类)研究论文数据库,部分提供全文。

Max Planck Society http://www.livingreviews.org

德国马普学会,该学会创办了3种开放存取杂志:

(1)Living Reviews in Relativity ISSN 1433-8351 http://relativity.livingreviews.org/

(2)Living Reviews in Solar Physics ISSN 1614-4961 http://solarphysics.livingreviews.org/

(3)Living Reviews in European Governance ISSN: 1813-856X

http://europeangovernance.livingreviews.org/

Networked Computer Science Technical Reference Library(NCSTRL ) http://www.ncstrl.org/

毕业论文目录自动生成 http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMjY2NzAzNjcy.html

给所有08级要开始写论文的孩子们, 还在为寻找和下载论文及文献发愁吗?这里有各种网站的账号密码,拿去登陆吧!!!

1.维普VIP 密码

http://vmis.cqvip.com

账号:nm531密码:131420

2. 维普

http://vmis.cqvip.com/

帐号:nm531

密码:131420

3. 免费万方入口

http://218.69.114.37/wf/cddb/cddbft.htm

4. 比较好的ibrary

http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/libweb/elib/do/login

User Name: 68-13313

Password: bigchalk

5. 高权限ezproxy 期刊

[url=https://login.ezproxy.fau.edu/login]https://login.ezproxy.fau.edu/login[/u

rl]

21976000002515

6. 万方硕博论文全文

从1977年到2004年, 免费下载

http://218.69.114.37/wf/cddb/cddbft.htm

7. 国外硕博论文全文下载(这个可是重量级的!)

快速检索地http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/etd-search.html

按作者名检http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/browse/by_author/

按系(专业)检索http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/browse/by_department

8.cnki 全库,非常好用

http://www.cnki.net/

用户名:dx0031

密码:lhtsjy

9. 一些可用的cnki 全文数据库

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

用户名及密码

sypbxy/sypbxy

bjyyys/bjyyys

K10129/gyzyjs

hljhd/hljhd

hun /sr2015

nj0084b /zjswdx

sipo339/sipo339

sh0118/cnqtsg

xinfei/xinfei

ncyzys/ncyzys

syscsz/syscsz

10. 万方数据库

http://218.69.114.37/wf/cddb/cddbft.htm可查期刊库

http://lib.zgc.gov.cn:85/szhqk/index.html

11.cnki 全库,非常好用

http://www.cnki.net/

用户名:dx0031

密码:lhtsjy

12. 数据库网http://www.searchcenter.gov.cn

用户名:bsd228 登录密码:bsd228

13. 维普:

http://210.34.157.60:8086/

免输用户名和密码, 系统已默认为guest, 也不要点击" 登录" 按钮. 可直接检索和下载 http://202.98.130.214:1011/index.asp

用户名:sss 密码:sss06

http://www.tydata.com

选择一个结点,在页面上点击

帐号:fjnl 口令:fjnl2005

西南节点可以使用

14. 中国博硕论文全文数据库

http://www.cnki.net/NewWeb/

用户名/密码:cdzwys/cdzwys

http://www.cd.cnki.net/newweb/

帐号:syfqxy

密码:syfqxy

15.CNKI 全文博硕论文库

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

用户名/密码heb/jc7412

16. 万方帐号

http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/

wfdhlg/344000

17. 万方资源(在弹出窗口中,输入密码)

http://www.whwanfangdata.com/

wjly/wjly

18.cnki (如果出现最大人数已满,请进入镜象地址) 全库

yszh/yszh bjyyys/bjyyys cdzwys/cdzwys syzjhz/syzjhz ncyzys/ncyzys syycxy/syycxy

K10129/gyzyjs cqkcsy/cqkcsy sypbxy/sypbxy

部分库

ycssgz/ycssgz tzslgz/tzslgz

万方数据库

http://www.whwanfangdata.com/

wjly/wjly

http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/

wfdhlg/344000

维普帐户

http://202.98.130.214:1011/index.asp

sss/sss06

维普---直接登陆入口

http://210.34.157.60:8086/

中国权威经济论文库

http://203.207.228.101

用户名:xjcjxy密码:xjcjxy

清华CNKI 全能资源

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

sypbxy/sypbxy

CNKI 期刊、博硕通库、全库密码

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

szxxys / szxxys

可用的apabi 读书卡

http://library.chinesebook.com.cn

user51173/7yu2ui

武汉大学图书馆

http://202.114.65.40/journal/default_new.asp 进入后选择科目,点击期刊,选择中国期刊网即可.

清华CNKI 全能资源

http://www.edu.cnki.net/index.htm

beiyong//336699

CNKI 全库

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

bjyyys/bjyyys

yszh/yszh

beiyong//336699

tzslgz/tzslgz

CNKI 共享

http://www.cd.cnki.net/newweb/

kt1005/kfklff

巨灵金融数据库网络版

219.133.37.37

lxxy/lxxy

珍贵万方资源期刊

http://hk.wanfangdata.com.cn/wf/index.html ncue/ncue

维普全库

http://61.154.14.143:8080/index.asp id:sun

mm:3258135

CNKI 超全库密码

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

cdzwys/cdzwys

yszh/yszh

万方资源库

http://wanfangdata.com.cn

用户名:wfdhlg 密码:344000

南平电大数字图书馆(PDF格式)

http://library.nprtvu.com/dlib/defaults.asp

用户名、密码均为guest ,速度较慢,见谅。

新的超星数字图书馆

http://61.187.64.20/bookhtm/

如果不能使用请把超星设置代理为:61.187.64.20:80,然后就应该正常了 CNKI 共享

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

wuwu/wuwu

南师电子图书馆,全部为PDF 格式,质量极好

http://ncsf.com.cn:8081

用户名和密码均为:ns

中国得瑞数字化信息中心大量pdf 书籍可下

http://ebook.hzrtvu.edu.cn/dlib/

guest guest进入

清华CNKI 全库资源

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

sh0118 /cnqtsg

CNKI 全库期刊资源

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

dx0027 / lhjxxy

40万新超星

http://210.41.192.31/chaoxing/index.asp

410405 本图书符合查询要求, 有耐心可以使用. 龙源期刊网免费阅读资源

安徽大学入口:

http://cn.qikan.com/ahdx/reg.asp?VirtualDir=ahdx 北京大学

代理:162.105.210.60:1080@SOCKS4#

网址http://www.pku.edu.cn

南开大学

文献代理:202.113.31.90:8081

校图书馆http://www.lib.nankai.edu.cn/

文献摘要:可上超星(516486 本图书符合查询要求:)

山东大学

219.218.105.93:8080

219.218.107.124:8080

219.218.109.74:8080

219.231.175.99:8080

219.231.175.148:8080

http://elsevier.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/

电子科技大学

202.115.16.250:3128

南京大学

221.226.2.152:8080

http://elsevier.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/

广州工业大学

202.116.137.3:808@HTTP

http://202.116.140.118/webaLibrary/

cnki 全库帐号

http://www.cnki.net/index.htm

用户名:dx0030

密码:swhx66

圣典图书

http://cnlib.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/index/index.jsp shfj/shfj

中经统计数据网

http://cedb.cei.gov.cn

bnulib/bnulib

30万册的超星新图书馆

http://211.84.227.2/

上海教育网络数字图书馆

http://202.120.96.59/book.asp

代理202.120.142.68:3128@HTTP

维普:

1http://www.15.cn/index.asp nbtvu/123456 2http://218.57.135.234/ yuq/yuq2004

cnki :

1http://www.cnki.net/index.htm ysjs/ysjs

2http://www.cnki.net/index.htm wuzhou/wuzhou 3http://edu.cnki.net/INDEX.HTM ysjs/ysjs 圣典图书

http://cnlib.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/index/index.jsp shfj/shfj

中经统计数据网

http://cedb.cei.gov.cn

bnulib/bnulib

国图

http://210.37.32.21:8080/ly/test_1.jsp?s=1

http://202.196.100.12:8080/ly/test_1.jsp?s=1

http://210.43.39.3:8080/ly/test_1.jsp

30万册的超星新图书馆

http://211.84.227.2/

上海教育网络数字图书馆

http://202.120.96.59/book.asp

代理202.120.142.68:3128@HTTP

五分钟搞定5000字-外文文献翻译,你想要的工具都在这里。【大四的时候写毕业论文老师就要求得翻译外文文献并写入论文】

在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节,许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献,借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多,慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器:Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸(完整版本)和CNKI“翻译助手" 。

具体操作过程如下:

1. 先打开金山词霸自动取词功能,然后阅读文献;

2. 遇到无法理解的长句时,可以交给Google 处理,处理后的结果猛一看,不堪入目,可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明了了;

3. 如果通过Google 仍然无法理解,感觉就是不同,那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词”理解有误,因为某些单词看似很简单,但是在文献中有特殊的意思,这时就可以通过CNKI 的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思,由于CNKI 的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献,所以它的吻合率很高。

另外,在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位,这样才不会造成“只见树木,不见森林”的误导。

注:

1、Google 翻译:http://www.google.cn/language_tools

google ,众所周知,谷歌里面的英文文献和资料还算是比较详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文,当然这方面的帖子很多,大家可以搜索,在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻译上来。下面给大家举个例子来说明如何用吧

比如说“电磁感应透明效应”这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译,

首先你可以在CNKI 里查中文的,根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做,一般比较准确。

在此主要是说在google 里怎么知道这个翻译意思。大家应该都有词典吧,按中国人的办法,把一个一个词分着查出来,敲到google 里,你的这种翻译一般不太准,当然你需要验证是否准确了,这下看着吧,把你的那支离破碎的翻译在google 里搜索,你能看到许多相关的文献或资料,大家都不是笨蛋,看看,也就能找到最精确的翻译了,纯西式的!我就是这么用的。

2、CNKI 翻译:http://dict.cnki.net

CNKI 翻译助手,这个网站不需要介绍太多,可能有些人也知道的。主要说说它的有点,你进去看看就能发现:搜索的肯定是专业词汇,而且它翻译结果下面有文章与之对应(因为它是CNKI 检索提供的,它的翻译是从文献里抽出来的),很实用的一个网站。估计别的写文章的人不是傻子吧,它们的东西我们可以直接拿来用,当然省事了。网址告诉大家,有兴趣的进去看看,你们就会发现其乐无穷!还是很值得用的。http://dict.cnki.net

3、网路版金山词霸(不到1M ):http://pickup.mofile.com/6946901637944806

翻译时的速度:

这里我谈的是电子版和打印版的翻译速度,按个人翻译速度看,打印版的快些,因为看电子版本一是费眼睛,二是如果我们用电脑,可能还经常时不时玩点游戏,或者整点别的,导致最终SPPEED 变慢,再之电脑上一些词典(金山词霸等)在专业翻译方面也不是特别好,所以翻译效果不佳。在此本人建议大家购买清华大学编写的好像是国防工业出版社的那本《英汉科学技术词典》,基本上挺好用。再加上网站如:google CNKI翻译助手,这样我们的翻译速度会提高不少。

具体翻译时的一些技巧(主要是写论文和看论文方面)

大家大概都应预先清楚明白自己专业方向的国内牛人,在这里我强烈建议大家仔细看完这些头上长角的人物的中英文文章,这对你在专业方向的英文和中文互译水平提高有很大帮助。 我们大家最蹩脚的实质上是写英文论文,而非看英文论文,但话说回来我们最终提高还是要从下大工夫看英文论文开始。提到会看,我想它是有窍门的,个人总结如下:

1、把不同方面的论文分夹存放,在看论文时,对论文必须做到看完后完全明白(你重视的论文);懂得其某部分讲了什么(你需要参考的部分论文),在看明白这些论文的情况下,我们大家还得紧接着做的工作就是把论文中你觉得非常巧妙的表达写下来,或者是你论文或许能用到的表达摘记成本。这个本将是你以后的财富。你写论文时再也不会为了一些表达不符合西方表达模式而烦恼。你的论文也降低了被SCI 或大牛刊物退稿的几率。不信,你可以试一试

2、把摘记的内容自己编写成检索,这个过程是我们对文章再回顾,而且是对你摘抄的经典妙笔进行梳理的重要阶段。你有了这个过程。写英文论文时,将会有一种信手拈来的感觉。许多文笔我们不需要自己再翻译了。当然前提是你梳理的非常细,而且中英文对照写的比较详细。

3、最后一点就是我们往大成修炼的阶段了,万事不是说成的,它是做出来的。写英文论文也就像我们小学时开始学写作文一样,你不练笔是肯定写不出好作品来的。所以在此我鼓励大家有时尝试着把自己的论文强迫自己写成英文的,一遍不行,可以再修改。最起码到最后你会很满意。呵呵,我想我是这么觉得的。

反论文抄袭检查,吼吼,终于找到了

很多即将毕业的学生都在为一件事情发愁,就是自已的论文能否能过抄袭检测, 所以经常打来电话,询问相关的软件问题。

现在提供论文检测的机构主要来源于三大中文期刊数据库,即中国知网论文检测系统,万方论文相似性检测系统,维普通达检测系统。

现在应用较多的是中国知网和万方的检测系统,但是两者都不是免费的,只有维普通达注册后可以免费检测三次。

介于此考虑,我在网上收集了一下,提供免费检测论文的几个网站。虽然与权威检测机构的检测结果不一定完全一致,但肯定对论文的修改是有一定帮助的。

1 维普通达检测系统http://gocheck.cn

个人注册后,可以免费检测三次。

维普通达检测系统是继中国知网和万方后,又一个拥有海量期刊文献系统支持的论文防抄袭检测系统,他的检测结果较其它网站,更为权威。个人建议使用该系统。

2 知识产权卫士-拷克网 http://www.copycheck.com.cn/index.html

暂时网站论文检测为完全免费。

拷克网成立于2009年,是专业的内容抄袭智能检测平台服务商,成立以来一直执行 “技术领先战略”,开创了具有国际领先水平的核心、高端、基础技术---互联网在线中文智能抄袭检测技术,作为一家拥有领先技术的服务商,我们致力于通过对技术的创新和应用,来满知识版权组织和个人的需要。

公司的技术核心是内容抄袭智能检测技术研究,以分词技术为基础,以结构智能方法论为指导,开发出文本语义结构化引擎、版式语义结构化引擎、行为语义分析引擎,由此构建了互联网内容抄袭智能检测服务平台。该服务平台主要提供:网站监控、数据萃取、信息标引、情报发现与分析、知识网络、行为语义分析等在线服务。

3 论文检测大师 http://www.check-paper.com/fileload/

暂时网站论文检测,每个IP 免费检测两次。

只支持 doc 类型文件上传!提交您的有效论文,请不要上传无用文档,每个IP 仅有2次检测机会,您的检测结果将以word 文档的方式发送到您的邮箱里。

4 PaperPass.Org 论文通行证网 http://www.paperpass.org/

系统推出免费试用功能,通过您的手机号码即可申请。申请成功后,您将免费获得3000字

的检测量(每个手机限申请一次)。

注:由于服务器服务能力有限,网站每天(从零点计算)提供1000个用户申请免费试用,申请完为止,请您在每天的较早些时候申请,敬请谅解。

PaperPass.Org 网站诞生于2007年,是全球首个中文文献相似度比对系统,运营三年来,已经发展成为最权威、最可信赖的中文原创性检查和预防剽窃的在线网站。目前在用检测版本是汲取了大量的用户意见后开发的,更新了比对算法,比对的效率和准确率大大提高,另外还增加了上传文件、下载报告、引用率统计等实用功能。我们将继续贴近用户需求,升级比对算法,为用户提供更为专业的论文原创性检测服务。

5 中国搜文章照妖镜 http://www.zhongguosou.com/zonghe/fanchaoxi.html

完全免费,每次可检测4000字,可反复使用

文章照妖镜不但可用来分析文章抄袭的程度,而且可用来检测自己的博客文章被别人复制、被别人疯狂传播的程度,帮你保护你博客的版权。

2015升本智博升本写作必读共7页作文19700字

五年级作文

专升本写作不好的必读

热点作文1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Online Romance. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 随着互联网的普及,出现了很多网络恋情

2) 人们对此褒贬不一

3) 你的看法

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求阐述人们对该现象所持的不同态度,提纲第3点要求表明“我”的看法,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述网络恋情的出现,引出人们对其的不同态度; 对比阐述两种态度各自的理由; 表明“我”更倾向于哪种态度并说明理由。

【参考范文】

Online Romance

With the widespread of the Internet, there have appeared many online romances. The lovers meet over the Internet, date on the net and finally fall in love with each other. People’s opinions on it vary greatly.

Some people think online love is very romantic and exciting. It is an amazing thing that the Internet brings together two strange persons far away from each other. Moreover, they think that online romance, compared with realistic love, attaches more emphasis on the appeal to each other in spirit and involves less material conditions. However, many others think differently. In their eyes, the Internet is a virtual world, on which there impossibly exist real, enduring love since it is very difficult to tell the real from the fake by the Internet. Besides, they argue that pursuing online romance is sometimes very dangerous because there are many cheaters on the net. As far as I am concerned, it is an easy and fast way for people to make new people by the Internet. However, people should have more protection and safety

consciousness when making friends by the Internet. Don’t give out rashly your personal information to strangers on the net. And keep it in your mind that you should have more realistic knowledge of each other before starting a romance.

热点作文2

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Make the Best Use of College Life. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 有的大学生在入学后寻找各种途径去赚钱

2) 有的大学生为应付各种考试,经常参加各种辅导班

3) 你打算如何有效地利用你的大学时光

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点和提纲第2点分别提出对待某问题的不同处理方式,提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”的处理方式,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:提出“如何有效利用大学时光”这一问题; 阐述大学生主要将时间花在哪些方面和他们的主要考虑; 谈谈“我”打算如何利用我的大学时光和“我”的主要理由。

【参考范文】

How to Make the Best Use of College Life

It is beyond doubt that we enjoy more free time in college than in middle school. But as to how to make use of our spare time, different students hold sharply different views.

In order to earn money, a good number of undergraduates are busy doing part-time jobs. In this way, they can relieve their families’ financial burden to some extent. Besides, they can achieve more independence through their work. Others are confronted by countless exams and they often attend guidance lectures in the hope of improving their performance in these tests. They believe that a record of good exam results will be useful when they look for jobs in the future.

As far as I am concerned, I will live my college life in a different way. On the one hand, as a student, I will give priority to the development of my knowledge and skills, so I am determined to spend most of my spare time studying hard. On the other hand, I think it is necessary for me to join one or more of the student associations. These associations can provide chances to improve my communicating skills and make my life colorful. In conclusion, I do believe that my college life will turn out to be colorful as well as fruitful.

热点作文3

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Young People Should Have Combatant Spirit. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given below:

1) 现在很多年轻人缺乏拼搏精神

2) 导致这一问题的原因是什么

3) 大学生应该加强拼搏精神

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一个问题,指纲第2点要求分析导致该问题的原因,提纲第3点要求说明如何解决该问题,由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述年轻人缺乏拼搏精神的现状; 分析导致这一问题的原因; 说明大学生应该如何加强拼搏精神。

【参考范文】

Young People Should Have Combatant Spirit

Nowadays, quite a few people believe that combatant spirit is essential for one’s success in today’s competitive world. However, some young people today think nothing of this spirit which,in their opinion, is only needed in revolutionary age. Even worse, when facing the difficulties, they will choose to yield or cower without making any efforts.

There are many factors resulting in young people’s lack of combatant spirit. Among these, comfortable living environment plays a vital role. Today’s parents provide nearly everything to the children, which results in the children’s lack of motivation for striving on their own. What’s more, the present education system does not pay much attention to help the young people build up the combatant spirit.

Considering the importance of combatant spirit, I think it is high time to take effective measures to strengthen young people’s combatant spirit. Above all, parents shouldn ’t spoil their children and should ask their children to strive for what they intend to obtain. Moreover, schools should build a better environment for students to develop their struggle and aggressive spirit. Besides, young people themselves should adjust their minds and follow the examples of those people in history or around us who achieve their success under the stimulation of combatant spirit. In a word, it is an urgent thing for today’s young people to enhance combatant spirit.

热点作文4

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Work with a Person or Work with a Machine? You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given below:

1) 一些人喜欢和人打交道多的工作

2) 然而也有一些人更愿意和机器打交道

3) 你更喜欢哪种工作? 为什么?

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出人们的一种喜好,提纲第2点要求指出人们的另外一种喜好,提纲第3点要求“我”从中做出选择,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:指出人们对于工作的两种喜好:喜欢和人打交道多的工作,喜欢和机器打交道多的工作; 对比阐述两种工作各自的特点; 表明“我”更喜欢哪种工作,并说明理由。

【参考范文】

Work with a Person or Work with a Machine?

When asked about work preference, different people will give different answers. Some people like working with people. However, others prefer jobs which mainly involve objects or machines.

Those people who have the first preference believe working with people usually makes one feel interesting and efficient. In addition, they maintain people can be inspired to bring forward new ideas by communicating or consulting with those around them. However, still others have different preferences. In their opinions, working with objects or machines can make one enjoy more peace and quiet. Besides, they argue, under such peaceful conditions, one can do more practical work, improve his skill and make technical renovations.

Weighing up these two kinds of work, I prefer working with people. For one thing, I like to cooperate with others and work in a team. For another, although there are competition and rivalry, we can learn something from other people. Considering these, I think, working with people is beneficial to our career development. 来

热点作文5

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Body-building. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 近年来越来越多的人开始参加各种健身俱乐部或健身中心

2) 人们健身的目的有哪些

3) 你对此的看法来源:考试大

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求说明人们热衷于该现象的目的,提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”对该现象的看法,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述近年来人们热衷于参加健身俱乐部或健身中心的现象; 说明人们健身的主要目的; 谈谈“我”对健身的看法。

【参考范文】

Body-building

In recent years, more and more people spare no pains to join in the body-building group. People begin to take part in various fitness clubs or fitness centers in their spare time. This shows body-building has become an indispensable part of many people’s life.

Why are so many people keen on body-building? Firstly, keeping health is one of their main purposes. In modern society, many people stay for most of the day before the desk without doing any exercises, which definitely harms their health. Body-building caters to the need of these people who come to realize the potential danger of their working pattern. Secondly, body-building is beneficial for people to keep their body shape. Many setting-up exercises like aerobics are very helpful in cutting up weight. Besides, body-building is a good way by which people can release pressure.

As far as I am concerned, the popularity of body-building will be a long-time trend. It shows people begin to pay more and more attention to life quality. As a fashionable, healthy lifestyle, body-building will attract more and more people.

热点作文6

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Parasites of Big Cities. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 现在大城市里有很多“城市寄生虫”,他们以乞讨为生

2) 这种现象带来的影响

3) 如何解决这一问题

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一种不良现象,提纲第2点要求分析该现象带来的影响,提纲第3点要求说明如何解决该问题,由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述大城市中的“城市寄生虫”现象; 分析“城市寄生虫”现象带来的影响; 说明应该如何才能有效地减少这种“城市寄生虫”。

【参考范文】

Parasites of Big Cities

Nowadays there are many beggars in big cities, who are called “parasites of big cities”. Some are begging something to eat for survival, while most of them are professional beggars according to the survey. In addition to plain beggars in rags, there are many disabled beggars and begging families with the children as the leading character. Besides, in recent years, student beggars have appeared.

No doubt, these “parasites of big cities” have brought great bad effects. On the one hand, their asking a reward without labor is a burden on the society and influences the city image. On the other hand, many pretended beggars cheat people’s sympathy by fake stories and experiences, which is very harmful to society.

Considering the bad effects of “parasites of big cities”, it is high time for us to take effective measures to solve the problem. Firstly, the government should pay more attention to these beggars and resettle them in a reasonable way. Secondly, education and training should be given to these beggars to help them learn how to support themselves. Besides, people should be more cautious in providing helps to the beggars and leave no chance to those cheaters.

热点作文7

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Security or Privacy? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 近些年来,许多公共场合都安装了摄像监控装置

2) 人们对此众说纷纭

3) 你的看法

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求阐述人们对该现象的不同看法,提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”的看法,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述近年来公共场合安装摄像监控装置的现象,引出人们对其的争议; 对比阐述争议双方各自的理由; 表明“我”的倾向并陈述理由。

【参考范文】

Security or Privacy?

In recent years, security cameras are installed in public places for the purpose of preventing and combating crimes. This phenomenon has sparked many debates. Most people welcome it and believe these cameras play a positive role in maintaining people’s security, while still some others think installing cameras infringe people’s privacy rights.

Those supporters maintain that installing cameras in public places, especially some key sites, can provide law enforcement agencies with criminal evidence. Moreover, they say that installation of cameras is a good deterrent to those with intentions of crimes. However, those protesting this practice claim that the government shouldn’t sacrifice millions of citizens’ privacy rights only for monitoring probably nonexistent crimes.

As to me, I prefer the former opinion. In my opinion, As far as public security situation is concerned, the installation of security cameras is quite necessary to

maintaining citizens’ security. On the other hand, people needn’t feel uncomfortable for being monitored by a camera in public places since everything we do outside can be seen by some other people. To conclude, the advantages of installing cameras in public places much outweigh its disadvantages.

热点作文8

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Campus Politics. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 很多大学生都热衷于参加“校园政治”活动,比如竞选学生会或社团干部

2) 这样做有哪些好处

3) 可能带来的问题

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求说明这种现象会带来的好处,提纲第3点要求分析该现象可能带来的问题,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述大学校园内的学生热衷参加“校园政治”的现象; 说明参加“校园政治”的好处; 分析过分热衷于“校园政治”可能带来的问题。

【参考范文】

Campus Politics

Nowadays, many college students show great enthusiasm in participating into campus political activities, such as running for heads of the Students Union or the associations. Campus politics is an important part of college life.

College students can benefit a lot from participation in campus politics. Above all, by attending campus political activities, students can develop their practical

capabilities, especially management and coordination capacity. Moreover, these activities provide students a stage to show themselves and bring their abilities into full play. Besides, campus political activities help strengthen students’ sense of responsibility.

However, campus politics might bring some problems. Too much participation in campus politics might influence study. Besides, some students’ being keen on campus politics is for fame and gain, which will influence their health of mentality. Therefore, schools and teachers should give necessary instruction to students on their participation into campus politics.

热点作文9

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Deal with Sub-health. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given below:

1) 现代社会很多人都处于“亚健康”状态

2) 造成“亚健康”的原因

3) 应该如何解决“亚健康”问题

【思路点拨】

本文属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求提出一个问题,提纲第2点要求分析导致该问题的原因,提纲第3点要求说明如何解决该问题,由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:指出亚健康问题的普遍性及其影响; 分析亚健康出现的原因; 说明应该如何解决亚健康问题。

【参考范文】

How to Deal with Sub-health

Nowadays, quite a few people are suffering from sub-health. Indeed, sub-health can result in both physical and mental diseases. Even worse, people who suffer from sub-health are more easily to die prematurely.

There are many factors resulting in sub-health. Among these, the pace of modern life plays a vital role. The fast pace of modern life exerts great pressure on people and pressure is the ultimate cause of sub-health. What’s more, modern people spend too much night time working or entertaining, which seriously affects their health.

Considering the great harm brought by sub-health, I think it is high time that we took effective measures to prevent sub-health. Firstly, people must have enough sleep to ensure that they can regain energy and physical strength. Secondly, people should have a rational diet under the instruction of doctor in order to avoid the diseases caused by malnutrition or super-nutrition. Thirdly, people should regularly do some exercise to keep healthy. To conclude, it is necessary for us to take flexible measures to avoid the threat of sub-health.

热点作文10

Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Customers Buy Cut-price Products? You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given below:

1) 现在许多人都喜欢买打折商品

2) 而另一些人认为越是打折的商品越不能买

3) “我”的看法

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点和提纲第2点要求提出两种相反的观点,提纲第3点要求表明“我”的看法,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。 根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:指出人们对待打折商品的两种不同态度:可以买打折商品, 不应该买打折商品; 对比阐述两种态度各自的理由; 表明“我”更倾向于哪种态度,并说明理由。

【参考范文】来源:www.examda.com

Should Customers Buy Cut-price Products?

When asked about whether customers should buy cut-price products, different people will offer different views. Some people like to buy cut-price products since a discount is a great appeal. However, others maintain that it’s not a wise and rational idea to buy discount products.

Those people who make the former choice believe they can save themselves a lot of money by buying cut-price products. In addition, they can use less money to buy more products. However, still others do not agree this. In their opinions, the discount is merely a business means of attracting customers and enhancing their desires for purchase. Besides, they argue that the discount always tempts customers to buy something unnecessary.

As to me, I tend to refuse to buy cut-price products. For one thing, complaints about cut-price products rank first in recent days according to the newspapers. For another, cut-price products are usually not provided with an after-sales service, such as three guarantees for products. Considering these, we may reasonably conclude that customers should think carefully when they buy cut-price products

热点作文1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Why Do People Like to Buy Lotteries? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 目前社会上有许多人喜欢购买彩票

2) 分析产生这种现象的原因

3) 提出你的建议

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求分析产生这种现象的原因,提纲第3点要求“我”针对该现象给出建议,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

With the popularization of Internet, cyber crimes have become a serious problem facing us. Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on the Internet. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property, others snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce, and still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses.

However, we shouldn’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more. It’s high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes. First, we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly. Moreover, we should develop high techniques as soon as possible to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes. Besides, more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the net immune to all kinds of viruses.

As college students, we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes. For one thing, we should not use others’ computers unless we get permission. For another, we should be honest to others on the Internet and not release or spread unreal information. In a word, it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes. 热点作文4

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Test for National Civil Servants. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 近几年兴起了一股报考国家公务员的热潮

2) 分析产生这一现象的原因

3) 你对此的看法是„„

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出近几年社会上出现的一种现象,提纲第2点要求分析产生这种现象的原因,提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”对该现象的看法,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述近几年来报考国家公务员的热潮; 分析产生这一热潮的主要原因; 谈谈“我”对报考公务员的看法。

【参考范文】

Test for National Civil Servants

In recent years, there are more and more people who have participated in the test for national civil servants. Millions of students choose civil servant as their most ideal occupation after graduation. And among them, the high-educated, like masters and doctors, take quite a large percentage. The craze in civil servant test has attracted widespread attention.

The following reasons can account for this kind of craze. Above all, nowadays college students face great employment pressure. Civil servant, as one of the most stable professions in today’s China, becomes their preferable choice. Moreover, in recent years, the welfare and salary of civil servants have been improved greatly, which undoubtedly attracts many people. Besides, the high social position of civil servants is an important factor drawing many people to take part in the civil servant test.

In my opinion, this craze in civil servant test will continue in the following years. However, from the long run, it doesn’t do good to the development of the nation. If most high quality talents gather in the government departments, it might lead to a waste of resources. Therefore, both the individuals and the government should have a more objective recognition of the civil servant test craze.

专升本写作不好的必读

热点作文1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Online Romance. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 随着互联网的普及,出现了很多网络恋情

2) 人们对此褒贬不一

3) 你的看法

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求阐述人们对该现象所持的不同态度,提纲第3点要求表明“我”的看法,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述网络恋情的出现,引出人们对其的不同态度; 对比阐述两种态度各自的理由; 表明“我”更倾向于哪种态度并说明理由。

【参考范文】

Online Romance

With the widespread of the Internet, there have appeared many online romances. The lovers meet over the Internet, date on the net and finally fall in love with each other. People’s opinions on it vary greatly.

Some people think online love is very romantic and exciting. It is an amazing thing that the Internet brings together two strange persons far away from each other. Moreover, they think that online romance, compared with realistic love, attaches more emphasis on the appeal to each other in spirit and involves less material conditions. However, many others think differently. In their eyes, the Internet is a virtual world, on which there impossibly exist real, enduring love since it is very difficult to tell the real from the fake by the Internet. Besides, they argue that pursuing online romance is sometimes very dangerous because there are many cheaters on the net. As far as I am concerned, it is an easy and fast way for people to make new people by the Internet. However, people should have more protection and safety

consciousness when making friends by the Internet. Don’t give out rashly your personal information to strangers on the net. And keep it in your mind that you should have more realistic knowledge of each other before starting a romance.

热点作文2

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Make the Best Use of College Life. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 有的大学生在入学后寻找各种途径去赚钱

2) 有的大学生为应付各种考试,经常参加各种辅导班

3) 你打算如何有效地利用你的大学时光

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点和提纲第2点分别提出对待某问题的不同处理方式,提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”的处理方式,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:提出“如何有效利用大学时光”这一问题; 阐述大学生主要将时间花在哪些方面和他们的主要考虑; 谈谈“我”打算如何利用我的大学时光和“我”的主要理由。

【参考范文】

How to Make the Best Use of College Life

It is beyond doubt that we enjoy more free time in college than in middle school. But as to how to make use of our spare time, different students hold sharply different views.

In order to earn money, a good number of undergraduates are busy doing part-time jobs. In this way, they can relieve their families’ financial burden to some extent. Besides, they can achieve more independence through their work. Others are confronted by countless exams and they often attend guidance lectures in the hope of improving their performance in these tests. They believe that a record of good exam results will be useful when they look for jobs in the future.

As far as I am concerned, I will live my college life in a different way. On the one hand, as a student, I will give priority to the development of my knowledge and skills, so I am determined to spend most of my spare time studying hard. On the other hand, I think it is necessary for me to join one or more of the student associations. These associations can provide chances to improve my communicating skills and make my life colorful. In conclusion, I do believe that my college life will turn out to be colorful as well as fruitful.

热点作文3

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Young People Should Have Combatant Spirit. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given below:

1) 现在很多年轻人缺乏拼搏精神

2) 导致这一问题的原因是什么

3) 大学生应该加强拼搏精神

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一个问题,指纲第2点要求分析导致该问题的原因,提纲第3点要求说明如何解决该问题,由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述年轻人缺乏拼搏精神的现状; 分析导致这一问题的原因; 说明大学生应该如何加强拼搏精神。

【参考范文】

Young People Should Have Combatant Spirit

Nowadays, quite a few people believe that combatant spirit is essential for one’s success in today’s competitive world. However, some young people today think nothing of this spirit which,in their opinion, is only needed in revolutionary age. Even worse, when facing the difficulties, they will choose to yield or cower without making any efforts.

There are many factors resulting in young people’s lack of combatant spirit. Among these, comfortable living environment plays a vital role. Today’s parents provide nearly everything to the children, which results in the children’s lack of motivation for striving on their own. What’s more, the present education system does not pay much attention to help the young people build up the combatant spirit.

Considering the importance of combatant spirit, I think it is high time to take effective measures to strengthen young people’s combatant spirit. Above all, parents shouldn ’t spoil their children and should ask their children to strive for what they intend to obtain. Moreover, schools should build a better environment for students to develop their struggle and aggressive spirit. Besides, young people themselves should adjust their minds and follow the examples of those people in history or around us who achieve their success under the stimulation of combatant spirit. In a word, it is an urgent thing for today’s young people to enhance combatant spirit.

热点作文4

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Work with a Person or Work with a Machine? You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given below:

1) 一些人喜欢和人打交道多的工作

2) 然而也有一些人更愿意和机器打交道

3) 你更喜欢哪种工作? 为什么?

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出人们的一种喜好,提纲第2点要求指出人们的另外一种喜好,提纲第3点要求“我”从中做出选择,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:指出人们对于工作的两种喜好:喜欢和人打交道多的工作,喜欢和机器打交道多的工作; 对比阐述两种工作各自的特点; 表明“我”更喜欢哪种工作,并说明理由。

【参考范文】

Work with a Person or Work with a Machine?

When asked about work preference, different people will give different answers. Some people like working with people. However, others prefer jobs which mainly involve objects or machines.

Those people who have the first preference believe working with people usually makes one feel interesting and efficient. In addition, they maintain people can be inspired to bring forward new ideas by communicating or consulting with those around them. However, still others have different preferences. In their opinions, working with objects or machines can make one enjoy more peace and quiet. Besides, they argue, under such peaceful conditions, one can do more practical work, improve his skill and make technical renovations.

Weighing up these two kinds of work, I prefer working with people. For one thing, I like to cooperate with others and work in a team. For another, although there are competition and rivalry, we can learn something from other people. Considering these, I think, working with people is beneficial to our career development. 来

热点作文5

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Body-building. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 近年来越来越多的人开始参加各种健身俱乐部或健身中心

2) 人们健身的目的有哪些

3) 你对此的看法来源:考试大

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求说明人们热衷于该现象的目的,提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”对该现象的看法,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述近年来人们热衷于参加健身俱乐部或健身中心的现象; 说明人们健身的主要目的; 谈谈“我”对健身的看法。

【参考范文】

Body-building

In recent years, more and more people spare no pains to join in the body-building group. People begin to take part in various fitness clubs or fitness centers in their spare time. This shows body-building has become an indispensable part of many people’s life.

Why are so many people keen on body-building? Firstly, keeping health is one of their main purposes. In modern society, many people stay for most of the day before the desk without doing any exercises, which definitely harms their health. Body-building caters to the need of these people who come to realize the potential danger of their working pattern. Secondly, body-building is beneficial for people to keep their body shape. Many setting-up exercises like aerobics are very helpful in cutting up weight. Besides, body-building is a good way by which people can release pressure.

As far as I am concerned, the popularity of body-building will be a long-time trend. It shows people begin to pay more and more attention to life quality. As a fashionable, healthy lifestyle, body-building will attract more and more people.

热点作文6

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Parasites of Big Cities. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 现在大城市里有很多“城市寄生虫”,他们以乞讨为生

2) 这种现象带来的影响

3) 如何解决这一问题

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一种不良现象,提纲第2点要求分析该现象带来的影响,提纲第3点要求说明如何解决该问题,由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述大城市中的“城市寄生虫”现象; 分析“城市寄生虫”现象带来的影响; 说明应该如何才能有效地减少这种“城市寄生虫”。

【参考范文】

Parasites of Big Cities

Nowadays there are many beggars in big cities, who are called “parasites of big cities”. Some are begging something to eat for survival, while most of them are professional beggars according to the survey. In addition to plain beggars in rags, there are many disabled beggars and begging families with the children as the leading character. Besides, in recent years, student beggars have appeared.

No doubt, these “parasites of big cities” have brought great bad effects. On the one hand, their asking a reward without labor is a burden on the society and influences the city image. On the other hand, many pretended beggars cheat people’s sympathy by fake stories and experiences, which is very harmful to society.

Considering the bad effects of “parasites of big cities”, it is high time for us to take effective measures to solve the problem. Firstly, the government should pay more attention to these beggars and resettle them in a reasonable way. Secondly, education and training should be given to these beggars to help them learn how to support themselves. Besides, people should be more cautious in providing helps to the beggars and leave no chance to those cheaters.

热点作文7

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Security or Privacy? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 近些年来,许多公共场合都安装了摄像监控装置

2) 人们对此众说纷纭

3) 你的看法

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求阐述人们对该现象的不同看法,提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”的看法,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述近年来公共场合安装摄像监控装置的现象,引出人们对其的争议; 对比阐述争议双方各自的理由; 表明“我”的倾向并陈述理由。

【参考范文】

Security or Privacy?

In recent years, security cameras are installed in public places for the purpose of preventing and combating crimes. This phenomenon has sparked many debates. Most people welcome it and believe these cameras play a positive role in maintaining people’s security, while still some others think installing cameras infringe people’s privacy rights.

Those supporters maintain that installing cameras in public places, especially some key sites, can provide law enforcement agencies with criminal evidence. Moreover, they say that installation of cameras is a good deterrent to those with intentions of crimes. However, those protesting this practice claim that the government shouldn’t sacrifice millions of citizens’ privacy rights only for monitoring probably nonexistent crimes.

As to me, I prefer the former opinion. In my opinion, As far as public security situation is concerned, the installation of security cameras is quite necessary to

maintaining citizens’ security. On the other hand, people needn’t feel uncomfortable for being monitored by a camera in public places since everything we do outside can be seen by some other people. To conclude, the advantages of installing cameras in public places much outweigh its disadvantages.

热点作文8

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Campus Politics. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 很多大学生都热衷于参加“校园政治”活动,比如竞选学生会或社团干部

2) 这样做有哪些好处

3) 可能带来的问题

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求说明这种现象会带来的好处,提纲第3点要求分析该现象可能带来的问题,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述大学校园内的学生热衷参加“校园政治”的现象; 说明参加“校园政治”的好处; 分析过分热衷于“校园政治”可能带来的问题。

【参考范文】

Campus Politics

Nowadays, many college students show great enthusiasm in participating into campus political activities, such as running for heads of the Students Union or the associations. Campus politics is an important part of college life.

College students can benefit a lot from participation in campus politics. Above all, by attending campus political activities, students can develop their practical

capabilities, especially management and coordination capacity. Moreover, these activities provide students a stage to show themselves and bring their abilities into full play. Besides, campus political activities help strengthen students’ sense of responsibility.

However, campus politics might bring some problems. Too much participation in campus politics might influence study. Besides, some students’ being keen on campus politics is for fame and gain, which will influence their health of mentality. Therefore, schools and teachers should give necessary instruction to students on their participation into campus politics.

热点作文9

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Deal with Sub-health. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given below:

1) 现代社会很多人都处于“亚健康”状态

2) 造成“亚健康”的原因

3) 应该如何解决“亚健康”问题

【思路点拨】

本文属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求提出一个问题,提纲第2点要求分析导致该问题的原因,提纲第3点要求说明如何解决该问题,由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:指出亚健康问题的普遍性及其影响; 分析亚健康出现的原因; 说明应该如何解决亚健康问题。

【参考范文】

How to Deal with Sub-health

Nowadays, quite a few people are suffering from sub-health. Indeed, sub-health can result in both physical and mental diseases. Even worse, people who suffer from sub-health are more easily to die prematurely.

There are many factors resulting in sub-health. Among these, the pace of modern life plays a vital role. The fast pace of modern life exerts great pressure on people and pressure is the ultimate cause of sub-health. What’s more, modern people spend too much night time working or entertaining, which seriously affects their health.

Considering the great harm brought by sub-health, I think it is high time that we took effective measures to prevent sub-health. Firstly, people must have enough sleep to ensure that they can regain energy and physical strength. Secondly, people should have a rational diet under the instruction of doctor in order to avoid the diseases caused by malnutrition or super-nutrition. Thirdly, people should regularly do some exercise to keep healthy. To conclude, it is necessary for us to take flexible measures to avoid the threat of sub-health.

热点作文10

Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Customers Buy Cut-price Products? You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given below:

1) 现在许多人都喜欢买打折商品

2) 而另一些人认为越是打折的商品越不能买

3) “我”的看法

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点和提纲第2点要求提出两种相反的观点,提纲第3点要求表明“我”的看法,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。 根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:指出人们对待打折商品的两种不同态度:可以买打折商品, 不应该买打折商品; 对比阐述两种态度各自的理由; 表明“我”更倾向于哪种态度,并说明理由。

【参考范文】来源:www.examda.com

Should Customers Buy Cut-price Products?

When asked about whether customers should buy cut-price products, different people will offer different views. Some people like to buy cut-price products since a discount is a great appeal. However, others maintain that it’s not a wise and rational idea to buy discount products.

Those people who make the former choice believe they can save themselves a lot of money by buying cut-price products. In addition, they can use less money to buy more products. However, still others do not agree this. In their opinions, the discount is merely a business means of attracting customers and enhancing their desires for purchase. Besides, they argue that the discount always tempts customers to buy something unnecessary.

As to me, I tend to refuse to buy cut-price products. For one thing, complaints about cut-price products rank first in recent days according to the newspapers. For another, cut-price products are usually not provided with an after-sales service, such as three guarantees for products. Considering these, we may reasonably conclude that customers should think carefully when they buy cut-price products

热点作文1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Why Do People Like to Buy Lotteries? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 目前社会上有许多人喜欢购买彩票

2) 分析产生这种现象的原因

3) 提出你的建议

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一种现象,提纲第2点要求分析产生这种现象的原因,提纲第3点要求“我”针对该现象给出建议,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

With the popularization of Internet, cyber crimes have become a serious problem facing us. Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on the Internet. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property, others snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce, and still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses.

However, we shouldn’t tolerate these cyber criminals any more. It’s high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes. First, we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly. Moreover, we should develop high techniques as soon as possible to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes. Besides, more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the net immune to all kinds of viruses.

As college students, we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes. For one thing, we should not use others’ computers unless we get permission. For another, we should be honest to others on the Internet and not release or spread unreal information. In a word, it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes. 热点作文4

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Test for National Civil Servants. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1) 近几年兴起了一股报考国家公务员的热潮

2) 分析产生这一现象的原因

3) 你对此的看法是„„

【思路点拨】

本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出近几年社会上出现的一种现象,提纲第2点要求分析产生这种现象的原因,提纲第3点要求谈谈“我”对该现象的看法,由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。

根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:描述近几年来报考国家公务员的热潮; 分析产生这一热潮的主要原因; 谈谈“我”对报考公务员的看法。

【参考范文】

Test for National Civil Servants

In recent years, there are more and more people who have participated in the test for national civil servants. Millions of students choose civil servant as their most ideal occupation after graduation. And among them, the high-educated, like masters and doctors, take quite a large percentage. The craze in civil servant test has attracted widespread attention.

The following reasons can account for this kind of craze. Above all, nowadays college students face great employment pressure. Civil servant, as one of the most stable professions in today’s China, becomes their preferable choice. Moreover, in recent years, the welfare and salary of civil servants have been improved greatly, which undoubtedly attracts many people. Besides, the high social position of civil servants is an important factor drawing many people to take part in the civil servant test.

In my opinion, this craze in civil servant test will continue in the following years. However, from the long run, it doesn’t do good to the development of the nation. If most high quality talents gather in the government departments, it might lead to a waste of resources. Therefore, both the individuals and the government should have a more objective recognition of the civil servant test craze.

手机密令作文17200字

五年级作文

标题:手机秘密指令

2010-05-20 21:03:13

解话机锁:*2767*2878#/*2767*7377#

三星码片复位:*2767*3855# 也可用于解机锁或卡锁 三星显温度、电池容量:*#0228#

三星调显示屏对比度:*#0523#

三星软件版本:*#9999#

三星A100-A188看版本:*#0837#

摩托罗拉T2688解所有锁:19980722

T2688/2988/988d没有中文:*#0000# OK(插卡) 摩托罗拉所有机锁:按MENU+5+1/2

西门子恢复出厂设置:*#9999#

西门子乱文回中文:*#0000#/*#0086#

西门子软件版本:*#06# 左键

爱立信老机回英语:*#0000#

爱立信新机回英语:按CLR-左键-0000-右键

爱立信显出厂日期:右、*、左、左、*、左、*键

诺基亚显出厂日期:*#0000#(插卡)

诺基亚省30%电:*#746025625#

飞利浦强迫重连网:*#2562*#

飞利浦显示和更改手机密码:*#7489*#

博世(BOSCH)909S回中文:*#0852#

博世(BOSCH)909s回英文:*#0851#

NEC 显软件版本:*#2820#

NEC 恢复原厂设置:*#73738#

波导s1000隐藏功能:*#*#1705#

波导s1000解锁:*#*#1705#46(也用于999D,720) 如死机再用---24681357(或直接就用它解)

波导8xx/9xx系列:*#+串号7-14位#

SIM 卡 波导串号最后9位去掉最后一位

阿尔卡特OT221/220解锁:25228352/ALCATEL+D 阿尔卡特OT301/302解锁:83227423

阿尔卡特OT500/700解锁:25228352

康佳:*#0001# *#1001# ##1001#

康佳小雪5219:#8879576# 原始:1234

GVC :*#1001* (海尔)

南方高科320开机键入##1001#,然后装上卡输入0000 OK 三菱NET LOCK:*787090或*787292

三菱IMSI LOCK:*362628或*360608

三菱NETSUB LOCK:*476989

三菱CP LOCK:*482896或*480896

三菱SP LOCK:*967678

三菱EXT LOCK:*574243

飞利浦手机通用秘技

手机在待机状态下时,请输入以下按键组合:

*#06# 查看IME 串码

*#2254*#显示状况行

*#2255*#开启或关闭(DEBUG CALL)模式

*#2558*#显示通话时间

*#2562*#强迫重新连接网络系统

*#7489*#显示和更改手机密码

*#7378*#显示一些SIM 卡信息,例如相位(phaselevel)

*#3377*#读取SIM 卡信息,初始化和标示

*#7693*#开启或关闭睡眠模式

*#8463*#读取睡眠模式信息

*#337*# EFR模式开/关

*#4764*#单频/双频设置(切换单频GSM900)

*#4765*#单频/双频设置(切换单频GSM1800)

*#4762*#单频/双频设置(切换成双频模式)

阿尔卡特(ALCATEL)测试键

在待机状态下,输入“000000*”可监测网络状况,包括信号强度和使用中的频道等。

NEC DB2000手机秘技 在待机时输入以下按键:

“*#2820#”,再按通话键,可显示手机的软件版本。

“*73738#”,再按通话键,可将回到手机出厂状态。

三星早期版本的手机,可以输入以下的指令各种进入测试状态:

按键代码 测试功能/名称

*#9999# 显示手机软件版本号

*2767*2878# 话机当前设定复位(手机解锁)

*2767*3855# 话机EEPROM 总复位(修复软件故障)

*#9998*228# 电池参数读取

*#9998*289# 振铃信号频率测试

*#9998*246# 程序参数显示

*#9998*364# WATCHDOG信号测试

*#9998*377# EEPROM错误显示

*#9998*427# WATCHDOG信号路径设置

*9998*523# 液晶显示对比度调整

*9998*636# 存贮状态显示

*9998*786# 当前日期、时间读取

*9998*842# 振子振动测试

*9998*947# 在重大错误下复位设置

*9998*9266# 显示收信通道号及收信强度

三星新版手机(从三星600新版开始)所支持的测试指令减少了很多,基本上就只余下以下几个可以成功的:

*2767*2878#(EEPROM 复位)

*2767*3855#(EEPROM 总复位,IMEI 有可能会变成初始码)

*#9999#(查版本)

*#0523#(调LCD 对比度)

*2767*7377# (解手机密码的复位指令)

尤其是*#0523#的输入,有些型号的手机要插卡,有些不用。另外,如出现一次输入成功,而再输入失败的情况,是由于手机软件上的记忆效应,你可以将手机的电池卸下重装上再试输入(例如:*2767*3855# 指令输入后,有时不重装电池,手机是不能开机的)。 三星SGH-N288手机测试指令

*#0001# 显示RS232串行通信参数

*#0228# 显示电池容量、电压和温度

*#0246# 程序参数显示

*#0324# 网络检测(工程模式)

*#0364# 显示Watchdog 状态, 可以修改

*#0377# EEPROM错误显示

*#0427# WATCHDOG信号路径设置

*#0523# 调节对比度,谨慎修改;

*#0636# 存储器容量显示

*#0746# SIM卡文件规格测试

*#0778# SIM卡信息

*#0786# 显示内容为本次开机的时间及本次开机后到当前的时间长。按->后显示最新的本次开机后到当前的时间长;再按->后显示上一次的开机时间;再按->后显示上一次的关机时间以及上次开关机的时长。

*#0837# 显示详细的软件版本

*#0842# 振动测试

*#0947# 在重大错误情况下复位设置指令

*#9999# 显示软件版本

*2767*2878# EEPROM复位,手机设定总清除,可用于解锁

*2767*3855# 从字库中取出程序重置EEPROM 为出厂值。对修改过IMEI 码的手机,用此指令可恢复原出厂机身号码。此指令还用于因EEPROM (码片)内程序紊乱造成的各种故障。

西门子中文机秘籍大公开

输入[*#06#],可看IMEI(International Mobile Equipment Identity)码。

输入[*#06#]+[左软键],可看软件版本号。 以上不需插入SIM 卡也可操作。 输入[*#0000#]+[发射键],改成预设语言显示(英语?) 。

输入[*#0001#]+[发射键],改成英文显示。

输入[*#0086#]+[发射键],改成简体中文显示。

输入[*#0886#]+[发射键],改成繁体中文显示。

快速键

长按[*],开启或关闭铃声。

长按[#],开启或关闭键盘锁。

长按[左侧上键],开启情景模式设置。

长按[左侧下键],开启语拨号。

短按[右侧录音键],播放已录下的音,可在任何时候播放,包括通话期间,通话双方都听到。

长按[右侧录音键],开始录音,直到放开,或20秒已到。

当使用键盘锁时,可长按[挂断键]来暂时开启夜光照明。

连按两下[电话簿]可进入VIP 电话簿。

[1]+[发射键]可进入语音信箱(需在[菜单→短消息→语音信箱]设置语音信箱服务号码)。

[0]+[左软键]可切换1号2号线路(好象大部分地区不支持,包括珠海)。

[数字键]+[#]可显示出储存在SIM 卡该位置的电话簿名称(前提是至少在SIM 卡储存一个电话) 。

长按[0]会出现+字,并可用左软键来选择国家长话代码(位置依英文名称排列)。 快捷键设定 :[数字键]→[左软键]→[右软键](变更)此时会出现选项,选择即可(若是选择电话号码,则进入电话簿可选择要快速发射的电话名称)

使用 [数字键]→[发射键]即可。

西门子手机锁机解锁方法

请需要解锁的网友,将解锁码在开机状态下<插不插SIM 卡无所谓>直接输入手机,然后等候自动解锁,时间约1秒至60分钟不等

★ 如何解除摩托罗拉手机的PIN 密码

当你的设置的PIN 不小心遗忘了,或别人在你的手机上设置了PIN 等,这时PUK 就帮了大忙了。在输错三次的PIN 后则手机上会显示SIM 卡已锁,这时你必须要通过PUK 来解锁了。PUK 为8位数字的码一般在大卡的背面,如果找不到的话要尽快到当地的客服中心查询,切不可乱输,因为PUK 只有10次输错的机会,输错10次则SIM 卡报销。摩托罗拉手机一般在输入PUK 之前都必须先输入**05*再输PUK ,格式如下:**05*PUK即可。 ★ 摩托罗拉手机的主清除与主复位

无论你的摩托罗拉手机上做了任何的设置,造成了如:不能正常拔入拔出,来电显示乱码,或无法删除电话本,等等,您都可以用以下方法复原。

MENU 键+5+1(2)屏幕则会显示“主清除或主复位”如选择主清除将会执行以下操作:

1、从话机记忆中清除电话本项目。

2、清除最后呼出号码及最后呼入号码。

3、可清零计时表。

但不能清除的功能有:固定号码表、本机号码表、计费表、收到和传出的短消息。 选择主复位,将执行以下:

1、返回最初的语言选择。

2、铃音恢复标准音量复为中,网络查找频度恢复为中,取消自动应答,声音提示计,时通话中显示计费,节电,自动免提,自动加锁,小区广播及通话传真方式。 ★ 摩托罗拉 T2688 键盘解锁

T2688有通过键盘解锁的功能,只要输入:19980722 即可,不过它只支持当前的卡解琐,无法实现手机的全复位。

★ MOTOROLA GSM手机的测试指令

测试状态的进入:

插入测试SIM 卡后打开手机电源,当内部自动“叫醒”功能顺利完成后,按“#”键三

秒钟。

三秒钟后手机显示“TEST”,表明手机已进入测试状态,

测试指令如下:

01#:退出测试状态

02xxyy :显示/改变Tx 功率电平DAC 与装入PA 校准表,类似于ETACS 72#指令 07#:关闭Rx Audio通道

08#:打开Rx Audio通道

09#:关闭Tx Audio通道

10#:打开Tx Audio通道

11ABC #:设置信道 ABC =000~124

12AB #:设置功率级电平 AB =00~15

19#:显示呼叫处理器软件版本

20#:显示调制解调器软件版本

22#:显示语音编解码器软件版本

82#:看U801的版本号

24A #:设置AGC 步进 A =0 or 1

25ABC #:将连续的AGC 置为ABC ,ABC =0~255

26ABCD #:将连续的AFC 置为ABCD ,ABCD =0~4095

31A #:设定时隙为A ,A =0~7

33ABC #:单步捕捉ABC 信道

36#:打开音频环路

37#:中止测试

38#:激活SIM 卡

39#:使SIM 卡失效

40#:发射全“1”信息

41#:发射全“0”信息

43A #:改变Audio 通道至A

45ABC #:读取信道ABC 上的信号强度,ABC =0~124

46#:显示当前AFC DAC的值

47A #:设置音量A =0~7

490#:读锂电池信息

57#:清除保留内存,相当于ETACS 的32#指令

58ABCDEF #:设置保密码为ABCDEF

59ABCD #:显示/改变解锁码

60#:显示IMEI (国际移动设备识别码)

65#:显示IMSI

7100#:手机自检,03、04为Modem IC错误,05、06为SpeechCode IC错误,07为软件错误必需转移卡,08为手机正常,00、01为CPU 错误。

飞利浦手机秘籍

◆显示IMEI 号:*#06#

◆显示状态行 *#2254*#: C, BS, RR, MMI, CREAT.

◆激活或关闭调试呼叫(DEBUG CALL)模式 *#2255*#

◆显示总通话时间 *#2558*#

◆强迫重新接入网络 *#2562*#

◆显示和更改手机的保密码 *#7489*#

◆显示一些SIM 卡信息,例如相位等级(phase level)*#7378*#

◆获取SIM 卡锁信息,初始化和标志 *#3377*#

◆激活和关闭睡眠模式 *#7693*#

◆获取睡眠模式信息 *#8463*#

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手机解锁指令大全二2009-02-04 15:22六、附注

(一)各种锁中英文对照

SP 锁:英文名Service Prorider的简写,指运营商锁机码

ENT 锁:网络锁

IMSI 锁:用户识别码锁

KEY 锁:键盘锁

CP 锁:国家锁

PIN 锁:个人识别码锁

PUK 锁:个人解锁码锁

SIM 卡锁:用户识别卡锁

(二)部分手机键盘锁开关方法:

摩托罗拉手机:同时按住*#键

诺基亚手机:按功能键然后按*键

爱立信手机:按左键YES 键

西门子手机:长按#键

宏基手机:按通话键再按*键

松下手机:按菜单键两次

三星手机:按*键然后按OK 键

阿尔卡特手机:依次按159键解锁

飞利浦手机:一部分按"C" 键即可;9X9等有侧键的手机将侧键先上转再下转即可。

(三)外文改中文的次序一般为:Menu (菜单)—Settings (设置)—Language (语言)—Chinese(中文)

(四)手机代码

以下代码在所有的手机中适用

查看手机串号(IMEI ):*#06#。

转移呼叫:启动**21*加电话号#按发射键。关闭:##21#按发射键。

取消无应答转移##61#按发射键。

取消遇忙转移##61#*13#。

取消呼叫等待:#43#按发射键。

呼叫限制:设置*33*0000# 取消#33*0000#

遇忙,占线转移:设置*67*电话号码(加区号)# 取消#67#

(五)IMEI 码基本知识

IMEI 即International Mobile Equipment Identity(国际移动设备身份) 的简称,也被称为串号,它的最大功能是用来协助辨别手机身份真伪。IMEI 码一般由15位数字组成,绝大多数的GSM 手机只要按下“*#06#”,IMEI 码就会显示出来。其格式是如下:TAC 即Type Approval Code,为设备型号核准号码。

FAC 即Final Assembly Code,为最后装配号码。

SNR 即Serial Number,为出厂序号。

SP 即Spare Number,为备用号码。

不过,爱立信部分产品中都采用了17位的IMEI 码,如T18sc 和T28sc 。它前15位的含义和一般的IMEI 码含义相同,后两位是版本代码,对使用者并不重要。

1.TAC 码(设备型号核准号码)

IMEI 码的前六位数字即TAC 码。TAC 码代表了手机的型号。无论诺基亚、爱立信还是摩托罗拉的产品,只要是同一型号的手机,TAC 码一定是一样的。如诺基亚6150的IMEI 码前六位肯定是“493002”。

2.FAC 码(最后装配号码)

IMEI 码的7、8位即FAC 码,其含义是指手机最后完成装配时是在哪一家工厂。每一家工厂都有它特别的代号,所以这并不是哪个国家制造的代号。不过,用户心目中都将最后装配工序完成的工厂所在地当作手机产地。因此,FAC 码也就可以认为是手机产地的代号。

3.SNR 码(出厂序号)

IMEI 码的9~14位即为SNR 码,是手机的出厂序号。手机的出厂序号和其它产品的出厂序号一样,是为厂家的内部管理服务的,对用户并无多大意义。

4.SP(备用号码)

IMEI 码的最后一位即SP 码,是手机的备用号码,一般为零。不过,也有一些手机的SP 码不为零,这是正常的。下面就以诺基亚6150、摩托罗拉cd938、爱立信T18sc 做示范,以帮助理解。一部诺基亚6150,按下“*#06#”后,屏幕出现“手机串号493002407599521”字样。“493002”代表该手机核准型号是6150;“40”代表最后装配地为北京;“759952”是该手机的出厂序号;1则是备用号码。

一部摩托罗拉cd938按下“*#06#”后,屏幕上出现“447769804451095”字样。“447769”代表该手机核准型号是cd938;“80”代表最后装配地是中国;“445109”为该手机的出厂序号;“5”则是备用号码。

一部爱立信T18sc 按下“*#06#”后,屏幕上出现“520027-19-012435-8-05”字样。

“520027”代表该手机核准型号是T18sc;“19”代表最后装配地是英国;“012435”是该手机的出厂序号;“8”代表备用号码;“05”为版本代码。

手机FAC 码知识很多用户都不知道各种FAC 码所代表的手机产地,以下列出各大手机厂商的产地及其对应的FAC 码。

(1) 诺基亚

10:芬兰

20:德国

30:韩国

40:北京

60:东莞

(2)摩托罗拉

06、07、08:德国

18:新加坡

40、41:苏格兰

44,英国

47: 伪造的产地,有些是香港、东南亚改装机

48:香港,东南亚改装机, 或大陆改装机

49: 伪造的产地

67: 美国

68: 表示1998年增加的美洲生产线

80、81、82、83、84、85、86:中国天津制造

17、27、30、92、93:杭州东信制造

(3)爱立信

19:英国

51:瑞典

62:北京

61:香港

(4)西门子:

37:上海制

51:德国制

(5)松下:

62: 北京制

98: 菲律宾制

(6)三星:

89、90、92: 韩国制

(7)飞利浦:

69: 深圳制

50: 法国制

(8)索尼:

04: 中国制

06: 德国制

08: 日本制

(9)阿尔卡特

70: 苏州制

用户将IMEI 码调出后,除了看产地外,应注意该码是否与手机背面的IMEI 码(取下电池即可看到) 、包装盒上的IMEI 码及保修卡上的IMEI 码一致。如果不一致,那么手机一般不是假货就是旧机换新壳的伪劣产品。要是一致的话,你的手机一般就是正品了。不过,仍有极小的可能是水货,这时候,你只有再查查入网证是否作过假。具体方法是:将入网证放在验钞机下,若发现入网证上呈显出红色的“CMII”的图案和一个不是很清晰的数字,则为正规入网证,否则是水货的。

(六)部分国产贴牌手机与OEM 原型手机对照表

首信C6568(美晨MX7940) 首信C6268(美晨MX7930)

首信T600(美晨MX7931) 首信C5288(美晨MX7920)

首信C6588(美晨MX7941) 首信Q80( 潘泰Q80 )

联想G630(LG 5220) 联想007(美洲豹 A998)

联想818(LG 818) 联想I188(现代I188)

熊猫GM800(Eliya pd30) 熊猫880(BenQ S660)

熊猫EMOL99(星王SG-2600) 熊猫GM100(Bellwave BD10) 熊猫GM718(爱立信T28) 熊猫GM818(爱立信T66)

南方高科 S6991(KPT S310) 南方高科 S699(KPT S320) 南方高科 S6990(KPT S330) 中桥D1(天诺思D1)

南方高科Hi70(Toplux VG100)南方高科S6992(扬迪 A7) 南方高科T600(MAXON MX7931)

科健6300(三星600) 科健K6600(三星SGH-2488)

科健K98(三星N288) 科健YM3800(美晨MX6869)

科健K90(三星N628) 科健K60(三星R208)

科健 K358 (三星 SGH-C100) 科健K200(三星A388)

科健 K7100(NIXXO NXG-8000)

波导L968(萨基姆MC958) 波导MC936(萨基姆MC929) 波导S1000 (星王SG1000) 波导S1500(明基 S620i )

波导S2000 (星王SG2200) 波导8180 (Giya Q1688)

波导V08 (Bellwave 熊猫11) 波导GC600 (LG G7000A) 波导Q1600(Giya E320) 波导V08(扬迪 V11)

波导8280(萨基姆 MW3026)

海尔H8018 (GVC 268E) 海尔H7920(GVC 168F)

海尔雅典娜1000 (OKWAP i3698) 海尔雅典娜2000(OKWAP i66) 海尔开运星1000 (SENDO D800) 海尔天刚星H9118(飞利浦9@9) 海尔喜多星1000 (SENDO P200) 海尔喜多星2000(SENDO S200) 海尔彩智星1000M (飞利浦630) 海尔彩智星2000(美晨MX7951) 海尔运天星 2000(NIXXO NXG-8200)

东信EL720 (SEWON SG1100) 东信EL788 (美晨MX6890) 东信EG890B (LG G7020) 东信EG860 (Palmax XG5D)

东信EG760C (Palmax XG3C) 东信 Q28(NIXXO NXG-8210) 东信 EG760(Palmax XG3) 东信 EG818(Palmax XG5E) TCL9980(萨基姆MC920) TCL 商机3000(OKWAP ip88) TCL6898(美晨MX6980) TCL 光芒668(DX 66)

TOP 111 (美晨 MX6860) TOP 128P (OKWAP i108)

TOP 908(OKWAP i3698) TOP 611 (TCC Q285)

首信 D8000(建伍 EC568) 首信5500(诺基亚5110)

首信6268 (美晨MX7930) 首信6298(TCC Q285)

联想808(LG W5200) 联想i188(Innostream i188)

联想300(LG W3000) 联想G601 (LG 600)

联想G880 (西门子CL55)

中桥C188(Toplux CG100) 中桥 D1(天诺思 VG200C )

中桥OSSA88(G-PULS 887)

CECT Q86(明基M830C ) CECT DW3288(DAEWOO DW3288) CECT898(美晨MX7932) CECT Q88(萨基姆 MY-X5D )

首信C6298(TCC Q285又名雷特611) 首信 C5068(MAXON MX6880) 首信C6088A (EPRIES E100)

厦华XG-2168(Dnet 688) 厦华XG-6688(OKWAP i3698)

厦华 i900(G.PLUS i800)

康佳5218(富丽 66) 康佳7388(明基 S630i )

搜豹K881( G-Plus K881) 搜豹K880(G-Plus K880)

大显D2100 (Pantech Twinky) 大显C618(Apbw-1000)

万利达S777+(美晨MX6890) 万利达 S778(MAXON MX6870)

夏新A8(Bellwave Panda3) 桑达 彩蝶860(OKWAP i166)

中邮盟拓600(LG 600) 夏普GX10N (摩托罗拉V750)

中兴G218(SKY IM-5000)

1. 千里马339的SIM 卡锁解锁方法

拆下sim 卡,同时按住*和#键再按开机键。开机后做一下恢复出厂就ok 了

2. 联想i660解锁指令!

用###3676#指令输入,格式闪存。稍等即可。

3. 联想V858解锁指令,已测试过,OK 。

用###3676#指令输入,格式闪存。稍等即可。

4. 康佳C858手动解锁

*6288*#2002#

熊猫M700 指令解话机锁!

开机情况下输 *01763*737381# 关机再开 OK 没有密码了 恢复成出厂密码1234 波导V99软件修复成功 操作实例

一部波导V99故障现象是, 打电话自动重新开机, 发射电流正常, 开机输入#*8000#, #*3676#后修复完毕手机恢复正常!

\中兴系列手机:*983*737381#

中兴C 网机:##0305#或##0205#

天时达T31i:#8879510#

T303:#8879576#

吉事达888:*5839888*#

KD886:*2580#

奥盛830系列:*746*737381#

桑达618系列:*#2002*#2002#(天时达T368,T18,) 大显6600,熊猫700:*07163*737381#

VK系列:*#85*364#(长按)

MT 系列解锁指令可解决一半以上机锁

MT 初始密码为 1122

解锁输入 *#3646633# 速度要快, 慢了就不行了.

TCLMT 解锁 199903282005 再加串号奇数位前7位OK

MTK 万能密码 *#3698741# 选出厂设置,OK

*#66*#MTK工程模式

X495手动解网锁-不用仪器 不用线 轻松解决

1. 码片复位 *2767*3855# 重新启动

2. 改SP LOCK *7465625*638*00000000*00000000# 为8个零

3. 接下来就是解锁了,输入解锁指令 #7465625*638*00000000#

现在在来查查手机还有锁吗?

*#7465625# 检查指令 all locks

network lock 无效

subset lock - 无效

sp lock - 无效

cp lock - 无效

sim lock - 无效

activa lock - 无效

phone lock - 无效

auto network - 无效

auto subset lock - 无效

auto sp lock - 无效

auto cp lock - 无效

auto sim lock - 无效

其它机型好多都可以用此指令,不信可以试试。

亿通用7850CPU,AD,sky ,MTK

摩托罗拉E680/E680I VK 全系列, 夏新, 联想, 波导, 金立等.

ad 芯片万用*746*737381# *01763*737381# *983*737381#

MTK 的指令:#66#

天宇B806 AD6720CPU的解锁通用密码78737793 98777789

TY758恢复出厂设置\清除用户数据:*#951#(记住,里面所有资料都会清除,要说明)

CECT C600 6850CPU解锁指令*2005*#2005#

7850 CPU CECT系列的通用密码装卡输入*#2005#*

即可亿通用7850CPU 的指令,. 解所有锁48774226

联想V858指令####3676#格式化就可以了有的是4个#,

有的是3个#,摩托指令不插卡 **0107# 复位

摩托罗拉E680/E680I硬启动用于主清除关机后同时按下

音量键+相机快捷键+开/关机键

vk 解锁VK330~~~~520解锁密集4268#*

VK 全系列 *#27# 注意#要长按(全系列解锁

VK520解锁通用密码# 2587 #

夏新彩屏手机解锁指令自己新发现:<1>*#1001# <2>##1001#<3>#*1001#

联想G630 手解所指令.. 快来看.2945#*# i360指令解话机按####7777#会显示, 是否清除用户数据,按确定OK

大显D2600 解锁指令 *01763*737381#

波导 M02 测试OK 解锁指令*#9999#

金立618.528. 等 手机解所指令 *39*737381#

名佳919 929 939 939+ 728 738 750 758 650 Q510 719等等

串号前8位加*#*#5625#可解开或*83786633#

联想E700解锁方法####3676#格式化就OK

SKY解锁指令装卡 *#19740829#

sky 芯片解锁指令*#987*99#用48把资料读出,

然后用WINHEX 搜索137。138等号码,再向上翻两叶就可以看到密码!!

SKY 科胜讯芯片组解话机锁, 免拆只读出码片资料,

然后保存用48平台输字库型号后打开编辑. 然后点搜索在栏中输0000. 点下一个. 直到出密码是正确的. 一般点几次" 下一个" 就可以知道密码了MTK 的指令:#66# AD 芯片组的解锁指令

可以尝试以下的解锁指令

*746*737381#

*01763*737381#

*983*737381#

三星高档机解锁

先吧手机关机插上一张失效的sim 卡

开机输入*#9998*3323#然后退出选择第7项后从启

再开机按*0141#按发射键, 关机再开机密码为00000000

W109指令

软件版本 *759#813580 导航键“UP” 99

串号 *759#813580 导航键“DOWN” 31

“IMEI”号 *759#813580 导航键“DOWN” 34

调节送话器声音大小 *759#813580 98 200 * #02退出

杂牌机解锁万能码!

*746*737381#

[分享]CECTC600直板解锁指令!

话机锁*2002*#2002#

信息锁*2005*#2005#,*2002*00#

CECT 手机最新接锁指令

CECTS560推拉盖解锁指令:*#*#1705#好用的很!CECTS680C 解锁指令:

72779673 CECTT689解锁指令:*#7489# CECT668解锁指令:不插卡电源夹开机拨112接通后插卡 手机自动开机关闭话机锁OK !CECTC600滑盖解锁指令:*#2005#* CECT灵宇系列手机解锁指令:*528*737381# CECT 直板M100解锁指令:*#3583578844#35 这些解锁指令我都亲自实验过

CECTc1000待机王手机解锁指令!绝对原创!!!

#*8000# #*3676#

小灵通手动清机(解锁)

手清方法:同时按住手机上开机+菜单+(米/0/#)或开机+发射+# 三个键. 出现英文界面后, 按左右键选择17项, 在按上键出现提示界面, 输入相应的万用密码后, 在按OK 键(发射键) 清除完毕. 按删除键(关机上面那个键) 退出. 至此清机过程全部完成!

(1)英华OK 清机密码: 开机+发射+#

OK518清机万用密码:520733

OK517清机万用密码:792495

OK618清机万用密码:730231

OK618B 清机万用密码:970928

OK800清机万用密码:372051

OK728清机万用密码:264852

OK728B 清机万用密码:792495

OK315清机万用密码:270473

(2)华为清机密码: 开机+菜单+(米/0/#) 318清机万用密码:839148525

516清机万用密码:839268972

518清机万用密码:780917

528清机万用密码:106245/490219342 华为526清机万用密码:490006964 华为316清机万用密码:528106245 华为万能密码:

839268972 528106245 839148525 清除机号,机器为厂机。

(3)普天清机密码: 开机+菜单+(米/0/#) 612清机万用密码:782940

918清机万用密码:782503

788清机万用密码:780917

612清机万用密码:782940

618清机万用密码:7822

602清机万用密码:492157480

508清机万用密码:780917

3680 8+6+开机 43+OK

(4)宏康清机密码 开机+菜单+(米/0/#) 26a 清机万用密码:450658

26a+清机万用密码:8395

758A 清机万用密码:402021528

668清机万用密码:5318

688清机万用密码:458475

668B 清空:*+菜单+开机 再按OK ,再按2。

(5)其他机型 开机+菜单+(米/0/#)

cs66清机万用密码:7796

高科738 清机万用密码:457218 高科738C 清机万用密码: 459031 金鹏728清机万用密码: 8395 朗讯717 无 功能+#+开机

朗讯737 无 功能+#+开机

朗讯500 无 功能+#+开机

T10 ,T12解除防止二次写码的方法

步驟如下:

1. 在关机的状态下,同時按 “*””5””开机键”三個鍵進入(Driver Test Mode).

2. 按向上键3下 到SO Data 選項 再按拨号键进入

3. 按向上键1下 到SOw On選項 再按拨号键进入

4. 進Enter Password 選項。輸入717152471 再按拨号键进入

5. 轻按开机键一下 到SO Data 選項 向上两下到Recovery 再按拨号键进入 6 按拨号键进入--向下---按拨号键进入 连续3次 长按开机键 自动关

机即可

天创 T33/ T20 手清开机锁软件

同时按住拨号键和关机键 手机屏幕显示登陆模式

按下键 再按下键 输入#999 再按拨号键

亿通L378解锁指令

*48774226#就可以了, 不装卡,

我的e 家英华ok211手动清话机锁(新款}

发射+开机+井, 进入测试后在按6在按OK 最后按清除键退出即可

华为小灵通解锁指令

华为A318 华为A319

先按住菜单键和0字键,开机键

3个键一起按就会出现模式

进入模式后按6字键在按OK

就可以了

这时退出模式只需要按到退出键不放就可以了

我的e 家英华ok211手动清话机锁(新款}

发射+开机+井, 进入测试后在按6在按OK 最后按清除键退出即可

普天1689 1688 解 开机秘密

同时按6+8+开机---进入测试---按43按OK

英华OK 橙色屏的代用和手动调LCD 方法

英华大部分橙色屏都和斯达康318,220的屏通用(如315,107. 等) 但换上后要么不显示, 要么

花屏. 调LCD 方法如下:

先按OK+开机+#进入测试后, 长按左上软键(也就是功能键) 进入LCD 调整模式, 有0.1.2. 三种模式, 按

0或1.2直到LCD 显示正常后, 按9在按OK 键等几秒自动恢复到测试状态, 长按C 键(清除键) 退出即可!

小灵通 华为A318的手动解锁方法(卡机的也一样)

按住“功能键”和“0”不放开机,

等出现“1.LCD USERX.XX

2.RFRX”

按右方向键两次,出现“5.CHKSUM

6.FLASH ”

这时候按 “6”,

出现“CLEAR USER DATA

.........

ID :ECXX CLEAR

PRESS OK TO TEST ”

等自动恢复到主菜单,长按 “C” 键退出,自动关机。

再开机,没有密码了。

小灵通解密

宏康26A 万能密码

宏康26A 450658 功能+*+开机

金鹏728 万能密码

8395 功能+*+开机

推荐]各种小灵通密码解除(欢迎继续补充):

1)700UC 700UT 318 618 718 读PIN OK !!!

2)717 关机后按电话本键+#+开机键, 同时按. 选06按OK !!!!

3)PS12 按2+4+开机 同时按 , 再按5+6+OK!!!!重开机!!!输0000变OK !!!!

4) 中兴v777套机读码,写码后不要开机,直接用软件读码,这是可以读出正确检权码。如开机暂时没有办法,不过应该可以算出来。

5)ut-A66;pt-212;ps-618;ps-608等同时按2+4+开机, 再按5+静音键, 在按F+6,复位后按8+发送键; 按退出!**!

6)PS10同时按住1570加开机键,进入测试状态。

7) 金鹏818,中兴a268等和 a268线通用的机器的读4位密码方法:用030或者020或者702f 的读密码资料,地址输入: 460,与030解码方法相同 。但767 777 787 地址吗不是460是读dc0 : 1*1*1*1*____四个*就是密码。

8) 根据大家的经验,再补充一点:

用48解小灵通702U ,218,318,108的6位开机密码:

用48将资料读出,在地址定位处输入c110就可以看到锁机的密码,可以在此处更改它,此方法还可用于司达康的ut218,ut318,ut108等机型,密吗的地址在000c110里的09---0e 之间,在ascll 里也可直接看到。另外,健全吗和本机号在E350和E340地址行里,其中地址行里32到34之间是健全吗。

9) 宏康26A+解开机密码的办法:关机后按电话本键+0+开机键 同时按 选06 按OK 互通 解锁

互通 解锁 开机 长按# 出现超级密码 输入1234 4321 按确定就OK

motorola

1:能直接用于328,928,l2000,998系列

当手机出现;“enter phone unlock code

(输入话机密码)按一下“menu”键再按ok ,

会出现“修改密码”然后输入“000000”会出现

开锁的4位密码,按“c”后输入4位密码,即可

解除。

2:t2688指令

*#300#显示生产日期,软件版本

*#301#进入测试状态

*#0086#英文改中文

解锁19980722

t190t191 20010903

3:moto c300解锁万用码20020801 20030801

4. 摩托罗拉t2688,t2988,v750 解话机锁 :19980722

5. 当moto c330 350手机锁住话机锁后便无法连接计算机, 不能使用软件解锁, 现在将解锁方法告诉大家, 希望能帮到大家. 手机不装卡开机,按*#06# 后按菜单键二下输入048263*出现测试栏输入18*0 ok 18*1 .ok 手机锁解开, 再使用pst 工具改密码到初始密码.

6. motorola v66,v60指令

上卡,快速按menu+048263*,进入测试模式:(显示opcode )

18*1 ok 主清除;18*0 ok 主复位。

7.

v680解锁 待机时输入25*#录音键两次

输入071082进入测试模式

进入第二项common

向下选择到initialize carrier

按编辑

提示复位是-否 重开机ok !!

8. 摩托罗拉cdma-v730最新解锁方法:开机后输入25*#rrr(r 为录音键)然后再输 入密码071082后出现一个菜单选第三个data port然后又出现一个菜单选第二项 uidiagusbds 后会自动复位的,然后你的密码就被改为原始密码了。

9. 测试卡菜单

测试命令 测试功能/名称

# 进入手工测试模式

01# 退出手工测试模式

02xx# 显示发射功率级的dac 值

02xxyy# 修改发射功率电平dac 及装载dac 标准表

05x# 启动实行的错误处理程序测试 07# 关闭rx 音频路径

08# 开启rx 音频路径

09# 关闭tx 音频路径

10# 开启tx 音频路径

11xxx# 设置信道号

12xx# 设置发射功率级

13x# 显示存储块用法

14x# 启动内存不足条件

15x1x2 产生音调

156x# 振动测试

16# 关闭音调产生器

19# 显示呼叫处理器软件版本

20# 显示调制解调器软件版本

22# 显示语音编码器软件版本

24x# 设置25dbm 步进自动增益控制衰减器 25xxx# 设置连续自动增益控制器值 26xxxx# 设置连续自动频率控制器值 31x# 启动为随机序列(设定发射时隙) 32# 启动随意接续信道突发序列

33xxx# 与广播信道的载波同步

36# 启动音频回路

37# 停止之前的测试

38# 激活sim

39# 去活sim

40# 开始发送所有1

41# 开始发送所有0

42# 停止回声处理

43x# 变化音频路径

45xxx# 读取信道信号强度

46# 显示自动频率控制器当前的dac 值 47x# 设置音量

49x# 读取锂电池资料

51# 启动侧音

52# 关闭侧音

57# 主清除

58# 显示保密码

58xxxxxx# 改变保密码

59# 显示解锁码

59xxxx# 修改解锁码

60# 显示imei

61# 显示位置区识别码的行动国家码部分 61xxx# 修改位置区识别码的行动国家码部分 62# 显示位置区识别码的行动网号部分

62xx# 修改位置区识别码的行动网号部分

63# 显示位置区识别码的位置区码部分

63xxxxx# 修改位置区识别码的位置区码部分

64# 显示局部更新状态

64x# 修改局部更新状态

65# 显示imsi

66xyyy# 显示/修改tmsi

67# 将plmn 选择器置0

68# 消除plmn 菜单

69# 显示密码键顺序号

69x# 修改密码键顺序号

70xx# 显示bcch 分配表

70xxyyy# 修改bcch 分配表

71xx# 显示内部信息

72xx# 显示passive fail码

73x# 显示电子自动记录器控制框

73xyyy# 修改电子自动记录器控制框

7536778# 开始向快速擦除存储信息器转换

10. 摩托罗拉语言调成第三国语言快速解决方法:menu+26

摩托罗拉最常见的软件故障是:“话机坏,

请送修”以往我们的解决办法是:拆机写

码片或字库,

现在我们利用测试卡来快速排除此故障

方法是:插入测试卡按住#键进入测试状态

利用手机键盘输入0205#,0205068#既可

再解八位特别码即大功告成。

11. ★ 摩托罗拉手机的主清除与主复位

无论你的摩托罗拉手机上做了任何的设置,造成了如:不能正常拔入拔出,来电显示乱码,或无法删除电话本,等等,您都可以用以下方法复原。

menu 键+5+1(2)屏幕则会显示“主清除或主复位”如选择主清除将会执行以下操作:

1、从话机记忆中清除电话本项目。

2、清除最后呼出号码及最后呼入号码。

3、可清零计时表。

但不能清除的功能有:固定号码表、本机号码表、计费表、收到和传出的短消息。 选择主复位,将执行以下:

1、返回最初的语言选择。

2、铃音恢复标准音量复为中,网络查找频度恢复为中,取消自动应答,声音提示计,时通话中显示计费,节电,自动免提,自动加锁,小区广播及通话传真方式。

标题:手机秘密指令

2010-05-20 21:03:13

解话机锁:*2767*2878#/*2767*7377#

三星码片复位:*2767*3855# 也可用于解机锁或卡锁 三星显温度、电池容量:*#0228#

三星调显示屏对比度:*#0523#

三星软件版本:*#9999#

三星A100-A188看版本:*#0837#

摩托罗拉T2688解所有锁:19980722

T2688/2988/988d没有中文:*#0000# OK(插卡) 摩托罗拉所有机锁:按MENU+5+1/2

西门子恢复出厂设置:*#9999#

西门子乱文回中文:*#0000#/*#0086#

西门子软件版本:*#06# 左键

爱立信老机回英语:*#0000#

爱立信新机回英语:按CLR-左键-0000-右键

爱立信显出厂日期:右、*、左、左、*、左、*键

诺基亚显出厂日期:*#0000#(插卡)

诺基亚省30%电:*#746025625#

飞利浦强迫重连网:*#2562*#

飞利浦显示和更改手机密码:*#7489*#

博世(BOSCH)909S回中文:*#0852#

博世(BOSCH)909s回英文:*#0851#

NEC 显软件版本:*#2820#

NEC 恢复原厂设置:*#73738#

波导s1000隐藏功能:*#*#1705#

波导s1000解锁:*#*#1705#46(也用于999D,720) 如死机再用---24681357(或直接就用它解)

波导8xx/9xx系列:*#+串号7-14位#

SIM 卡 波导串号最后9位去掉最后一位

阿尔卡特OT221/220解锁:25228352/ALCATEL+D 阿尔卡特OT301/302解锁:83227423

阿尔卡特OT500/700解锁:25228352

康佳:*#0001# *#1001# ##1001#

康佳小雪5219:#8879576# 原始:1234

GVC :*#1001* (海尔)

南方高科320开机键入##1001#,然后装上卡输入0000 OK 三菱NET LOCK:*787090或*787292

三菱IMSI LOCK:*362628或*360608

三菱NETSUB LOCK:*476989

三菱CP LOCK:*482896或*480896

三菱SP LOCK:*967678

三菱EXT LOCK:*574243

飞利浦手机通用秘技

手机在待机状态下时,请输入以下按键组合:

*#06# 查看IME 串码

*#2254*#显示状况行

*#2255*#开启或关闭(DEBUG CALL)模式

*#2558*#显示通话时间

*#2562*#强迫重新连接网络系统

*#7489*#显示和更改手机密码

*#7378*#显示一些SIM 卡信息,例如相位(phaselevel)

*#3377*#读取SIM 卡信息,初始化和标示

*#7693*#开启或关闭睡眠模式

*#8463*#读取睡眠模式信息

*#337*# EFR模式开/关

*#4764*#单频/双频设置(切换单频GSM900)

*#4765*#单频/双频设置(切换单频GSM1800)

*#4762*#单频/双频设置(切换成双频模式)

阿尔卡特(ALCATEL)测试键

在待机状态下,输入“000000*”可监测网络状况,包括信号强度和使用中的频道等。

NEC DB2000手机秘技 在待机时输入以下按键:

“*#2820#”,再按通话键,可显示手机的软件版本。

“*73738#”,再按通话键,可将回到手机出厂状态。

三星早期版本的手机,可以输入以下的指令各种进入测试状态:

按键代码 测试功能/名称

*#9999# 显示手机软件版本号

*2767*2878# 话机当前设定复位(手机解锁)

*2767*3855# 话机EEPROM 总复位(修复软件故障)

*#9998*228# 电池参数读取

*#9998*289# 振铃信号频率测试

*#9998*246# 程序参数显示

*#9998*364# WATCHDOG信号测试

*#9998*377# EEPROM错误显示

*#9998*427# WATCHDOG信号路径设置

*9998*523# 液晶显示对比度调整

*9998*636# 存贮状态显示

*9998*786# 当前日期、时间读取

*9998*842# 振子振动测试

*9998*947# 在重大错误下复位设置

*9998*9266# 显示收信通道号及收信强度

三星新版手机(从三星600新版开始)所支持的测试指令减少了很多,基本上就只余下以下几个可以成功的:

*2767*2878#(EEPROM 复位)

*2767*3855#(EEPROM 总复位,IMEI 有可能会变成初始码)

*#9999#(查版本)

*#0523#(调LCD 对比度)

*2767*7377# (解手机密码的复位指令)

尤其是*#0523#的输入,有些型号的手机要插卡,有些不用。另外,如出现一次输入成功,而再输入失败的情况,是由于手机软件上的记忆效应,你可以将手机的电池卸下重装上再试输入(例如:*2767*3855# 指令输入后,有时不重装电池,手机是不能开机的)。 三星SGH-N288手机测试指令

*#0001# 显示RS232串行通信参数

*#0228# 显示电池容量、电压和温度

*#0246# 程序参数显示

*#0324# 网络检测(工程模式)

*#0364# 显示Watchdog 状态, 可以修改

*#0377# EEPROM错误显示

*#0427# WATCHDOG信号路径设置

*#0523# 调节对比度,谨慎修改;

*#0636# 存储器容量显示

*#0746# SIM卡文件规格测试

*#0778# SIM卡信息

*#0786# 显示内容为本次开机的时间及本次开机后到当前的时间长。按->后显示最新的本次开机后到当前的时间长;再按->后显示上一次的开机时间;再按->后显示上一次的关机时间以及上次开关机的时长。

*#0837# 显示详细的软件版本

*#0842# 振动测试

*#0947# 在重大错误情况下复位设置指令

*#9999# 显示软件版本

*2767*2878# EEPROM复位,手机设定总清除,可用于解锁

*2767*3855# 从字库中取出程序重置EEPROM 为出厂值。对修改过IMEI 码的手机,用此指令可恢复原出厂机身号码。此指令还用于因EEPROM (码片)内程序紊乱造成的各种故障。

西门子中文机秘籍大公开

输入[*#06#],可看IMEI(International Mobile Equipment Identity)码。

输入[*#06#]+[左软键],可看软件版本号。 以上不需插入SIM 卡也可操作。 输入[*#0000#]+[发射键],改成预设语言显示(英语?) 。

输入[*#0001#]+[发射键],改成英文显示。

输入[*#0086#]+[发射键],改成简体中文显示。

输入[*#0886#]+[发射键],改成繁体中文显示。

快速键

长按[*],开启或关闭铃声。

长按[#],开启或关闭键盘锁。

长按[左侧上键],开启情景模式设置。

长按[左侧下键],开启语拨号。

短按[右侧录音键],播放已录下的音,可在任何时候播放,包括通话期间,通话双方都听到。

长按[右侧录音键],开始录音,直到放开,或20秒已到。

当使用键盘锁时,可长按[挂断键]来暂时开启夜光照明。

连按两下[电话簿]可进入VIP 电话簿。

[1]+[发射键]可进入语音信箱(需在[菜单→短消息→语音信箱]设置语音信箱服务号码)。

[0]+[左软键]可切换1号2号线路(好象大部分地区不支持,包括珠海)。

[数字键]+[#]可显示出储存在SIM 卡该位置的电话簿名称(前提是至少在SIM 卡储存一个电话) 。

长按[0]会出现+字,并可用左软键来选择国家长话代码(位置依英文名称排列)。 快捷键设定 :[数字键]→[左软键]→[右软键](变更)此时会出现选项,选择即可(若是选择电话号码,则进入电话簿可选择要快速发射的电话名称)

使用 [数字键]→[发射键]即可。

西门子手机锁机解锁方法

请需要解锁的网友,将解锁码在开机状态下<插不插SIM 卡无所谓>直接输入手机,然后等候自动解锁,时间约1秒至60分钟不等

★ 如何解除摩托罗拉手机的PIN 密码

当你的设置的PIN 不小心遗忘了,或别人在你的手机上设置了PIN 等,这时PUK 就帮了大忙了。在输错三次的PIN 后则手机上会显示SIM 卡已锁,这时你必须要通过PUK 来解锁了。PUK 为8位数字的码一般在大卡的背面,如果找不到的话要尽快到当地的客服中心查询,切不可乱输,因为PUK 只有10次输错的机会,输错10次则SIM 卡报销。摩托罗拉手机一般在输入PUK 之前都必须先输入**05*再输PUK ,格式如下:**05*PUK即可。 ★ 摩托罗拉手机的主清除与主复位

无论你的摩托罗拉手机上做了任何的设置,造成了如:不能正常拔入拔出,来电显示乱码,或无法删除电话本,等等,您都可以用以下方法复原。

MENU 键+5+1(2)屏幕则会显示“主清除或主复位”如选择主清除将会执行以下操作:

1、从话机记忆中清除电话本项目。

2、清除最后呼出号码及最后呼入号码。

3、可清零计时表。

但不能清除的功能有:固定号码表、本机号码表、计费表、收到和传出的短消息。 选择主复位,将执行以下:

1、返回最初的语言选择。

2、铃音恢复标准音量复为中,网络查找频度恢复为中,取消自动应答,声音提示计,时通话中显示计费,节电,自动免提,自动加锁,小区广播及通话传真方式。 ★ 摩托罗拉 T2688 键盘解锁

T2688有通过键盘解锁的功能,只要输入:19980722 即可,不过它只支持当前的卡解琐,无法实现手机的全复位。

★ MOTOROLA GSM手机的测试指令

测试状态的进入:

插入测试SIM 卡后打开手机电源,当内部自动“叫醒”功能顺利完成后,按“#”键三

秒钟。

三秒钟后手机显示“TEST”,表明手机已进入测试状态,

测试指令如下:

01#:退出测试状态

02xxyy :显示/改变Tx 功率电平DAC 与装入PA 校准表,类似于ETACS 72#指令 07#:关闭Rx Audio通道

08#:打开Rx Audio通道

09#:关闭Tx Audio通道

10#:打开Tx Audio通道

11ABC #:设置信道 ABC =000~124

12AB #:设置功率级电平 AB =00~15

19#:显示呼叫处理器软件版本

20#:显示调制解调器软件版本

22#:显示语音编解码器软件版本

82#:看U801的版本号

24A #:设置AGC 步进 A =0 or 1

25ABC #:将连续的AGC 置为ABC ,ABC =0~255

26ABCD #:将连续的AFC 置为ABCD ,ABCD =0~4095

31A #:设定时隙为A ,A =0~7

33ABC #:单步捕捉ABC 信道

36#:打开音频环路

37#:中止测试

38#:激活SIM 卡

39#:使SIM 卡失效

40#:发射全“1”信息

41#:发射全“0”信息

43A #:改变Audio 通道至A

45ABC #:读取信道ABC 上的信号强度,ABC =0~124

46#:显示当前AFC DAC的值

47A #:设置音量A =0~7

490#:读锂电池信息

57#:清除保留内存,相当于ETACS 的32#指令

58ABCDEF #:设置保密码为ABCDEF

59ABCD #:显示/改变解锁码

60#:显示IMEI (国际移动设备识别码)

65#:显示IMSI

7100#:手机自检,03、04为Modem IC错误,05、06为SpeechCode IC错误,07为软件错误必需转移卡,08为手机正常,00、01为CPU 错误。

飞利浦手机秘籍

◆显示IMEI 号:*#06#

◆显示状态行 *#2254*#: C, BS, RR, MMI, CREAT.

◆激活或关闭调试呼叫(DEBUG CALL)模式 *#2255*#

◆显示总通话时间 *#2558*#

◆强迫重新接入网络 *#2562*#

◆显示和更改手机的保密码 *#7489*#

◆显示一些SIM 卡信息,例如相位等级(phase level)*#7378*#

◆获取SIM 卡锁信息,初始化和标志 *#3377*#

◆激活和关闭睡眠模式 *#7693*#

◆获取睡眠模式信息 *#8463*#

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手机解锁指令大全二2009-02-04 15:22六、附注

(一)各种锁中英文对照

SP 锁:英文名Service Prorider的简写,指运营商锁机码

ENT 锁:网络锁

IMSI 锁:用户识别码锁

KEY 锁:键盘锁

CP 锁:国家锁

PIN 锁:个人识别码锁

PUK 锁:个人解锁码锁

SIM 卡锁:用户识别卡锁

(二)部分手机键盘锁开关方法:

摩托罗拉手机:同时按住*#键

诺基亚手机:按功能键然后按*键

爱立信手机:按左键YES 键

西门子手机:长按#键

宏基手机:按通话键再按*键

松下手机:按菜单键两次

三星手机:按*键然后按OK 键

阿尔卡特手机:依次按159键解锁

飞利浦手机:一部分按"C" 键即可;9X9等有侧键的手机将侧键先上转再下转即可。

(三)外文改中文的次序一般为:Menu (菜单)—Settings (设置)—Language (语言)—Chinese(中文)

(四)手机代码

以下代码在所有的手机中适用

查看手机串号(IMEI ):*#06#。

转移呼叫:启动**21*加电话号#按发射键。关闭:##21#按发射键。

取消无应答转移##61#按发射键。

取消遇忙转移##61#*13#。

取消呼叫等待:#43#按发射键。

呼叫限制:设置*33*0000# 取消#33*0000#

遇忙,占线转移:设置*67*电话号码(加区号)# 取消#67#

(五)IMEI 码基本知识

IMEI 即International Mobile Equipment Identity(国际移动设备身份) 的简称,也被称为串号,它的最大功能是用来协助辨别手机身份真伪。IMEI 码一般由15位数字组成,绝大多数的GSM 手机只要按下“*#06#”,IMEI 码就会显示出来。其格式是如下:TAC 即Type Approval Code,为设备型号核准号码。

FAC 即Final Assembly Code,为最后装配号码。

SNR 即Serial Number,为出厂序号。

SP 即Spare Number,为备用号码。

不过,爱立信部分产品中都采用了17位的IMEI 码,如T18sc 和T28sc 。它前15位的含义和一般的IMEI 码含义相同,后两位是版本代码,对使用者并不重要。

1.TAC 码(设备型号核准号码)

IMEI 码的前六位数字即TAC 码。TAC 码代表了手机的型号。无论诺基亚、爱立信还是摩托罗拉的产品,只要是同一型号的手机,TAC 码一定是一样的。如诺基亚6150的IMEI 码前六位肯定是“493002”。

2.FAC 码(最后装配号码)

IMEI 码的7、8位即FAC 码,其含义是指手机最后完成装配时是在哪一家工厂。每一家工厂都有它特别的代号,所以这并不是哪个国家制造的代号。不过,用户心目中都将最后装配工序完成的工厂所在地当作手机产地。因此,FAC 码也就可以认为是手机产地的代号。

3.SNR 码(出厂序号)

IMEI 码的9~14位即为SNR 码,是手机的出厂序号。手机的出厂序号和其它产品的出厂序号一样,是为厂家的内部管理服务的,对用户并无多大意义。

4.SP(备用号码)

IMEI 码的最后一位即SP 码,是手机的备用号码,一般为零。不过,也有一些手机的SP 码不为零,这是正常的。下面就以诺基亚6150、摩托罗拉cd938、爱立信T18sc 做示范,以帮助理解。一部诺基亚6150,按下“*#06#”后,屏幕出现“手机串号493002407599521”字样。“493002”代表该手机核准型号是6150;“40”代表最后装配地为北京;“759952”是该手机的出厂序号;1则是备用号码。

一部摩托罗拉cd938按下“*#06#”后,屏幕上出现“447769804451095”字样。“447769”代表该手机核准型号是cd938;“80”代表最后装配地是中国;“445109”为该手机的出厂序号;“5”则是备用号码。

一部爱立信T18sc 按下“*#06#”后,屏幕上出现“520027-19-012435-8-05”字样。

“520027”代表该手机核准型号是T18sc;“19”代表最后装配地是英国;“012435”是该手机的出厂序号;“8”代表备用号码;“05”为版本代码。

手机FAC 码知识很多用户都不知道各种FAC 码所代表的手机产地,以下列出各大手机厂商的产地及其对应的FAC 码。

(1) 诺基亚

10:芬兰

20:德国

30:韩国

40:北京

60:东莞

(2)摩托罗拉

06、07、08:德国

18:新加坡

40、41:苏格兰

44,英国

47: 伪造的产地,有些是香港、东南亚改装机

48:香港,东南亚改装机, 或大陆改装机

49: 伪造的产地

67: 美国

68: 表示1998年增加的美洲生产线

80、81、82、83、84、85、86:中国天津制造

17、27、30、92、93:杭州东信制造

(3)爱立信

19:英国

51:瑞典

62:北京

61:香港

(4)西门子:

37:上海制

51:德国制

(5)松下:

62: 北京制

98: 菲律宾制

(6)三星:

89、90、92: 韩国制

(7)飞利浦:

69: 深圳制

50: 法国制

(8)索尼:

04: 中国制

06: 德国制

08: 日本制

(9)阿尔卡特

70: 苏州制

用户将IMEI 码调出后,除了看产地外,应注意该码是否与手机背面的IMEI 码(取下电池即可看到) 、包装盒上的IMEI 码及保修卡上的IMEI 码一致。如果不一致,那么手机一般不是假货就是旧机换新壳的伪劣产品。要是一致的话,你的手机一般就是正品了。不过,仍有极小的可能是水货,这时候,你只有再查查入网证是否作过假。具体方法是:将入网证放在验钞机下,若发现入网证上呈显出红色的“CMII”的图案和一个不是很清晰的数字,则为正规入网证,否则是水货的。

(六)部分国产贴牌手机与OEM 原型手机对照表

首信C6568(美晨MX7940) 首信C6268(美晨MX7930)

首信T600(美晨MX7931) 首信C5288(美晨MX7920)

首信C6588(美晨MX7941) 首信Q80( 潘泰Q80 )

联想G630(LG 5220) 联想007(美洲豹 A998)

联想818(LG 818) 联想I188(现代I188)

熊猫GM800(Eliya pd30) 熊猫880(BenQ S660)

熊猫EMOL99(星王SG-2600) 熊猫GM100(Bellwave BD10) 熊猫GM718(爱立信T28) 熊猫GM818(爱立信T66)

南方高科 S6991(KPT S310) 南方高科 S699(KPT S320) 南方高科 S6990(KPT S330) 中桥D1(天诺思D1)

南方高科Hi70(Toplux VG100)南方高科S6992(扬迪 A7) 南方高科T600(MAXON MX7931)

科健6300(三星600) 科健K6600(三星SGH-2488)

科健K98(三星N288) 科健YM3800(美晨MX6869)

科健K90(三星N628) 科健K60(三星R208)

科健 K358 (三星 SGH-C100) 科健K200(三星A388)

科健 K7100(NIXXO NXG-8000)

波导L968(萨基姆MC958) 波导MC936(萨基姆MC929) 波导S1000 (星王SG1000) 波导S1500(明基 S620i )

波导S2000 (星王SG2200) 波导8180 (Giya Q1688)

波导V08 (Bellwave 熊猫11) 波导GC600 (LG G7000A) 波导Q1600(Giya E320) 波导V08(扬迪 V11)

波导8280(萨基姆 MW3026)

海尔H8018 (GVC 268E) 海尔H7920(GVC 168F)

海尔雅典娜1000 (OKWAP i3698) 海尔雅典娜2000(OKWAP i66) 海尔开运星1000 (SENDO D800) 海尔天刚星H9118(飞利浦9@9) 海尔喜多星1000 (SENDO P200) 海尔喜多星2000(SENDO S200) 海尔彩智星1000M (飞利浦630) 海尔彩智星2000(美晨MX7951) 海尔运天星 2000(NIXXO NXG-8200)

东信EL720 (SEWON SG1100) 东信EL788 (美晨MX6890) 东信EG890B (LG G7020) 东信EG860 (Palmax XG5D)

东信EG760C (Palmax XG3C) 东信 Q28(NIXXO NXG-8210) 东信 EG760(Palmax XG3) 东信 EG818(Palmax XG5E) TCL9980(萨基姆MC920) TCL 商机3000(OKWAP ip88) TCL6898(美晨MX6980) TCL 光芒668(DX 66)

TOP 111 (美晨 MX6860) TOP 128P (OKWAP i108)

TOP 908(OKWAP i3698) TOP 611 (TCC Q285)

首信 D8000(建伍 EC568) 首信5500(诺基亚5110)

首信6268 (美晨MX7930) 首信6298(TCC Q285)

联想808(LG W5200) 联想i188(Innostream i188)

联想300(LG W3000) 联想G601 (LG 600)

联想G880 (西门子CL55)

中桥C188(Toplux CG100) 中桥 D1(天诺思 VG200C )

中桥OSSA88(G-PULS 887)

CECT Q86(明基M830C ) CECT DW3288(DAEWOO DW3288) CECT898(美晨MX7932) CECT Q88(萨基姆 MY-X5D )

首信C6298(TCC Q285又名雷特611) 首信 C5068(MAXON MX6880) 首信C6088A (EPRIES E100)

厦华XG-2168(Dnet 688) 厦华XG-6688(OKWAP i3698)

厦华 i900(G.PLUS i800)

康佳5218(富丽 66) 康佳7388(明基 S630i )

搜豹K881( G-Plus K881) 搜豹K880(G-Plus K880)

大显D2100 (Pantech Twinky) 大显C618(Apbw-1000)

万利达S777+(美晨MX6890) 万利达 S778(MAXON MX6870)

夏新A8(Bellwave Panda3) 桑达 彩蝶860(OKWAP i166)

中邮盟拓600(LG 600) 夏普GX10N (摩托罗拉V750)

中兴G218(SKY IM-5000)

1. 千里马339的SIM 卡锁解锁方法

拆下sim 卡,同时按住*和#键再按开机键。开机后做一下恢复出厂就ok 了

2. 联想i660解锁指令!

用###3676#指令输入,格式闪存。稍等即可。

3. 联想V858解锁指令,已测试过,OK 。

用###3676#指令输入,格式闪存。稍等即可。

4. 康佳C858手动解锁

*6288*#2002#

熊猫M700 指令解话机锁!

开机情况下输 *01763*737381# 关机再开 OK 没有密码了 恢复成出厂密码1234 波导V99软件修复成功 操作实例

一部波导V99故障现象是, 打电话自动重新开机, 发射电流正常, 开机输入#*8000#, #*3676#后修复完毕手机恢复正常!

\中兴系列手机:*983*737381#

中兴C 网机:##0305#或##0205#

天时达T31i:#8879510#

T303:#8879576#

吉事达888:*5839888*#

KD886:*2580#

奥盛830系列:*746*737381#

桑达618系列:*#2002*#2002#(天时达T368,T18,) 大显6600,熊猫700:*07163*737381#

VK系列:*#85*364#(长按)

MT 系列解锁指令可解决一半以上机锁

MT 初始密码为 1122

解锁输入 *#3646633# 速度要快, 慢了就不行了.

TCLMT 解锁 199903282005 再加串号奇数位前7位OK

MTK 万能密码 *#3698741# 选出厂设置,OK

*#66*#MTK工程模式

X495手动解网锁-不用仪器 不用线 轻松解决

1. 码片复位 *2767*3855# 重新启动

2. 改SP LOCK *7465625*638*00000000*00000000# 为8个零

3. 接下来就是解锁了,输入解锁指令 #7465625*638*00000000#

现在在来查查手机还有锁吗?

*#7465625# 检查指令 all locks

network lock 无效

subset lock - 无效

sp lock - 无效

cp lock - 无效

sim lock - 无效

activa lock - 无效

phone lock - 无效

auto network - 无效

auto subset lock - 无效

auto sp lock - 无效

auto cp lock - 无效

auto sim lock - 无效

其它机型好多都可以用此指令,不信可以试试。

亿通用7850CPU,AD,sky ,MTK

摩托罗拉E680/E680I VK 全系列, 夏新, 联想, 波导, 金立等.

ad 芯片万用*746*737381# *01763*737381# *983*737381#

MTK 的指令:#66#

天宇B806 AD6720CPU的解锁通用密码78737793 98777789

TY758恢复出厂设置\清除用户数据:*#951#(记住,里面所有资料都会清除,要说明)

CECT C600 6850CPU解锁指令*2005*#2005#

7850 CPU CECT系列的通用密码装卡输入*#2005#*

即可亿通用7850CPU 的指令,. 解所有锁48774226

联想V858指令####3676#格式化就可以了有的是4个#,

有的是3个#,摩托指令不插卡 **0107# 复位

摩托罗拉E680/E680I硬启动用于主清除关机后同时按下

音量键+相机快捷键+开/关机键

vk 解锁VK330~~~~520解锁密集4268#*

VK 全系列 *#27# 注意#要长按(全系列解锁

VK520解锁通用密码# 2587 #

夏新彩屏手机解锁指令自己新发现:<1>*#1001# <2>##1001#<3>#*1001#

联想G630 手解所指令.. 快来看.2945#*# i360指令解话机按####7777#会显示, 是否清除用户数据,按确定OK

大显D2600 解锁指令 *01763*737381#

波导 M02 测试OK 解锁指令*#9999#

金立618.528. 等 手机解所指令 *39*737381#

名佳919 929 939 939+ 728 738 750 758 650 Q510 719等等

串号前8位加*#*#5625#可解开或*83786633#

联想E700解锁方法####3676#格式化就OK

SKY解锁指令装卡 *#19740829#

sky 芯片解锁指令*#987*99#用48把资料读出,

然后用WINHEX 搜索137。138等号码,再向上翻两叶就可以看到密码!!

SKY 科胜讯芯片组解话机锁, 免拆只读出码片资料,

然后保存用48平台输字库型号后打开编辑. 然后点搜索在栏中输0000. 点下一个. 直到出密码是正确的. 一般点几次" 下一个" 就可以知道密码了MTK 的指令:#66# AD 芯片组的解锁指令

可以尝试以下的解锁指令

*746*737381#

*01763*737381#

*983*737381#

三星高档机解锁

先吧手机关机插上一张失效的sim 卡

开机输入*#9998*3323#然后退出选择第7项后从启

再开机按*0141#按发射键, 关机再开机密码为00000000

W109指令

软件版本 *759#813580 导航键“UP” 99

串号 *759#813580 导航键“DOWN” 31

“IMEI”号 *759#813580 导航键“DOWN” 34

调节送话器声音大小 *759#813580 98 200 * #02退出

杂牌机解锁万能码!

*746*737381#

[分享]CECTC600直板解锁指令!

话机锁*2002*#2002#

信息锁*2005*#2005#,*2002*00#

CECT 手机最新接锁指令

CECTS560推拉盖解锁指令:*#*#1705#好用的很!CECTS680C 解锁指令:

72779673 CECTT689解锁指令:*#7489# CECT668解锁指令:不插卡电源夹开机拨112接通后插卡 手机自动开机关闭话机锁OK !CECTC600滑盖解锁指令:*#2005#* CECT灵宇系列手机解锁指令:*528*737381# CECT 直板M100解锁指令:*#3583578844#35 这些解锁指令我都亲自实验过

CECTc1000待机王手机解锁指令!绝对原创!!!

#*8000# #*3676#

小灵通手动清机(解锁)

手清方法:同时按住手机上开机+菜单+(米/0/#)或开机+发射+# 三个键. 出现英文界面后, 按左右键选择17项, 在按上键出现提示界面, 输入相应的万用密码后, 在按OK 键(发射键) 清除完毕. 按删除键(关机上面那个键) 退出. 至此清机过程全部完成!

(1)英华OK 清机密码: 开机+发射+#

OK518清机万用密码:520733

OK517清机万用密码:792495

OK618清机万用密码:730231

OK618B 清机万用密码:970928

OK800清机万用密码:372051

OK728清机万用密码:264852

OK728B 清机万用密码:792495

OK315清机万用密码:270473

(2)华为清机密码: 开机+菜单+(米/0/#) 318清机万用密码:839148525

516清机万用密码:839268972

518清机万用密码:780917

528清机万用密码:106245/490219342 华为526清机万用密码:490006964 华为316清机万用密码:528106245 华为万能密码:

839268972 528106245 839148525 清除机号,机器为厂机。

(3)普天清机密码: 开机+菜单+(米/0/#) 612清机万用密码:782940

918清机万用密码:782503

788清机万用密码:780917

612清机万用密码:782940

618清机万用密码:7822

602清机万用密码:492157480

508清机万用密码:780917

3680 8+6+开机 43+OK

(4)宏康清机密码 开机+菜单+(米/0/#) 26a 清机万用密码:450658

26a+清机万用密码:8395

758A 清机万用密码:402021528

668清机万用密码:5318

688清机万用密码:458475

668B 清空:*+菜单+开机 再按OK ,再按2。

(5)其他机型 开机+菜单+(米/0/#)

cs66清机万用密码:7796

高科738 清机万用密码:457218 高科738C 清机万用密码: 459031 金鹏728清机万用密码: 8395 朗讯717 无 功能+#+开机

朗讯737 无 功能+#+开机

朗讯500 无 功能+#+开机

T10 ,T12解除防止二次写码的方法

步驟如下:

1. 在关机的状态下,同時按 “*””5””开机键”三個鍵進入(Driver Test Mode).

2. 按向上键3下 到SO Data 選項 再按拨号键进入

3. 按向上键1下 到SOw On選項 再按拨号键进入

4. 進Enter Password 選項。輸入717152471 再按拨号键进入

5. 轻按开机键一下 到SO Data 選項 向上两下到Recovery 再按拨号键进入 6 按拨号键进入--向下---按拨号键进入 连续3次 长按开机键 自动关

机即可

天创 T33/ T20 手清开机锁软件

同时按住拨号键和关机键 手机屏幕显示登陆模式

按下键 再按下键 输入#999 再按拨号键

亿通L378解锁指令

*48774226#就可以了, 不装卡,

我的e 家英华ok211手动清话机锁(新款}

发射+开机+井, 进入测试后在按6在按OK 最后按清除键退出即可

华为小灵通解锁指令

华为A318 华为A319

先按住菜单键和0字键,开机键

3个键一起按就会出现模式

进入模式后按6字键在按OK

就可以了

这时退出模式只需要按到退出键不放就可以了

我的e 家英华ok211手动清话机锁(新款}

发射+开机+井, 进入测试后在按6在按OK 最后按清除键退出即可

普天1689 1688 解 开机秘密

同时按6+8+开机---进入测试---按43按OK

英华OK 橙色屏的代用和手动调LCD 方法

英华大部分橙色屏都和斯达康318,220的屏通用(如315,107. 等) 但换上后要么不显示, 要么

花屏. 调LCD 方法如下:

先按OK+开机+#进入测试后, 长按左上软键(也就是功能键) 进入LCD 调整模式, 有0.1.2. 三种模式, 按

0或1.2直到LCD 显示正常后, 按9在按OK 键等几秒自动恢复到测试状态, 长按C 键(清除键) 退出即可!

小灵通 华为A318的手动解锁方法(卡机的也一样)

按住“功能键”和“0”不放开机,

等出现“1.LCD USERX.XX

2.RFRX”

按右方向键两次,出现“5.CHKSUM

6.FLASH ”

这时候按 “6”,

出现“CLEAR USER DATA

.........

ID :ECXX CLEAR

PRESS OK TO TEST ”

等自动恢复到主菜单,长按 “C” 键退出,自动关机。

再开机,没有密码了。

小灵通解密

宏康26A 万能密码

宏康26A 450658 功能+*+开机

金鹏728 万能密码

8395 功能+*+开机

推荐]各种小灵通密码解除(欢迎继续补充):

1)700UC 700UT 318 618 718 读PIN OK !!!

2)717 关机后按电话本键+#+开机键, 同时按. 选06按OK !!!!

3)PS12 按2+4+开机 同时按 , 再按5+6+OK!!!!重开机!!!输0000变OK !!!!

4) 中兴v777套机读码,写码后不要开机,直接用软件读码,这是可以读出正确检权码。如开机暂时没有办法,不过应该可以算出来。

5)ut-A66;pt-212;ps-618;ps-608等同时按2+4+开机, 再按5+静音键, 在按F+6,复位后按8+发送键; 按退出!**!

6)PS10同时按住1570加开机键,进入测试状态。

7) 金鹏818,中兴a268等和 a268线通用的机器的读4位密码方法:用030或者020或者702f 的读密码资料,地址输入: 460,与030解码方法相同 。但767 777 787 地址吗不是460是读dc0 : 1*1*1*1*____四个*就是密码。

8) 根据大家的经验,再补充一点:

用48解小灵通702U ,218,318,108的6位开机密码:

用48将资料读出,在地址定位处输入c110就可以看到锁机的密码,可以在此处更改它,此方法还可用于司达康的ut218,ut318,ut108等机型,密吗的地址在000c110里的09---0e 之间,在ascll 里也可直接看到。另外,健全吗和本机号在E350和E340地址行里,其中地址行里32到34之间是健全吗。

9) 宏康26A+解开机密码的办法:关机后按电话本键+0+开机键 同时按 选06 按OK 互通 解锁

互通 解锁 开机 长按# 出现超级密码 输入1234 4321 按确定就OK

motorola

1:能直接用于328,928,l2000,998系列

当手机出现;“enter phone unlock code

(输入话机密码)按一下“menu”键再按ok ,

会出现“修改密码”然后输入“000000”会出现

开锁的4位密码,按“c”后输入4位密码,即可

解除。

2:t2688指令

*#300#显示生产日期,软件版本

*#301#进入测试状态

*#0086#英文改中文

解锁19980722

t190t191 20010903

3:moto c300解锁万用码20020801 20030801

4. 摩托罗拉t2688,t2988,v750 解话机锁 :19980722

5. 当moto c330 350手机锁住话机锁后便无法连接计算机, 不能使用软件解锁, 现在将解锁方法告诉大家, 希望能帮到大家. 手机不装卡开机,按*#06# 后按菜单键二下输入048263*出现测试栏输入18*0 ok 18*1 .ok 手机锁解开, 再使用pst 工具改密码到初始密码.

6. motorola v66,v60指令

上卡,快速按menu+048263*,进入测试模式:(显示opcode )

18*1 ok 主清除;18*0 ok 主复位。

7.

v680解锁 待机时输入25*#录音键两次

输入071082进入测试模式

进入第二项common

向下选择到initialize carrier

按编辑

提示复位是-否 重开机ok !!

8. 摩托罗拉cdma-v730最新解锁方法:开机后输入25*#rrr(r 为录音键)然后再输 入密码071082后出现一个菜单选第三个data port然后又出现一个菜单选第二项 uidiagusbds 后会自动复位的,然后你的密码就被改为原始密码了。

9. 测试卡菜单

测试命令 测试功能/名称

# 进入手工测试模式

01# 退出手工测试模式

02xx# 显示发射功率级的dac 值

02xxyy# 修改发射功率电平dac 及装载dac 标准表

05x# 启动实行的错误处理程序测试 07# 关闭rx 音频路径

08# 开启rx 音频路径

09# 关闭tx 音频路径

10# 开启tx 音频路径

11xxx# 设置信道号

12xx# 设置发射功率级

13x# 显示存储块用法

14x# 启动内存不足条件

15x1x2 产生音调

156x# 振动测试

16# 关闭音调产生器

19# 显示呼叫处理器软件版本

20# 显示调制解调器软件版本

22# 显示语音编码器软件版本

24x# 设置25dbm 步进自动增益控制衰减器 25xxx# 设置连续自动增益控制器值 26xxxx# 设置连续自动频率控制器值 31x# 启动为随机序列(设定发射时隙) 32# 启动随意接续信道突发序列

33xxx# 与广播信道的载波同步

36# 启动音频回路

37# 停止之前的测试

38# 激活sim

39# 去活sim

40# 开始发送所有1

41# 开始发送所有0

42# 停止回声处理

43x# 变化音频路径

45xxx# 读取信道信号强度

46# 显示自动频率控制器当前的dac 值 47x# 设置音量

49x# 读取锂电池资料

51# 启动侧音

52# 关闭侧音

57# 主清除

58# 显示保密码

58xxxxxx# 改变保密码

59# 显示解锁码

59xxxx# 修改解锁码

60# 显示imei

61# 显示位置区识别码的行动国家码部分 61xxx# 修改位置区识别码的行动国家码部分 62# 显示位置区识别码的行动网号部分

62xx# 修改位置区识别码的行动网号部分

63# 显示位置区识别码的位置区码部分

63xxxxx# 修改位置区识别码的位置区码部分

64# 显示局部更新状态

64x# 修改局部更新状态

65# 显示imsi

66xyyy# 显示/修改tmsi

67# 将plmn 选择器置0

68# 消除plmn 菜单

69# 显示密码键顺序号

69x# 修改密码键顺序号

70xx# 显示bcch 分配表

70xxyyy# 修改bcch 分配表

71xx# 显示内部信息

72xx# 显示passive fail码

73x# 显示电子自动记录器控制框

73xyyy# 修改电子自动记录器控制框

7536778# 开始向快速擦除存储信息器转换

10. 摩托罗拉语言调成第三国语言快速解决方法:menu+26

摩托罗拉最常见的软件故障是:“话机坏,

请送修”以往我们的解决办法是:拆机写

码片或字库,

现在我们利用测试卡来快速排除此故障

方法是:插入测试卡按住#键进入测试状态

利用手机键盘输入0205#,0205068#既可

再解八位特别码即大功告成。

11. ★ 摩托罗拉手机的主清除与主复位

无论你的摩托罗拉手机上做了任何的设置,造成了如:不能正常拔入拔出,来电显示乱码,或无法删除电话本,等等,您都可以用以下方法复原。

menu 键+5+1(2)屏幕则会显示“主清除或主复位”如选择主清除将会执行以下操作:

1、从话机记忆中清除电话本项目。

2、清除最后呼出号码及最后呼入号码。

3、可清零计时表。

但不能清除的功能有:固定号码表、本机号码表、计费表、收到和传出的短消息。 选择主复位,将执行以下:

1、返回最初的语言选择。

2、铃音恢复标准音量复为中,网络查找频度恢复为中,取消自动应答,声音提示计,时通话中显示计费,节电,自动免提,自动加锁,小区广播及通话传真方式。

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